Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice / Вісник Національного технічного університету "ХПІ". Серія: Проблеми удосконалювання електричних машин і апаратів. Теорія і практика
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Development and Evaluation of the High-Intensity Interval Training Self-Efficacy Questionnaire
No full textThis study involved the design and evaluation of the High-Intensity Interval Training Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (HIIT-SQ). Phase 1: Questionnaire items were developed. Phase 2: Australian adolescents (N = 389, 16.0 ± 0.4 years, 41.10% female) completed the HIIT-SQ, and factorial validity of the measurement model was explored. Phase 3: Adolescents (N = 100, age 12–14 years, 44% female) completed the HIIT-SQ twice (1 week apart) to evaluate test–retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis of the final six items (mean = 3.43–6.73, SD = 0.99–25.30) revealed adequate fit, χ2(21) = 21, p = .01, comparative fit index = .99, Tucker–Lewis index = .99, root mean square of approximation = .07, 90% confidence interval [.04, .11]. Factor loading estimates showed that all items were highly related to the factor (estimates range: 0.81–0.90). Intraclass coefficients and typical error values were .99 (95% confidence interval [.99, 1.00]) and .22, respectively. This study provides preliminary evidence for the validity and reliability of scores derived from the HIIT-SQ in adolescents
Executive function measurement in urban schools: Exploring the links between performance-based metrics and teacher ratings
No full textWhen compared to research centered on the executive function development of white, middle-class children, relatively little is known about their non-white, low socioeconomic status peers. In an effort to harmonize how executive functions are measured within under- represented contexts, the present study addresses gaps in the evaluation of everyday executive functioning to better understand whether behavior rating scales completed by teachers (BASC2EF – Karr & Garcia-Barrera, 2017; BASC3EF – Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2015) capture distinctions between performance-based measures. This study includes two large samples of older, ethnic minority children from high-poverty backgrounds (Sample 1. N = 243; Mage = 9.28 years, SDage = 0.80; nfemale = 125; nAfricanAmerican = 216, nLatinAmerican = 15, nAsianAmerican = 6; Sample 2. N = 229; Mage = 10.02 years, SDage = 1.01; nfemale = 120 nAfricanAmerican = 132, nLatinAmerican = 92, nWhite = 3, nPacificIslander = 1). Based on structural equation models testing the links between computerized performance-based measures and the teacher rating scales, the results indicate that BASC2EF in its original form might be a good fit for some populations but there is not a strong factor structure for the current high-poverty samples. In addition, post-hoc analyses suggest that only including BASC2EF items also in BASC3EF or using BASC3EF is best practice for high-poverty populations. BASC3EF seems better able to capture different components of performance-driven tasks, whereas BASC2EF captures overall executive functioning better than individual tasks. These findings encourage continued questioning surrounding metrics used to assess everyday executive functions in older children from diverse backgrounds
Interactive C++ code development using C++Explorer and GitHub Classroom for educational purposes
No full textTeaching C++ programming to non-computer science majors comes with the burden of setting up an integrated development environment, a struggle for most students. Therefore, we present the open source tool, C++Explorer, a Jupyterhub deployment for interactively developing C++ code. Students can connect to the server without installing anything, and, almost instantly, they can begin to engage with code using the notebooks. Another aspect of code development is remote communication with co-workers or the community. To develop this skill, we use GitHub classroom to provide feedback on the assignments and practice remote communication. C++Explorer was used in the fall of 2019 and 2020 to teach parallel computation to mathematics students. At the end of the class, we gather student's feedback. This data will be used to continue improving the course. In addition, we present a Telegram bot for the communication with the server using smartphones or tablets. However, this tool was not used in the course and will be explored in future teaching
A comparative review of peridynamics and phase-field models for engineering fracture mechanics
No full textComputational modeling of the initiation and propagation of complex fracture is central to the discipline of engineering fracture mechanics. This review focuses on two promising approaches: phase-field (PF) and peridynamic (PD) models applied to this class of problems. The basic concepts consisting of constitutive models, failure criteria, discretization schemes, and numerical analysis are briefly summarized for both models. Validation against experimental data is essential for all computational methods to demonstrate predictive accuracy. To that end, The Sandia Fracture Challenge and similar experimental data sets where both models could be benchmarked against are showcased. Emphasis is made to converge on common metrics for the evaluation of these two fracture modeling approaches. Both PD and PF models are assessed in terms of their computational effort and predictive capabilities with their relative advantages and challenges are summarized
The good and the bad: Are some attribute words better than others in the Implicit Association Test?
No full textThe Implicit Association Test (IAT) is one of the most popular measures in psychological research. A lack of standardization across IATs has resulted in significant variability among stimuli used by researchers, including the positive and negative words used in evaluative IATs. Does the variability in attribute words in evaluative IATs produce unwanted variability in measurement quality across studies? The present work investigated the effect of evaluative stimuli across three studies using 13 IATs and over 60,000 participants. The 64 positive and negative words that we tested provided similar measurement quality. Further, measurement was satisfactory even in IATs that used only category labels as stimuli. These results suggest that common sense is probably a sufficient method for selection of evaluative stimuli in the IAT. For a reasonable measurement quality, we recommend researchers who use evaluative IATs in English to randomly select words from the set we tested in the present research
42 Aktivitas Pengembangan Kecerdasan Jamak (Multiple Intetligences)
No full textManusia diciptakan Tuhan dalam sebaik-baik bentuk dan kesempurnaan. Kesempurnaan manusia ditandai dengan diberikannya segenap piranti yang siap dan harus dikembangkan. Piranti-Piranti tersebut adalah pendengaran, penglihatan, dan qolbu (hati). Selain ketiga piranti, manusia juga diberi perbagai kecerdasan. Tugas orang tua, lingkungan, dan sekolah menstimulasi dan mengembangkan piranti serta kecerdasan tersebut agar mampu berkembang secara maksimal. Buku ini yang berjudul 42 Aktivitas Pengembangan Kecerdasan Jamak (Multiple Intelligence) Anak SD menawakan berbagai aktivitas yang dapat diterapkan oleh para guru, orang tua, dan siapapun yang memiliki tanggungiawab dalam menyiapkan generasi yang kuat. Kuat dalam iman, ilmu, serta amal
Challenges and opportunities for the future of Brain-Computer Interface in neurorehabilitation
No full textBrain Computer Interfaces (BCI) provide a unique technological solution to circumvent the damaged motor system. For neurorehabilitation, the BCI can be used to translate neural signals associated with movement intentions into tangible feedback for the patient, when they are unable to generate functional movement themselves. Clinical interest in BCI is growing rapidly, as it would facilitate rehabilitation to commence earlier following brain damage, and provides options for patients who are unable to partake in traditional physical therapy. However, substantial challenges with existing BCI implementations have prevented its widespread adoption. Recent advances in knowledge and technology provide opportunities to facilitate a change, provided that researchers and clinicians using BCI agree on standardisation of guidelines for protocols and shared efforts to uncover mechanisms.
We propose that addressing the speed and effectiveness of learning BCI control are priorities for the field, which may be improved by multimodal or multi-stage approaches harnessing more sensitive neuroimaging technologies in the early learning stages, before transitioning to more practical, mobile implementations. Clarification of the neural mechanisms that give rise to improvement in motor function is an essential next step towards justifying clinical use of BCI. In particular, quantifying the unknown contribution of non-motor mechanisms to motor recovery calls for more stringent control conditions in experimental work.
Here we provide a contemporary viewpoint on the factors impeding the scalability of BCI. Further, we provide a future outlook for optimal design of the technology to best exploit its unique potential, and best practices for research and reporting of findings
Predictors of Coping with Expectation Violation: An Integrative Review
No full textThe present review investigates factors that predict three processes that lead to persistence versus change of expectations after confrontation with expectation violations, based on the ViolEx (Violated Expectation) Model (Gollwitzer, Thorwart, & Meissner, 2018) and related models. We address four groups of predictors: a) characteristics of the expectation, b) characteristics of the expectation-violating event(s), c) broader situational characteristics, and d) personality characteristics. The bulk of studies conducted in this area looked at expectation change in the direction of the experienced violation (accommodation) as their central dependent variable. The strongest empirical support was found for accommodation being less likely and minimizing of the potential impact of the discrepant information (immunization) being more likely to occur a) after the reality turns out to be worse rather than better than expected, b) if disconfirming events are more ambiguous, and c) if depressed rather than healthy people are confronted with better-than-expected events. Given the high heterogeneity between studies on assessed predictors, we recommend a more comprehensive and unifying approach that tests the relative impact and the interplay of the whole range of predictors across paradigms
Gender, Genes, and Income: How Equality of Opportunity Changed in Norway Across the 20th Century
No full textThe income gender gap shrank dramatically in western democracies over the twentieth century. We ask whether genetic influences on lifetime income, i.e. the heritability, is the same for men and women across birth cohorts. We interpret heritability as achievement and shared environ-ments as social ascription on the basis of gender. We use data on 11,677 twin pairs born in Norway between 1915 and 1991 linked with full-population administrative income data covering the years 1967-2016. The heritability of lifetime income doubled across birth cohorts as women faced fewer social barriers to earn income. The increase in heritability and decrease in gendered shared environments indicate more equality of opportunity between gender for later-born cohorts. However, it also shows that in an extensive welfare state like Norway where gender equality has been a political priority since the 1950s, equality of opportunity was low until very recently. Furthermore, when we study men and women separately, the heritability is lower for women than for men, showing that genes are not pathwayed to influence lifetime income equally. Although we argue that genetically informed designs can be used to evaluate equality of opportunity between genders, we discuss the many interpretive challenges that remain
“I don't just drink water for the sake of it”: Understanding the influence of value, reward, self-identity and early life on water drinking behaviour.
No full textThe prevalence and negative health outcomes of underhydration call for a better understanding of water drinking motivations to inform interventions. This mixed methods study assessed the motivational processes underlying different patterns of water intake (i.e., high versus low) with a focus on the constructs like value, reward, self-identity and early life drinking habits. We used an initial quantitative survey (N = 400, M age = 24, N female = 293), followed by a qualitative survey (N = 101, M age = 33, N female = 75) in the general UK population. The quantitative survey assessed self-reported differences in water drinking behaviour (e.g., amount and frequency) in high and low water drinkers. The qualitative survey assessed underlying reasons for these differences, in a subset of participants. Participants who associated water drinking with valued, rewarding outcomes were more likely to drink a high and consistent amount of water, with less subjective effort than participants who did not. Participants with health-conscious self-identities were more likely to associate water drinking with reward, but this association was disrupted in situations where other aspects of self-identity were prominent. Finally, for many participants drinking patterns from early life persisted into later life and were experienced as hard to change. Our results suggest that reward may be important in habit formation and maintenance. Interventions trying to increase water intake need to make water rewarding in line with drinking outcomes that people value. Early intervention is essential given the persistence of early life drinking habits