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crisscrossing Science Episode 120: Animal Toxins
No full textIn this episode, Mike Crosser (professor of physics at Linfield University) and Chad Tillberg (professor of biology at Linfield University) talk about animal toxins (venoms and poisons), how nature has developed many different kinds, and how they can be used as medicine
Weather and Climate Summary and Forecast: January 2021 Report
Get PDFThis report provides a summary of the weather and climate forecast for January 2021. It includes forecast information specific to the Pacific Northwest and the western United States, as well as forecast information for other portions of the United States and abroad
Vintage 2020: Umpqua Valley Reference Vineyard Report
Get PDFThis report describes the impacts of climate and phenology on vintage for the Umpqua Valley in Oregon in 2020. A mild and dry winter in 2019-20 was followed by a dry growing season continuing the ongoing drought concerns for Oregon and the majority of the western US. The spring was relatively cool in the Umpqua Valley with mild frosts into mid-April, then followed by wide swings between early season heat then cool, wet conditions leading up to and during flowering. The result was widespread issues with fruit set leading to generally high amounts of shatter, smaller berries and clusters for many in the region. Heat stress during the summer was moderate, leading into what looked like a decent September weatherwise until the Labor Day extreme wind event, which was followed by catastrophic fires and smoke for days. Growing degree-day totals for the Umpqua Valley in 2020 ended up moderately higher than the previous vintage and above the average of the last 15 years. Across sites and varieties in the region the phenological timing averaged April 14th for bud break, June 11th for bloom, August 18th for véraison, and October 2nd for harvest. Growers reported generally low disease pressure, relatively low pest pressure, variable bird pressure with greatest impact at higher elevation and for late picked varieties, and a harvest that presented very good quality fruit at moderate to substantially lower yields due to bloom to fruit set weather conditions
The Relationship between Fungi and Tree Recruitment in Urban Forests
No full textIn 1993, I began doing research at 25 permanent study plots in Forest Park in Portland, Oregon. In 2003 and 2013, I found high tree mortality in Forest Park including seedlings and saplings. I added three control sites in the Mount Hood National Forest in 2013, which showed significantly lower numbers of young trees (recruitment) in the urban forest than at rural sites. Soil analysis showed deeper O horizons, higher C/N ratios, and higher soil respiration at more rural sites. My hypothesis is that nitrogenous air pollution at urban sites is affecting mycorrhizal fungi that should be associated with trees. Last summer, two students and I collected and identified macrofungal fruiting bodies (i.e., mushrooms) at my sites, and we noted characteristics associated with them. We also set up an iNaturalist site so citizen scientists could become involved.
We identified 40 genera of mushrooms; citizen scientists using iNaturalist identified 48 (note they collected all year whereas we only collected in the summer). We found more mushrooms per site in the old growth and National Forest areas than in Forest Park; we also found the greatest percent of mycorrhizal mushrooms in the National Forest where there is less nitrogenous air pollution. Neither of these findings were significant, however we had a low sample size and only a few months of data collection. The data from iNaturalist showed similar trends. We intend to continue the study this coming summer to increase our sample size and to compare our mushroom results to soil chemistry data from 2019
Linfield Forensics (Speech and Debate) Showcase: Debate
No full textThis presentation is a shortened debate arguing whether or not Linfield should require all students, staff, and professors to get a COVID-19 vaccine
Relationship Between Thermal Conductivity and Free Electrons in Metal
Get PDFAn experiment was designed and conducted to explore the relationship between thermal conductivity with free electrons in metal. In the experiment, copper, iron, aluminum, and titanium rods with close diameters were used to carry out the experiment. Each rod was heated up by a heat unit at one end while cooled on the other end with a heat sink to maintain a steady state. DC current was applied to rods in the direction along, as well as against, the heat flow. Thermal conductivities were measured in these two situations for each rod. Results showed electrons do dominate thermal flow inside metal
Tsongkhapa as Dzokchenpa: Nyingma Discourses and Geluk Sources
Get PDFTsongkhapa as Dzokchenpa: Nyingma Discourses and Geluk Sources
Despite their frequent depiction as polar opposites, the Nyingma and Geluk tradiitons of Tibetan Buddhism have important and sometimes surprising points of connection. The focus of this article is the Geluk founder Tsongkhapa’s (1357–1419) relation to Nyingma teachers, doctrines, and practices. My more specific concern is to examine a particular, relatively long-standing Nyingma discourse suggesting that Tsongkhapa was a crypto-Dzokchenpa. The main “proof-text” for this claim is The Garland of Supreme Medicinal Nectar, which records questions about Dzokchen posed by Tsongkhapa to the buddha/bodhisattva Vajrapāṇi through the medium of his Nyingma teacher Lodrak Namkha Gyaltsen (or Lekyi Dorjé, 1326–1401), and the answers conveyed by Lekyi Dorjé. The dialogue covers questions about the purity, nature, categories, and potential pitfalls of the practice of the Great Perfection. Here, I (a) outline some Nyingma claims about Tsongkhapa’s enthusiasm for (or even partiality to) Dzokchen and his relation to Padmasambhava, (b) discuss the contents of the Garland of Supreme Medicinal Nectar and two other Lekyi Dorjé-related texts, (c) set the Garland and the shorter texts within the context of Tsongkhapa’s overall corpus and projects, (d) reflect on the perspectives of later Gelukpa masters who are taken by Nyingmapas to confirm Tsongkhapa’s partiality to Dzokchen, and (e) offer a concluding assessment of the validity, function, and import of the Nyingma claims to the effect that Tsongkhapa was a crypto-Dzokchenpa, finding the textual evidence to be weak, but the discourse itself to be religiously significant
The Butte
Get PDFThis presentation provides a synopsis of my senior thesis: my goals, the process, and the inspiration
Gender Transformations in Chinese Culture: The Case of Taiwanese Buddhist Nuns
No full textThis presentation is composed of bibliographic research selected to support Dr. Hillary Crane’s ethnographic work studying the gender transformations of Taiwanese Buddhist nuns, and the cultural context behind their initiative to become men. In exploring the context behind symbolic gender reversal, several aspects of Asian history and culture are taken into consideration, from influential religious texts to societal duties. These readings provide insight into the fluidity of sex in Buddhism as well as the correlation between gender identity and familial roles in Chinese society, both of which act as an influence on the nuns\u27 perception of gender.
The following research also explores linguistic anthropology, supporting Crane’s argument that language and metaphors play a role in gender identity models and gender transformation. These ideas are explored in the context of Chinese culture through scholarship on the legend of Mulan and the term da zhangfu, both of which have historically influenced the practice of women becoming “honorary men” once they adopt male roles in society
Compassion and Merit in Early Buddhism with the Focus on the Aṅguttara Nikāya and the Ekottarika Āgama
Get PDFOf the four Nikāyas in Pali and the four Āgamas in Chinese, the numerical collections, i.e. the Aṅguttara Nikāya and the Ekottarika Āgama, are the most adaptable and considerate of individual needs according to ancient Indian/Chinese and modern American monks. Therefore, these two collections contain a considerable proportion of suttas/sūtras that are closely connected with the notion of compassion (karuṇā/anukampā). These two collections include many suttas addressed to Buddhists dealing with the ethical and spiritual concerns of life within the world, and thus involves the issues of merit (puñña). In this study I have illustrated the significant but often underestimated position of compassion with merit in early Buddhist doctrine. The soteriological function of compassion associated with merit is expounded in the early suttas/sūtras, particularly those in the Aṅguttara Nikāya and the Ekottarika Āgama. On the other hand, many discourses in these two collections reify great compassion by extending Buddhist concern from monastics to the laity, caring for all beings’ worldly welfare based on an ethical system of merit