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The Micro-scale and Macro-scale Changes of Rocky Subtidal Communities Following the Outbreak of Sea Star Wasting Syndrome
No full textIn 2014, Sea Star Wasting Syndrome (SSWS) killed ~90% of sea star populations on the Oregon coast. Sea stars, such as Pisaster ochraceus, are keystone predators in benthic communities known to impact the abundance of other organisms. Communities in Netarts Bay and Yaquina Bay were studied to examine changes within macro-scale and micro-scale benthic communities. To assess micro-scale changes, we used sponge tissue samples collected in 2012 and 2013, before SSWS, and tissue samples from 2021, following SSWS recovery. We analyzed bacterial communities of these tissues using high throughput sequencing and microbiome bioinformatics analyses. Macro-scale changes were assessed using video transects taken at both sites nearly annually since 2011 to monitor changes in abundance of higher order taxonomic groups. Percent coverages of these groups were calculated using CPCe 4.1. Interestingly, microbiomes were not significantly different between pre-SSWS and post-SSWS samples. Our qualitative observations of the benthic community suggests that there were differences before, during, and after SSWS, but our quantitative analysis has high variability in the data with a few significant differences. Though the micro-scale community was stable, macro-scale changes did occur throughout the years, with the sudden decline of sea star populations via SSWS as the most likely cause
What is the Optimal Insulator Thickness for Maximizing Output Voltages of Lithium-Ion Battery Cells Within a Cold Environment?
No full textLithium batteries only operate optimally within a moderate temperature range, which changes based upon charge/discharge temperatures. These temperatures are roughly 0 – 45 degrees Celsius, which means in many areas of the world, newer technology, specifically, electric cars are not a viable option in the winter. With where technology and climate control efforts are going, making these electric vehicles optimized for colder weather will be important work in the present and future. If Lithium batteries can be optimized, that would mean more efficiency and less waste from longer lasting battery cells
The Writing Center Efficiency: An Analysis and Demographic Insight
No full textThe research we did surrounding the efficiency of the writing center along with the performing analysis to better understand the demographic information. we obtained multiple sets of diverse data from multiple sources that allowed us to detail many aspects of writing center performance. we performed a critical analysis of writing assessment performance to see how inquiry classes impacted students\u27 writing ability. furthermore, we cross-referenced performance scores with a variety of demographics to illustrate how different factors impacted writing score performance. Finally, we build a web application in the R programming language to allow a user to build thousands of responsive, on-demand graphs with a plethora of factor
Salaries of Major League Baseball Infielders
No full textThis paper estimates a Major League Baseball infielders\u27 salary for the 2024 season as a function of home runs, slugging percentage, their signing bonus, fielding percentage, batting average, rookie status, American League or National League, and their position on the infield. The data for these variables were collected from various sources. We observe that Major League Baseball is running their organization using standard hedonic price models and pay athletes for more desirable attributes. We also commonly observe many other sports organizations using this structure, as fans are willing to pay more to see a player that has better attributes. The dependent variable is an infielders’ salary. For the purpose of this research infielders are defined as a first baseman, second baseman, shortstop, and third baseman. An econometric regression analysis was run using these variables to estimate the salaries of Major League Baseball infielders. The results from this regression come out that only home runs, fielding percentage, and rookie status were significant at at least the 10% level. The model with only the significant variables came out to be the most accurate model for estimating their salary. Theoretically, an infielder can plug their statistics for those variables from 2023 into this model and estimate their salary for the upcoming 2024 season
Rela&onship Between the Height of Graphene and Its Adhesion Value
Get PDFTwo-dimensional materials, such as graphene, have remarkable proper&es. As one of the thinnest, strongest, and most conduc&ve materials known to humanity, graphene holds promise for revolu&onizing numerous technological applica&ons. These applica&ons all require different numbers of layers of graphene. However, with graphene being so thin it is difficult to quickly determine how many layers there are. By using an adhesion value and a height value of graphene one may be able to iden&fy the number of layers more accurately
A Sunny Day in Mallorca
No full textA Sunny Day in Mallorca, taken by Grace Swinth on the Linfield University Semester Abroad Program in Spain. Photo taken in Islas Baleareas, Mallorca, Cala d\u27Or, Spain. 2nd place, Landscape division, in the 2025 Linfield University Study Abroad Photo Contest.https://digitalcommons.linfield.edu/intl_photos2025/1006/thumbnail.jp
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Get PDFPhoto of Mack, the Wildcat mascot entering Linfield University stadium on the back of a motorcycle
Culture & Society in Ecuador and the United States
Get PDFWhile still in the midst of their study abroad experiences, students at Linfield University write reflective essays. Their essays address issues of cultural similarity and difference, compare lifestyles, mores, norms, and habits between their host countries and home, and examine changes in perceptions about their host countries and the United States. In this essay, Kai Szostak describes observations during their study abroad program at the Galapagos Academic Institute for the Arts and Sciences in Ecuador