Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice / Вісник Національного технічного університету "ХПІ". Серія: Проблеми удосконалювання електричних машин і апаратів. Теорія і практика
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Criticism of the paper “The association between early career informal mentorship in academic collaborations and junior author performance”
No full textThe authors of this letter represent a large student body who have generally had especially positive experiences with female mentors’ advice and mentorships and do not support the conclusions of the article “The association between early career informal mentorship in academic collaborations and junior author performance” because its conclusions regarding gender reach beyond the article’s scope and because the quality of mentorships cannot be analysed only through citation counts. Publications are not equivalent to learning outcomes or professional advancement.
After careful review of the aforementioned article, we see numerous scientific flaws. The causal inferences that can be drawn from the observed effects of gender on the mentor-protégé relationship are insubstantial and other aspects of the paper are limited in the reductionist design of their mentor-protégé relationship assessment, which is based on the scientific impact of future papers
The Brokerage Roles of City-Regions in Global Corporate Networks
No full textCity-regions are conferred economic advantage through their brokerage roles, which close structural holes between other city-regions that would otherwise not be connected within firm networks. Here, we identify city-regions whose brokerage roles are defined by their network positionality as intermediaries using flows based on ownership relations between headquarters and subsidiary locations. Applying Gould and Fernandez’s framework of five potential brokerage types, we find city-regions play one or more brokerage roles characterised by both global and domestic flows. Moving beyond understandings of brokerage as a position, we explain diversity in brokerage as defined by economic processes underlying urban networks
Individual differences in cognitive offloading: A comparison of intention offloading, pattern copy, and short-term memory capacity
No full textThe cognitive load of many everyday life tasks exceeds known limitations of short-term memory. One strategy to compensate for information overload is cognitive offloading which refers to the externalization of cognitive processes such as reminder setting instead of memorizing. There appears to be remarkable variance in offloading behavior between participants which poses the question whether there is a common factor influencing offloading behavior across different tasks tackling short-term memory processes. To pursue this question, we studied individual differences in offloading behavior between two well-established offloading ¬¬paradigms: the intention offloading task which tackles memory for intentions and the pattern copy task which tackles continuous short-term memory load. Our study also included an unrelated task measuring short-term memory capacity. Each participant completed all tasks twice on two consecutive days in order to obtain reliability scores. Despite high reliability scores, individual differences in offloading behavior were uncorrelated between the two offloading tasks. In both tasks, however, individual differences in offloading behavior were correlated with the individual differences in an unrelated short-term memory task. Our results therefore show that offloading behavior cannot simply be explained in terms of a single common factor driving offloading behavior across tasks. We discuss the implications of this finding for future research investigating the interrelations of offloading behavior across different tasks
A Model of Positive Tears
No full textAlthough several scholars acknowledge the existence of tears of joy, there is little systematic theoretical or empirical evidence on how positive tears are experienced, what elicits them, what actions or impulses they motivate in the crier, how they differ from tears of sadness or distress and whether there are different types. We systematically investigated these issues and drafted a first taxonomic model of positive tears. Drawing on more than 1500 reports of positive tears and including 13124 participants from 40 diverse countries and 24 languages, the studies employed a strong mixture of quantitative and qualitative techniques. The final results showed evidence of the occurrence of positive tears and found four qualitatively different types and profiles that we termed achievement, beauty, affection, and amusement tears. Achievement tears are often shed in contexts of extraordinary performance or when someone overcomes an obstacle and often include feelings of pride. Beauty tears occur commonly in situations of overwhelming elegance or beauty, including nature, music or visual arts, and feature feelings of awe or experiencing chills. Affectionate tears are often experienced in situations including unexpected kindness or exceptional love such as wedding ceremonies or reunions and often feature feelings of warmth, increased communality, and feeling touched or compassionate. Finally, amusement tears are shed when something especially funny occurs and include feelings of amusement or lightness and the inclination to laugh or giggle. We also investigated cross-cultural and inter-individual differences with regard to these categories and discuss limitations and implications of our taxonomy of positive tears
Refinement and Validation of the Balanced Inventory of Mindfulness-related Skills (BIMS)
No full textObjectives: The goal of the current study was to refine and validate a revision of the Five Facet
Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), with the goal of retaining its useful features and mitigating
those features that have been identified to be problematic.
Methods: A 30-item pilot version of the Balanced Inventory of Mindfulness-related Skills
(BIMS) was developed by implementing the structured alternative item format (presenting both
positive and negative aspects of each item) and revising the wording of items. Herein, we
collected data from a convenience sample of n=1,014 individuals, reduced to n=757 after data
cleaning. We conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses
(CFA) on randomly separated subsets of the sample and explored response patterns and
correlations with relevant measures (including a short-form of the FFMQ).
Results: Parallel analysis and EFA indicated a five-factor, correlated structure across a final 27
items (omitting 3 items due to poor fit), confirmed by CFA. A full sample CFA using an
asymptotically distribution free fit function indicated excellent model fit (CFI/TLI > 0.99,
RMSEA < 0.05, SRMR < 0.05). The BIMS scales exhibited strong correlations with the FFMQ
subscales and related scales. The scale did not, however, reduce correlations with social
desirability, which has been shown to be associated with method effects.
Conclusions: The BIMS represents a psychometrically sound revision of the FFMQ that retains
the five-factor structure of the original scale while eliminating method effects. It is strongly
correlated with the original scale and exhibits comparable correlations with attentional control,
emotion regulation, and personality characteristics. Critically, the BIMS represents a measure of
mindfulness-related skills, shifting the focus to clinically relevant constructs that may interact
but do not necessarily sum to a unitary trait
A philosophy of technology for computational law
No full textThis chapter confronts the foundational challenges posed to legal theory and legal philosophy by the rise of computational ‘law’. Two types will be distinguished, noting that they can be combined into hybrid systems. On the one hand, the use of machine learning in the legal realm will be addressed under the heading of data-driven ‘law’. On the other hand, knowledge- or logic-based expert systems, self-executing contracts or regulation on a blockchain and Rules as Code will be addressed as code-driven ‘law’, which underlies much of automated decision-making. Data-driven ‘law’ raises problems due to its autonomic operations and the ensuing opacity of its reasoning. Code-driven ‘law’ presents us with a conflation of regulation, execution and adjudication. Though such implications are very different, both types of computational ‘law’ share the assumption that legal practice and legal research are computable. Before addressing the implications of these assumptions, the chapter will investigate the affordances of current, text-driven law, explaining how they relate to the core tenets of the Rule of Law and the kind of legal protection it offers. This will be followed by an enquiry into what computational law would afford in terms of legal protection, assuming that one of the core functions of law and the Rule of Law is to protect what is not computable
Network Approach to Work Addiction: A Cross-Cultural Study
No full textWe aimed to estimate and compare networks of work addiction among Norwegian and Polish working individuals. The Bergen Work Addiction Scale was used to measure work addiction in four samples, two comprising responses of working Norwegians (n1 = 16,426; n2 = 764) and two comprising responses of working Poles (n3 = 719; n4 = 711). The networks were estimated jointly with the fused graphic lasso method. Additionally, we estimated symptoms’ centrality, symptoms’ predictability, and networks’ stability, as well as quantitatively compared the four networks. The results showed highly similar networks across the four samples. There were several strong direct relationships between symptoms. The most and the least central symptoms were Relapse and Mood modification, respectively. Mean symptom predictability varied between 22.6 and 28.3% across samples. We discussed the possible intervention strategies based on the obtained results
Estimating the Number of Factors in Exploratory Factor Analysis via out-of-sample Prediction Errors
No full textExploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is one of the most popular statistical models in psychological science. A key problem in EFA is to estimate the number of factors. In this paper, we present a new method for estimating the number of factors based on minimizing the out-of-sample prediction error of candidate factor models. We show in an extensive simulation study that our method slightly outperforms existing methods, including parallel analysis, the BIC, and Exploratory Graph Analysis. In addition, we show that among the high performance method our method is the one that is most robust across different specifications of the true factor model. We provide an implementation of our method in the R-package fspe
Personality Pathways to Mortality: Interleukin-6 Links Conscientiousness to Mortality Risk
No full textPersonality is associated consistently with mortality hazards, but the physiological pathways are not yet clear. Immune system dysregulation may be one such pathway due to its role in age-related morbidity and mortality. In this preregistered study, we tested whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) mediated the associations between personality traits and mortality hazards. The sample included 957 participants (M ± SD = 58.65 ± 11.51 years; range = 35 – 86 years) from the Midlife in the United States Survey that had 14 years of follow-up. Higher conscientiousness was associated with lower mortality hazards, with each one standard deviation higher conscientiousness associated with a 35% lower mortality risk. IL-6, but not CRP, partially mediated this association, with IL-6 accounting for 18% of this association in the fully adjusted model. While there was initial evidence that the biomarkers mediated both neuroticism and agreeableness and mortality risk, the indirect effects were not significant when controlling for the sociodemographic variables. Taken together, higher conscientiousness may lead to a longer life partially as a result of lower IL-6. This work highlights the importance of biological pathways that link personality to future mortality risk
Особливості термісторного захисту трифазних асинхронних двигунів з короткозамкненим ротором напругою до 0,66 кВ
Full text linkThe article analyzes the features of thermistor protection against overheating of three-phase asynchronous motors with a squirrel-cage rotor with a voltage of up to 0.66 kV. A comparative analysis of different types and types of thermistors is carried out, in particular their design features, operating principles and characteristics, which provides effective protection of motor windings from critical overheating. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of thermistor protection of asynchronous motors are determined, which allows you to reasonably choose the optimal protection option depending on the operating conditions and requirements for the reliability of electric motors in accordance with modern standards.У статті проаналізовані особливості термісторного захисту від перегріву трифазних асинхронних двигунів з короткозамкненим ротором напругою до 0,66 кВ. Проведено порівняльний аналіз різних типів та видів термісторів, зокрема їх конструктивних особливостей, принципів роботи та характеристик, що забезпечує ефективний захист обмоток двигуна від критичного перегріву. Визначено переваги та недоліки різних видів термісторного захисту асинхронних двигунів, що дозволяє обґрунтовано вибрати оптимальний варіант захисту залежно від умов експлуатації та вимог до надійності електродвигунів у відповідності з сучасними міжнародними стандартами