The Scientific Journal of Rezeknes Augstskola
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STUDY ON WAGE DIFFERENCES BY GENDERS IN LATVIA
Full text linkWage is one of the indicators that can be used to evaluate the observance of gender equality. Wage is also one of the factors that determine the level of well-being of the society, the quality of the labor force and the overall purchasing power in the country. The article provides a general description of wages as an indicator and conducts a study of the indicators characterizing wages in the regions. Latgale is the only region in which the gross salary of women was 0.2 % higher than the average gross salary of men in the first quarter of 2021
TRANSITION OF MINORITY SCHOOLS TO TEACHING IN THE STATE LANGUAGE: THE CASE OF POLISH SCHOOLS IN LATGALE
Full text linkThe article examines the Latvian language learning process 1990-2024 in Polish minority schools in Latgale, namely Rezekne Polish State Gymnasium, Daugavpils J. Piłsudski State Polish Gymnasium, Polish primary school named after the Counts Platers in Kraslava. The linguistic attitude of the Polish minority towards Latvian as the state language is emphasized, not only in the school context, but also in the context of the Latgale region. The research was conducted using data obtained in interviews with Latvian language and literature teachers, school principals and acting principal (Krāslava) and content analysis of school documentation. Attention is also drawn to the regulatory enactments, which include the role of the teacher and the Latvian language as a linguistic element in the student\u27s everyday life. In the course of the work, issues related to the transition to education only in the national language were brought up, because September 1, 2024 marks the second year since the introduction and implementation of the "United School" reform in Latvian state educational institutions
ENHANCING THE PAYMENT SYSTEM IN UZBEKISTAN
Full text linkPurpose and aim of the study: To explore Uzbekistan\u27s payment system and make suggestions for improving the payment system of Uzbekistan. Design / Methodology / Approach: The research employed the following methods: descriptive and logical construction were used for reviewing and analyzing research papers and other information sources, as well as for scientific discussion. The graphic method was applied to better represent and compare the research results. Main Findings: Modern payment systems are an important part of the global economy. The payment system in Uzbekistan is changing as a result of legislative changes and the growing use of digital payments. To reduce fraud and boost security in Uzbekistan\u27s payment system, it is essential to use cutting-edge technology and strong legal frameworks. The integration of artificial intelligence in Uzbekistan\u27s payment systems offers immense potential for improving fraud detection, transaction efficiency, and customer experience. Reducing cash circulation and promoting digital payments are critical for modernizing Uzbekistan\u27s economy. Originality: The research makes strategic recommendations that should increase customer trust in Uzbekistan\u27s financial services industry and promote economic development. By putting these policies in place, the financial services industry can become stronger and more inclusive, which will improve the economy\u27s stability and vibrancy.Implications: The research provides a basis for further research on possibilities of improvement of payment systems
FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF UNIVERSITY BY CANDIDATES
Full text linkThe presence of non-public schools on the polish higher education market has led to increased competition and constituted a fundamental incentive to introduce marketing management in universities, both public and private. The educational services market is dominated by price competition, supported by promotional activities. Image and price are the two most important reasons for taking up studies at a given university, and the image is a particularly important source of building a university\u27s competitive advantage. However, between public and private universities in Poland, there are significant differences in terms of image structure. The aim of this article is to examine what identity factors are decisive for candidates, what sources of information about the university were most important for candidates
PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF REHABILITATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN COMMUNITY DURING WARTIME
Full text linkIn the article, the problem of increasing the effectiveness of rehabilitation of persons with disabilities in the community in wartime conditions is updated and substantiated at the theoretical, legal, and empirical levels. On the basis of a focus group survey, the importance and failure to fully realize the problems of rehabilitation of persons with disabilities in the community in wartime conditions were proven. It was established that according to the opinion of persons with disabilities and their parents, the problems of rehabilitation of persons with disabilities are solved to a greater extent by local authorities and local self-government bodies, social services and health care institutions, etc.; there is a need to create a permanent supportive and developmental environment in the community; there is a problem in the organization of work, employment, opportunities to get to work; a violation of the feeling of security is noted, there is a feeling of powerlessness, irritation, misunderstanding of the nearest prospects; fixed need to be listened to and heard, to regularly communicate with specialists. The foreign and Ukrainian experience of psychosocial aspects of increasing the effectiveness of rehabilitation of persons with disabilities in the community is analysed. The author\u27s social project "Different and Equal" is proposed, aimed at improving the efficiency of providing rehabilitation services to persons with disabilities in the community in wartime conditions. The main feature of this social project is that it is maximally focused on integrating the efforts of community members, persons with disabilities and their family members to promote social adaptation, strengthening the resources of persons with disabilities to overcome the challenges and threats of war.
MASTER\u27S DEGREE IN LAW - PER ASPERA AD ASTRA BALTIC APPROACH
No full textThe purpose of this article is to continue the discussion of experts and academic representatives on the necessary knowledge and examination formats in law studies in order to achieve the goal: providing the education of highly qualified lawyers to fully and responsibly implement the rule of law in democratic countries. Authors highlight the current trends and novelties in the Baltic States, which illustrate the transformation of the attitude of legislators and policymakers and the steps taken to ensure the highest standards in learning the legal profession. The article illustrates the differences in the procedure for obtaining a master\u27s degree in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, which is related to the introduction of the national unified legal professional qualification exam in Latvia in 2021. The article summarizes the opinions of three academic staff and legal professionals from the Baltic States on how the master\u27s degree acquisition process existing in the country provides guarantees for graduates\u27 acquisition of quality education and the necessary professional skills
CULTURAL LITERACY IN EDUCATION AND SOCIOCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT THE HISTORICAL PERIODS OF THE FOUNDING AND RENEWAL OF THE STATE OF LATVIA
Full text linkThe world’s geopolitical conflicts and ideological pluralism of society raise the importance of cultural literacy development in the micro and macro relations of different nations. After the Second World War, nations formed the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisations (UNESCO), to learn peaceful coexistence based on cultural values. Latvia as a UNESCO Member State since 1991, together with 25 European Union countries, developed a handbook on cultural awareness and expression in 2016, and in 2023 – a material for promoting cultural literacy among young people. Latvians’ love for their nation, language, and cultural heritage helped found their own country, Latvia, in 1918 and later, in 1991, to restore it, preserving its freedom to this day. In both historical periods and now, there have been minorities in Latvia. From 2023 onwards, education for them will be exclusively in Latvian. Therefore, in education and the socio-cultural environment, cultural literacy should be developed through the preservation of historical memory, patriotic education. The aim of the theoretical research is to find out the genesis of the concept of cultural literacy in relation to education in the socio-cultural environment of the founding-restoration period of the Latvian state. Using a quantitative method of systemic literature analysis; in the stage of qualitative analysis of historical documents, periodical content analysis, and data interpretation, it was concluded that the concept of cultural literacy in the educational content of the sociocultural environment of 1918-1940 can be seen in the United, Neighbourhood, Homeland, and Nationality teachings, but after 1991. - in the Latvian Folk Life Curriculum for Educators, in 1995, the program of the Latvian Latvian folklore education in the principle of educational methodology, 1995 in the Cultural Policy Guidelines - Chapter IV on General Education
THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Full text linkThe impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is visible in both the workplace and in education. The progress in AI usage brings about changes and new opportunities for higher education as a whole, across various professional domains. The implications of AI\u27s impact pose a challenge for higher education institutions because students need to be prepared for professional careers, taking into account both the opportunities and offerings created by AI. The study and daily life with AI are widely discussed topics in various sectors, including education. The aim of the research is to provide an overview of the use of AI tools in higher education, particularly in fields like engineering and design, and to analyze the level of user readiness for their application. Research methods include theoretical aspects such as literature review and analysis of internet resources, as well as empirical methods like focus group discussions and analysis of expert interview data. The research is based on 44 students, 4 lecturers in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and 1 representative from a company working with AI and Machine Learning (ML). The research period is in the autumn of 2023. The research results offer an overview of existing tools and demonstrate awareness of the impact and application possibilities of AI in studies, as well as the current level of user readiness for using AI tools. They also highlight potential research directions for integrating AI capabilities with the study process to assist teachers and students in understanding the latest AI opportunities, promoting preparedness, and considering AI challenges in the future.
EDUCATIONAL NEEDS OF OLDER ADULTS
Full text linkThe aim of the article is to find out educational needs of older adults and to discuss the process of the training course development and its implementation jointly with older learners in Lithuania. Mixed methods research was applied incorporating survey and participatory research. The training course was developed based on international survey data aiming to reach older learners who had less possibilities to engage in a lifelong learning process. Data analysis revealed similarities across countries, based on which the general template of the course was developed. It included topics in biological, psychological and sociological aspects of ageing, networking and joint research possibilities. However, data showed that there were variations in needs not only between countries but inside countries as well. Participatory research approach allowed older learners to follow the needs and to make necessary changes. Such changes were made in content (for ex., some sociological topics substituted by culture) and in organization (less intensity and shorter sessions) of the course. Even if the learners agreed to involve in participatory research, at the end they were told that it was too many interviews and discussions. On the other hand, they were proud that other learners will take their designed course.
THE EXERCISE OF PUBLIC HEALTH POWERS IN MENTAL HEALTHCARE - THE IMPACT ON PUBLIC SAFETY
Full text linkTo ensure public safety, most European states have statutory powers enabling a range of compulsory interventions for persons with infectious diseases and mental disorders. The evidence of their meaningfulness in mental health patients is dubious, especially regarding their preventive effect on public safety. To reveal the mental health services\u27 impact on violent offense commissions after discharge from involuntary inpatient care, a retrospective three-case series study was conducted. A scoping literature review was performed to construct the recommendations for practice improvement and further studies. Based on individual clinical expertise, the common issues in delivering involuntary mental healthcare in Latvia are described. To conclude, coercive psychiatric interventions shall be considered as a part of internal security and human rights protection and, therefore, shall be surveilled, in line with communicable diseases. Legal mechanisms (temporary protection against violence, coercive measures of a medical nature) are not effective against persons with severe mental illness and fail to prevent violent incidents. By the time being, during involuntary admission and treatment, the patient is subjected to various safety risks, that are inconsistent with the basic rights or best interests, and thus determines the state\u27s obligation to promote voluntary treatment and provide the least restrictive approach