Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN - International University of Sarajevo)
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Finite element approach to simulate performance of multiple-opening reinforced concrete beams
Get PDFThis paper presents a comparison designed to manipulate performance characteristics of ten reinforced concrete beams with and without openings under a single monotonic maximum stress at mid-span, depending on the configuration and size of the openings, using the ABAQUS/CAE finite element approach package. The cross-section, arrangement, and opening sizes of all the beams were identical to those of the test beams. The goal of the experimental comparison was to check that all simulation processes were proper and adequate. The numerical analysis results showed that in terms of the failure load, there was a 94 percent agreement between experimentally tested and numerical analysis results. In addition, it was shown that concentrated shear stresses at the corners of the openings causing the failure of the posts between the openings. The numerical study revealed that the influence of increasing main longitudinal steel reinforcement by 28% and 44% more efficient to enhance the ultimate load capacity by rates of 7.61% and 9.61%, respectively, compared to increasing the compressive strength of the beams by 24 %, which led to increasing the ultimate load capacity by 3.72%. Therefore, from the standpoint of difficulty and timesaving, the finite element approach is a very dependable technique for investigating the nonlinear behavior of beams with many apertures
Evaluation the influence of steel-fiber on the concrete characteristics
Get PDFThe impact of steel fibers on the engineering characteristics of concretes were explored experimentally in this work. Steel fibers of 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 percent by volume fraction were applied to concretes mixture with water/cements (W/C) proportions of 0.43 to accomplish this. There has been a total of 24 cubic specimens produced for compressive strengths testing, 24 cylindrical specimens for splitting tension strengths testing, and 12 cubic specimens for toughened unit weight testing. The experimental findings reveal that applying 0.5 percent to 0.9 percent of fibers made of steel to concrete boosts both compressive and tension strengths concurrently when compared to ordinary concretes; however, there is no discernible gain in hardened unit weight with increased fiber amounts
Effect of stirrup, longitudinal reinforcement and steel fibers ratios on the torsional behavior of high strength concrete beams
Get PDFMany factors affect the torsional behavior of reinforced concrete beams, such as concrete strength, section dimensions, aspect ratio and concrete cover. Improvements in the torsional behavior of RC members had led researchers to investigate the effect of additional factors such as steel fibers, torsional reinforcement ratio and reinforcement arrangement. Based on the above, there is a gap in previous studies in taking effect of the distribution of stirrups with longitudinal reinforcement steel with steel fibers. Twenty-six reinforced concrete beams 250 mm wide, 250 mm high and 1150 mm long are investigated under pure torsion. Consider the effect of the steel fiber ratio, stirrup ratio and the longitudinal reinforcement ratio of high strength concrete. The results show the behavior of the concrete changing from brittle to ductile when increasing the ratio of the steel fiber registering the maximum torsional ductility index (3.98). The increase in the percentage of steel fiber to 6% caused a 105% increase in torque, but it was a slight increase in torque with respect to the percentage of steel fibers 2%. The optimum ratio of the steel fiber is 2% in terms of increased torque and workability, as it gave an increase in torque which reached 98.8%. Increasing the percentage of the stirrups to 2.5%, while the percentage of longitudinal reinforcement and the percentage of steel fiber was fixed, which led to an increase in torque which reached 130.4%. Increasing the percentage of the longitudinal reinforcement to 50%, while the percentage of stirrups and the percentage of steel fiber was fixed, which led to an increase in torque which reached 66.9%
Evaluation of the behavior of tanks under seismic load
Get PDFThe unstable reaction of structures could be influenced by evaluating the behavior of tanks under seismic loads using research of soil-structure interaction. Because fluid limit tanks are important structures that can continue to function even in the face of severe earthquakes, their unstable behavior should be examined. Similarly, under unstable tremor ground upgrades, the unstable reaction of liquid limit tanks placed on 0.5 area soil is investigated. To improve correlation, the six considered ground enhancements are divided into bundles based on their beat like properties, dubbed turn off and shut accuse ground enhancements. The acquired ground mass-spring represent is used to signal up the liquid limit tanks, and the liquid is displayed as lumped lots termed sloshing and flying, and furthermore exploiting paired springs and dashpots is how the fluid and structure are linked. Using a connected spring and dashpot, the impact of Soil Structure Interaction is also considered. Aside from that, four soil types are commonly used to identify a wide range of soil attributes. To date, the mat lab writing computer programs has been used to invigorate the time history reactions in the aftermath of social gathering the stages of development. Due to its significant heap, the sloshing (or convective) voidance is not troubled by such effects, even though the Soil Structure Interaction influence causes a reduction in rush relocation, falling small and standardized base shear
Selection of materials for camshafts
Get PDFSurface hardening heat treatment is applied to make the interior of the part softer, but the exterior harder and more wear-resistant. This surface hardening method is particularly useful in power-transmitting parts such as camshafts or ring gears where a hard outer surface is required. Surface hardening processes are divided into thermochemical processes (changing the composition of the surface with carbon, nitrogen and boron) and rapid quenching from the austenite area to form martensite. In this study, materials selection for camshafts is reviewed and candidates from cast irons and steels are criticized and classical and computer-based methods are employed for the best selection
Performance of a local signalized intersection for handling traffic operation in Baghdad City
Get PDFThe inspection of the flexibility and performance of a local signalized intersection in managing traffic op-eration in Baghdad city is the main target of this study. Andalus intersection is one of the important local intersections in Bagdad city which recorded remarkable traffic congestion problem now a days and have been chosen in this study as a part of continuous studies due to its vital location. Smart Traffic Analysis (STA) software is used to give an aspect to the inefficient performance of the Andalus signalized intersec-tion having three approached links and four exit legs while SYNCHRO software is used to simulate the data analysis and offer different alternative solutions to solve the congestion problem. From the obtained data analysis it has been found that the best suggested alteration for handling the current traffic volume of each studied intersection approach is the signalized intersection with optimum cycle time combined with the ad-dition of two lanes, where the mean delay for the entire intersection can be reduced by approximately 26% by applying alteration No.1 while the mean delay for the entire intersection can be reduce approximately by 31% by applying alteration No.2. Furthermore, the queue length for the entire intersection can be reducing by approximately 6% and 17% for alteration No.1 and No.2 respectively
The role of augmented reality in revitalizing the tourist space of the built heritage via perception
Get PDFSuccessive Technological innovations have provided new possibilities for activating tourism in the built heritage sites. Augmented reality (AR) technology is considered is emerging as one of the technologies wit-nessing great demand from the authorities concerned with the places of built heritage. Therefore, there is a need to study this technology and its potential to improve the perception of the tourist space in order to acti-vate it in tourism where this topic was not covered in previous studies. The aim of the research is to develop a theoretical framework that explains the perceptual aspect of augmented reality and its role in revitalizing the tourist space of the built heritage. The research thus goes to review previous studies on the relationship between built heritage and augmented reality technology, then it presents the basic concepts about revitaliz-ing the tourist space and the perceptual aspects of augmented reality technology, indicators of the conceptual framework are extracted and discussed. The framework represents a tool in enhancing the design and con-struction of augmented reality models for the built heritage, as well as the possibility of using it to assess the perceptual aspect of these models with the aim of revitalizing the tourist space
Optical nonlinear impairment compensation based on Deep Neural Network (DNN) for coherent modulation systems
Get PDFOne and most important of the intrinsic challenges facing the optical fibers communication systems and main restriction to limited the system capacity is the fiber nonlinearity impairments. Classical Nonlinear Impairments Compensation (NLC) techniques are widely used and exist on the basis of the approximate Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation (NLSE) solution, their use and requires excessive signal resources, and high-level knowledge accuracy. In addition, their parameterizations can be numerically unstable. Algorithms of Artificial Intelligence (AI) are utilized to determine and resolve the deficiencies by learning from the receiving information itself. To the best of our knowledge, this novel approach is implemented. Therefore, this article proposes a system nonlinearity and single-step compensation algorithm according to a Deep Neural Network (DNN) as a new alternative framework for future optical communications. So, we proposed to use the DNN to compensation the nonlinearity impairments in optical communication systems. The suggested DNN is accessible to higher-order QAM modulations with achieving greater gain in nonlinear impairments compensation compare to classical NLC techniques based on Digital Back Propagation (DBP). Its performance is evaluated experimentally on coherent 65536-bit sequence length with 25 Gbaud single polarization 4-16-64 QAM with 50 and 120 Gb/s back-to-back measurements through using pre-distort symbols at the transmitter for showing Q factor development after 5000 km standard single-mode fiber transmission link. The DNN\u27s weights are to train data with the intrachannel cross-phase modulation (XPM) and self-phase modulation (SPM) that used as input features
High occupancy vehicle lane as per the buses flow rate and passenger trips
Get PDFMobility Demand Management initiatives are seen globally as a solution to the elimination of pollution and daily effects in off-road regions. In order to allow improvements on attainable comfort, such steps must have an effect. The High Occupancy Driver Carpool Lane is one of the TDM steps. HOV lanes are not utilized, with 81% of HOV locaters resulting streams under1400 vehicles per track during the PM peak hour strategy. This research is fitting in the Pune and Mumbai districts of India. HOV channels bear a 20 percent cap levy, reaching the highest advancement of 1600 Vphpl at 45 mph over the most drastic stream over 2000 Vphpl at 60 mph as a general justification for GP routes. HOV lanes deliver no investment funds for driving time. In general, HOV lanes decrease considerably as the usually helpful pathways are enabled to be clogged. In spite of these discoveries, HOV offices can take on a valuable job in the framework of all-around supervision of the expressway in India. Basically, where there is a meaning, they will be useful
Forward error correction in 5G heterogeneous network
Get PDFIn this research, the feasibility of developing a complete polar FEC chain of 5th generation cellular mobile communication standard in software. Specifically, on general purpose processors. Paperwork attempts to achieve stringent latency requirements through software, algorithmic and platform specific optimizations. Many algorithms in FEC chain are optimized for hardware implementations. Direct implementation of these algorithms in software results in poor performance. To obtain best performance in terms of latency on general purpose processors, these algorithms are modified or reformulated to suit processor architecture and software implementation. Initially both encoding and decoding FEC chains are implemented naively without any optimization. Code profiling is performed on this naive implementation to identify the significant latency contributors. The research split algorithms of significant latency contributing components into primitive operations. These primitive operations are optimized either with software optimizations or mapped to specialized functional units of a general-purpose processor to achieve best performance using CRC calculation in 5G cellular networks. Optimizations reduced the worst-case latency of the encoding FEC chain from 158µs which is more than 10x reduction in latency with communication rate