Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice / Вісник Національного технічного університету "ХПІ". Серія: Проблеми удосконалювання електричних машин і апаратів. Теорія і практика
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When lexical statistics and the grammar conflict: learning and repairing weight effects on stress
No full textIn weight-sensitive languages, stress is influenced by syllable weight. As a result, heavy syllables should attract, not repel, stress. The Portuguese lexicon, however, presents a case where weight seems to negatively impact stress: antepenultimate stress is more frequent in light antepenultimate syllables than in heavy ones. This pattern is phonologically unexpected, and appears to contradict the typology of weight and stress: it is a case where lexical statistics and the grammar conflict. Portuguese also contains gradient, not categorical, weight effects, which weaken as we move away from the right edge of the word. In this paper, I examine how native speakers’ grammars capture these subtle weight effects, and whether the negative antepenultimate weight effect is learned or repaired. I show that speakers learn the gradient weight effects in the language, but do not learn the unnatural negative effect. Instead, speakers repair this pattern, and generalize a positive weight effect to all syllables in the stress domain. This study thus provides empirical evidence that speakers may not only ignore unnatural patterns, but also learn the opposite pattern
Tragic Heroes: A Comparison between “the Defeated Heroes” in the Iliad and Shan Hai Jing
No full textThis essay, applying the method of textual analysis, compares two specific tragic heroes, Hector in the Iliad and Xingtian in Shan Hai Jing, to analyze the individualism manifested by Western literature and the collectivism displayed by Eastern literature
Could Brain-Computer Interface be a new therapeutic approach for Body Integrity Dysphoria?
No full textPatients suffering from Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID) desire to become disabled, arising from a mismatch between the desired body and the physical body. We focus here on the most common variant, characterised by the desire for amputation of a healthy limb. In most reported cases amputation of the rejected limb entirely alleviates the distress of the condition and engenders substantial improvement in quality of life. Since BID can lead to life-long suffering, it is essential to identify an effective form of treatment that causes the least amount of alteration to the person’s anatomical structure and functionality. Treatment methods involving medications, psychotherapy and vestibular stimulation have proven largely ineffective. In this hypothesis article, we briefly discuss the characteristics, aetiology, and current treatment options available for BID before highlighting the need for new, theory driven approaches. Drawing on recent findings relating to functional and structural brain correlates of BID, we introduce the idea of Brain Computer Interface (BCI)/neurofeedback approaches to target altered patterns of brain activity, promote re-ownership of the limb and/or attenuate stress and negativity associated with the altered body representation
Using HMD Virtual Reality to investigate individual differences in visual processing styles
No full textGlobal and local processing is part of human perceptual organisation, where global processing enables
us to extract the ‘gist’ of the visual information and local processing helps us to perceive the details.
Individual differences in these two types of visual processing have been found in autism and ADHD.
Virtual Reality (VR) has become a more available method of research in the last few decades. No
previous research has investigated perceptual differences using this technology. The standard ROCF
test was used as a baseline task to look at a practical aspect of using VR as an experimental platform.
94 participants were tested. Attention-to-Detail, Attention Switching and Imagination subscales of AQ
questionnaire were found to be predictors of organisational ROCF scores, whereas only Attention-to?Detail subscale was predictive of perceptual ROCF scores. Current study is an example of how classic
psychological paradigms can be transferred into the virtual world. Further investigation of the distinct
individual preferences in drawing tasks in VR could lead to a better understanding on how we process
visuospatial information. As a result, such findings would inevitably extend to industrial applications
Feelings of Social Isolation in Canada's Pandemic Times: Exploring Its Correlates Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis
No full textIdentifying the linkages between the feelings of social isolation and its socio-demographic, residential, and psychosocial correlates is of major importance to the healthcare system today. Using data from the Canadian Survey Perspective Survey Series 6 (CPSS6) conducted by Statistics Canada, the purpose of this study is to explore these linkages during the second year of the pandemic in Canada. Five levels of social isolation were examined in conjunction with 17 other socio-demographic and psychosocial characteristics of 3,941 respondents to the survey. The study suggests that about three out of four Canadians (75%) have experienced some feeling of social isolation at some point during the pandemic. The most severe form comprised 11% of the total population. In the context of a generalized cross-tabular data analysis, Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) detected two major dimensions underlying the data: mental health distress and time duration. These dimensions represented approximately 61% of the inertia or unexplained variation in the data. An examination of the combinations of variable categories revealed that the highest perceived isolation levels were found among young individuals, females, individuals who were single, those who received medical help during the pandemic, and those living in low-rise apartments in urban areas. The lowest levels of perceived social isolation were found among older individuals, rural residents, those who were married and/or reported excellent mental health. Not all individuals who experienced higher levels of mental distress, however, felt social isolation. The findings of the study could be useful when designing public health campaigns aimed at reducing social isolation by providing helpful alternatives to affected populations
Agreement among human and automated transcriptions of global songs
No full textCross-cultural musical analysis requires standardized symbolic representation of sounds such as score notation. However, transcription into notation is usually conducted manually by ear, which is time-consuming and subjective. Our aim is to evaluate the reliability of existing methods for transcribing songs from diverse societies. We had 3 experts independently transcribe a sample of 32 excerpts of traditional monophonic songs from around the world (half a cappella, half with instrumental accompaniment). 16 songs also had pre-existing transcriptions created by 3 different experts. We compared these human transcriptions against one another and against 10 automatic music transcription algorithms. We found that human transcriptions can be sufficiently reliable (~90% agreement, κ ~.7), but current automated methods are not (<60% agreement, κ <.4). No automated method clearly outperformed others, in contrast to our predictions. These results suggest that improving automated methods for cross-cultural music transcription is critical for diversifying MIR
Exploring the Effects of Sampling Variability, Scale Variability, and Node Aggregation on the Consistency of Estimated Networks
No full textWork surrounding the replicability and generalizability of network models has increased in recent years, prompting debate on whether network properties can be expected to be consistent across samples. To date, certain methodological practices may have contributed to observed inconsistencies, including use of single-item indicators and non-identical measurement tools. The current study used a resampling approach to disentangle the effects of sampling variability from scale variability when assessing network replicability in empirical data. Additionally, we explored whether consistencies in network characteristics were improved when more items were aggregated to estimate node scores, which we hypothesized should yield more representative measures of latent constructs. Overall, using different scales produced more variability in network properties than using different samples, but these discrepancies were markedly reduced with larger samples and greater node aggregation. Findings underscored the impact of aggregating items when estimating nodes: Multi-item indicators led to denser networks, higher network sensitivity, greater estimates of global strength, and greater levels of consistency in network properties (e.g., edge weights, centrality scores). Taken together, variability in network properties across samples may arise from poor measurement conditions; additionally, variability may reflect properties of the true network model and/or the measurement instrument. All data and syntax are openly available online (https://osf.io/m37q2/)
Building sustainable global collaborative networks: Recommendations from music studies and the social sciences
No full textGlobal collaborative networks have been established in multiple fields to move beyond research that over-relies on “WEIRD” participants and to consider central questions from cross-cultural and epistemological perspectives. As researchers in music and the social sciences with experience building and sustaining such networks, we participated in a virtual symposium on February 7, 2021. to exchange knowledge, ideas, and recommendations, with an emphasis on developing global networks to investigate human music-making. We present 14 key take-home recommendations, particularly regarding 1) enhancing representation of researchers and research participants, 2) minimizing logistical challenges, 3) ensuring meaningful, reproducible comparisons, and 4) incentivizing sustainable collaboration and shared research practices that circumvent research hierarchies. Two overarching conclusions are that sustainable global collaborations should attempt shared research practices including diverse stake-holders, and that we should fundamentally re-evaluate the nature of research credit attribution
Математична модель розрахунку усталеного режиму і статичних характеристик явнополюсних синхронних машин
Full text linkSalient-pole synchronous machines occupy a paramount position in both the generation and consumption of electrical energy. Recent achievements in the design, manufacturing, and operation of salient-pole synchronous machines are the result of successful advancements in the fields of electromechanical engineering technology, semiconductor technology, and mathematical modeling. To calculate the nominal steady-state operation of salient-pole synchronous machines and their static characteristics (no-load, angular, V-shaped, regulatory, and external), a mathematical model has been developed. Its computer implementation enhances the technical and economic performance of synchronous pole machines. During the creation of the mathematical model, the following assumptions were made: the magnetic field of the machine is conditionally divided into a working field and scattered fields; the magnetic field of the machine is flat and parallel; the magnetic field in the active layer has only a radial component, while in the stator and rotor yokes, only a tangential one; the winding conductors are located in an infinitely thin layer and distributed along the slot according to a harmonic law; losses in the steel are absent. To create the mathematical model of salient-pole synchronous machine, a system of equations for the electrical and magnetic state is formulated. To obtain equations with coefficients independent of the rotor position, the coordinate transformation method (transformation to the dq0 rectangular coordinate system stationary with respect to the rotor) was employed.Явнополюсні синхронні машини (ЯСМ) займають одне з найважливіших місць як в генеруванні, так і споживанні електричної енергії. Сучасні досягнення під час проектування, виробництва та експлуатації ЯСМ є наслідком успішних звершень в галузях технології електромашинобудування, напівпровідникової техніки та математичного моделювання. Для розрахунку номінального усталеного режиму роботи ЯСМ та статичних характеристик (неробочого ходу, кутової, V-подібної, регулювальної і зовнішньої) розроблена математична модель, реалізація якої на комп'ютері дозволяє покращити техніко-економічні показники явнополюсних синхронних машин. Під час створення математичної моделі прийняті наступні допущення – магнітне поле машини умовно розділене на робоче поле та поля розсіяння; магнітне поле машини плоско паралельне; магнітне поле в активному шарі має тільки радіальну складову, а в ярмах статора й ротора – тільки тангенціальну; провідники обмоток розташовані у нескінченно тонкому шарі і розподілені вздовж розточки за гармонічним законом; втрати в сталі відсутні. Для створення математичної моделі ЯСМ записана система рівнянь електричного та магнітного стану. Щоб отримати рівняння, коефіцієнти яких не залежатимуть від положення ротора, використаний метод перетворення координат (перетворення до нерухомої відносно ротора прямокутної системи координат dq0)
Значення концепції стійкого розвитку в діяльності енергетичних компаній
Full text linkSustainable development of energy enterprises is aimed at consistent transformations that ensure effective and sustainable development of the country's energy sector. It covers sustainable changes in industries and enterprises of the fuel and energy complex, which plays a key systemic role. The article analyzes the activities of energy sector enterprises and identifies their specifics in the context of achieving sustainable development goals. The purpose of this article is to study the essence of sustainable development of the energy sector and analyze methodological approaches to its assessment. The concept of "sustainable energy development" is considered at three levels: state, sectoral and at the level of energy enterprises. The authors offer their own vision of sustainable energy development for each of these levels. The article also analyzes methodological approaches used in world practice to assess sustainable energy development, focusing exclusively on the state level. The following methods were used in the study: analysis and synthesis - for a detailed study of the basic principles of the functioning of the energy sector; induction and deduction - for an in-depth analysis of the features of its activities in the context of achieving sustainable development goals. In addition, a graphical method was used, which allows us to clearly present the results obtained and demonstrate the key conclusions of the study. The combination of these approaches ensures the complexity and structure of the analysis. It was found that sustainability is inherent in such systems that, under the influence of external and internal factors, retain their basic characteristics and properties. To eliminate imbalances in development and achieve proportionality, the structure of the system must be flexible, adaptive and have the potential for continuous improvement. An important role in ensuring the sustainability and integrity of the energy system is played by the integration and interdependence of its elements, as well as their ability to effectively self-regulate.Сталий розвиток енергетичних підприємств спрямований на послідовні трансформації, які забезпечують ефективний і сталий розвиток енергетичної сфери країни. Він охоплює сталі зміни в галузях і на підприємствах паливно-енергетичного комплексу, який виконує ключову системну роль. У статті проаналізовано діяльність підприємств енергетичного сектора та визначено їх специфіку у контексті досягнення цілей сталого розвитку. Метою цієї статті є дослідження сутності сталого розвитку енергетичної сфери та аналіз методичних підходів до його оцінювання. Розглянуто концепцію "сталого розвитку енергетики" на трьох рівнях: державному, галузевому та на рівні енергетичних підприємств. Автори пропонують власне бачення сталого розвитку енергетики для кожного з цих рівнів. У статті також проаналізовано методичні підходи, що використовуються у світовій практиці для оцінки сталого розвитку енергетики, зосереджуючись виключно на державному рівні. У дослідженні використано такі методи: аналіз і синтез – для детального вивчення основних принципів функціонування енергетичної сфери; індукція та дедукція – для глибокого аналізу особливостей її діяльності в умовах досягнення цілей сталого розвитку. Крім того, застосовано графічний метод, який дозволяє наочно представити отримані результати та продемонструвати ключові висновки дослідження. Поєднання цих підходів забезпечує комплексність і структурованість проведеного аналізу. З'ясовано, що стійкість притаманна таким системам, які під впливом зовнішніх та внутрішніх чинників зберігають свої основні характеристики та властивості. Для усунення дисбалансів у розвитку та досягнення пропорційності структура системи повинна бути гнучкою, адаптивною та мати потенціал для постійного вдосконалення. Важливу роль у забезпеченні сталості та цілісності енергетичної системи відіграє інтеграція та взаємозалежність її елементів, а також їх здатність до ефективного саморегулювання