Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN - International University of Sarajevo)
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Peculiarities of teaching art in the era of digital technologies: challenges and opportunities
Get PDFThe modern digitalization of the educational process in art teaching is a relevant topic for research. The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of teaching art in the time of active use of digital technologies, the challenges and opportunities of this process in further use. To achieve this task, scientific methods of comparison and content analysis of scientific literature were used. A survey of 77 students (bachelor\u27s, master\u27s, and PhD students) who studied art with the use of modern digital technologies was also conducted. The results show that modern digital technologies are used at least several times a week. Important tools are virtual and augmented reality technologies, multimedia, and digital resources. Artistic digital platforms for creation or modeling allow the use of various digital tools to create new works or explore new styles. The problems are described: untimely access to technology, lack of personal interaction, lack of practical skills, certain limitations in the use of creativity, and the need for self-discipline. The conclusions summarize the general tendency to deepen the use of digital technologies in art education
Strategies to strengthen cybersecurity for business resilience in the digital age
Get PDFGlobalisation has transformed the way people live, work, and interact. In recent decades, businesses of all sizes have been profoundly affected by exponential computer, network, and data storage technology advances. Virtually all industries, from the healthcare to the automotive sector, have integrated digital technologies into their work. This phenomenon is called digitalisation, the drive to connect real-world objects and people virtually and digitally. Digitalisation has unleashed new and exciting opportunities and created particular and unique threats and challenges. One such challenge, which has garnered significant attention, is cybersecurity. This paper should be a primer for business people to understand cybersecurity. Businesses of all sizes and functions will find it necessary to incorporate some digital footprint into their company. The inability to embrace digitalisation will relegate many businesses to obsolescence. However, given the proneness of the digital sector to hacking attacks, and having recognised that 60% of companies that undergo a significant cyberattack go under within 6 months, digitalised entrepreneurs must carefully deliberate the how-to constitution cyber-business strategies and models. Adopting a descriptive analysis method, this paper should be viewed as a primer for business people who need to start thinking about the cyber-security of their company, brand, or business models or for students and researchers intrigued by the subject
Using neural networks in predicting defects in electronics manufacturing processes
Get PDFThis study aims to develop a hybrid neural network model based on image and sensor data for defect prediction in electronics manufacturing. A hybrid model that combines CNN with MLP operates as a defect prediction system for electronics production lines by uniting data from image inputs with sensor outputs to boost predictive accuracy levels. Defect data is obtained from a simulated Surface Mount Technology (SMT) production line through experimental methods, while Adam optimizer and Categorical Cross-Entropy loss function perform the model optimization process. The proposed model demonstrates a 94.7% accuracy rate, which exceeds SVM (85.3%) and Decision Tree (82.1%) results while generating an AUC score of 0.96 to validate its high defect classification performance. The research demonstrates the value of multi-modal defect analysis for automated quality control, but existing issues on real-time deployment and computational efficiency require further improvement
Cutting tools and applications
Get PDFCutting tools are one of the basic elements of modern industrial production, providing high efficiency and precision in machining different materials. This article examines the basic materials such as high-speed steels, stellites, hard metals and cermets, which are frequently used in cutting tool technologies, and their applications in machining processes. High speed steels (HSS) are preferred in a wide range of applications due to their superior wear resistance and impact resistance. These steels, enhanced with alloying elements such as carbon, vanadium and molybdenum, are widely used in machine tools operating at low speeds. Stellites are generally cobalt-based alloys that stand out with their high hardness and corrosion resistance. These materials are preferred in special applications by maintaining wear resistance even at high temperatures. Hard metals consist of components such as tungsten carbide (WC) and offer excellent performance at high cutting speeds. These materials are widely used in sectors requiring precision machining such as automotive and aerospace. Cermets are a combination of ceramic and metal phases and combine high hardness with chemical stability. It is especially preferred in applications where fine stock removal and surface quality are important. As a result, each cutting tool material offers specific advantages and limitations depending on the application requirements. The right material selection optimizes tool life and workpiece surface quality while increasing production efficiency
Innovative educational technologies as a factor in ensuring the quality of training for teachers of Russian language and literature
Get PDFThe goal of this paper was to analyse the effectiveness of integrating innovative educational technologies for future teachers of Russian language and literature. A quasi-experimental design was used, involving 101 fourth-year students from the philology department of two leading pedagogical universities. To assess the impact of the digital modules, a combination of data collection tools was employed, including pre-tests and post-tests, Likert-scale questionnaires, structured interview protocols, and focus group interviews. These tools were self-developed, adapted, based on the objectives of the study. LingvoDesign and ReflexSim modules have been introduced into the professional training of future teachers of Russian language and literature in Kazakhstan. The results showed that the experimental group that used LingvoDesign was significantly more effective in mastering the teaching methodology (d = 1.23 Cohen), while ReflexSim improved pedagogical reflection (M = 4.3 vs. 3.6; p <0.001). Students also demonstrated better digital skills (M = 81.2 vs. 68.5; p <0.001) and reported greater independence in learning, adaptability, and motivation. Conclusion: the integration of innovative educational technologies significantly increases the professional, reflective, and digital competencies of future teachers of Russian language and literature
The impact of curriculum on student’s learning research
Get PDFThis study investigates the impact of curriculum design on student learning outcomes in secondary education in Jordan, an area that has seen limited research amidst ongoing curriculum reforms. Involving 158 teachers from both public and private schools in Amman, the research assessed five curriculum components, objectives, content, teaching methods, assessment, and flexibility, alongside four indicators of student learning: knowledge acquisition, motivation, critical thinking, and application skills. The findings revealed a strong reliability of the survey instrument and indicated a significant positive correlation between curriculum dimensions and student outcomes, with correlations ranging from r = 0.49 to r = 0.65 (p < 0.01). Notably, instructional methods showed the highest correlation with student engagement. The analysis demonstrated that curriculum components accounted for 69% of the variance in student learning outcomes, with effective instructional strategies having the most substantial impact. The results suggest that successful curriculum implementation in Jordan hinges on integrated and flexible designs that align goals, delivery, and assessment. The study has aims for prioritizing active learning strategies in future curriculum reform efforts for enhancing meaningful educational achievements at the secondary level
Relationship between force signal and superficial electromyographic signals associated to hand movements
Get PDFThe analysis of electromyographic signals is applied both to the diagnosis of pathologies and to the recogni-tion of movement patterns. Variables such as force and speed of movement are factors that affect the charac-teristics of the signals of surface electromyography (SMEG). The naturalness of the movements of the hand are also associated with strength and speed. Current work assessment 96 records of SEMG -Force). The objective was to obtain a linear model that would allow the relation of the force signal with the tone of the forearm SEMG signals. The work results show models at the determination coefficient R2 - median 0.78. The SEMG signal would contribute to the variation of the strength signal. However, there are appreciable differences in relation to the model in each type of hand movement
Structural behavior of reinforced concrete pre-stressed tapered beams
Get PDFThis research is focused on studying the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete prestressed (post-tensioned) tapered beams. The present study investigates the impact of compressive strength, prestressed reinforcement, and tapering ratio on flexural behavior. All tested beams have a total length equal to (2600mm) and a clear distance between supports equal to (2400mm), the width of the beam (250mm), and maintain the same amount of concrete volume. The experimental results showed that when a prestressed reinforcement changes from (one strand) for (two strands), this change will affect the prismatic beam, in which the first cracking and the ultimate load will be raised by (60% and 31.71%), respectively, and for a non-prismatic beam with tapering ratios of (1.5 and 2), the first cracking will increase by (12.5% and 2.63%) also the maximum load raised by (28.3% and 31.03%). The failure mode was flexural for all tested beams with crushing in the compression zone. This paper simulated a numerical analysis of experimentally tested specimens using a nonlinear finite element technique (ABAQUS/CAE 2021 software). The numerical outcomes revealed a good correlation compared with the results of the experimental study
Online compulsive buying addiction: A study on university students in light of some variables
Get PDFThe study aimed to identify the level of electronic compulsive buying among Saudi university students and the differences in their compulsive buying based on several relevant variables. A descriptive approach was used to achieve the objectives of the study. The study sample consisted of (328) male and female students, who were selected in the available way. The study results showed that the level of compulsive buying among students was moderate. The results showed an apparent variation in the arithmetic means and standard deviations of the level of compulsive buying attributed to the variables (academic stage, economic level, number of times exposed to electronic fraud). The results showed no statistically significant differences attributed to the effect of (gender, specialization, and type of communication media used). The results also showed that the economic level and the academic stage were predictors of compulsive buying among university students. Compulsive electronic purchasing among university students is widespread among both genders and in various majors due to the ability to shop electronically via Internet applications. Therefore, university counselors\u27 efforts must focus on students\u27 motivations for compulsive behaviors, including compulsive buying, to reduce these behaviors and spread awareness among students and their parents about the danger of compulsive thoughts and behaviors such as compulsive shopping
Sentiment analysis in Arabic panic detection systems in Iraq
Get PDFThe internet’s prevalence has increased the use of social media platforms for sharing peoples’ views, reviews, opinions, and sentiments. Consequently, sentiment analysis has become valuable to marketing, brand management, public policy, healthcare, and e-commerce. Panic detection systems refer to a system that utilizes sentiment analysis techniques to identify, quantify, and potentially track expressions of panic, fear, or related strong negative emotions within digital content. Sentiment analysis application can indicate a person’s attitude or cultural influences. The rise of Arabic digital content on social platforms presents unique challenges and opportunities for sentiment analysis. There are fewer Arabic sentiment lexicons, emotional connotations, and annotated corpora than in English. Therefore, this study applies machine learning and deep learning to identify sentiments within the IRAQI-Arabic panic detection systems. The proposed model is based on Residual Network (ResNet), MobileNet, and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). A web scraping API collected COVID-19-related news from Google, Facebook, Twitter, and BBC News. The model used was retrained on the images and comments based on training, public, and private sub-sets. Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) were applied across SMOTE, Random oversampling, five-folds, and ten folds. The results show that the accuracy of BERT is 91%. The proposed MobileNet model had an accuracy of 0.98, recall of 0.98, and MAE of 0.032. The model’s performance confirms that it is suitable for critical applications that require high-level precision. The study offers a novel model for Arabic panic systems. Also, it presents an Iraqi-Arabic dataset tailored for panic detection.