Andalas Journal of International Studies
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Efektivitas Official Development Assistance Jepang terhadap Negara Resipien
Get PDFJapan has been well-known due to its advanced technology innovation particularly in the field of industrial technology. Some Japanese manufactures that based on technological development have become the main supplier of high-technology goods in many countries in the world most importantly in Asia. Since 1970s, Japan government has implemented its foreign assistance called Official Development Assistance (ODA) to developing countries including Indonesia. Japan has assisted the developing countries through its export-credit program. This paper will discuss the effectiveness of ODA and its implementation. In the first part of this paper, it will elaborate the history and structure of Japan’s ODA. In the next part, it will also explain the successful achievement of this program. Besides, it will also examine whether or not the implementation of this assistance has effectively reached its target and goals. The understanding of essential component of development strategy to increase the ODA’s effectiveness is related with the usage of that assistance in the recipient country. This perception is in line with Kevin Morrison (2000) saying the four elements of foreign assistance’s effectiveness particularly the technical assistance of Japan
Poststructuralist-Feminist International Relations: A Point of Reconciliation?
Get PDFThe relationships between peace studies and international relations (IR) has never been easy. The “strategic” nature of inter-state relations in IR and its state-centric focus are some of the big challenges to the humanitarian nature of peace studies. However, the rise of feminism in IR in the 1980s has given us a new promise in opening the field of IR to a greater humanitarian focus which could take even the individual level of analysis into account. IR poststructuralist-feminism - which is understood as an IR feminist perspective which deconstruct the “common assumptions of culture” (Sylvester, 1994) including feminism itself - is particularly progressive in the sense that it does not only provide the room to problematize the basic assumptions of mainstream IR, but also room to even question the premises of the IR feminists themselves, a self-reflective quality shared by contemporary peace studies. One of the latest theoretical developments in poststructuralist-feminist IR is the “adoption” of positive psychology into IR methodology in order to take a deeper look into the mostly forgotten dimension of humans’ capability to flourish even under the most extreme condition (Penttinen, 2013). Again, this new proposal resonates with the current trend in peace studies scholarship in which peacebuilding processes are geared toward fuller ownership by the locals and harnesses their capabilities to survive. This article would like to analyze the potentialities of feminist approaches in IR, particularly those which come from the poststructuralist school of thought, as a fruitful “meeting point” for peace studies and IR. Once we identify the “meeting point,” hopefully it can bring us into a rich inter-disciplinary endeavor in the future as well as a better understanding of the dynamics of peacebuilding practices in the context of international relations.Key Words: international relations, poststructuralist feminist IR, peace studies, positive psychology, reflective practice
Gerakan Silicon Valley Indian Professionals Association (SIPA) Dalam Membantu India Mengubah Brain Drain Menjadi Brain Circulation
Get PDFIndia has a lot of skilled IT workers and most of them migrate to US. In migration studies, this situation is called brain drain. Migration of skilled workers from developing countries to developed countries. This research tries to analyze the movement of an Indian IT diaspora network in U.S, the Silicon Valley Indian Professionals Association (SIPA),which is trying to help India to reduce the impact of brain drain and to create brain circulation.This research is a library research and uses neogramscian framework.This research concluded that brain drain is one of commodification on skilled term. Today, commodification is not only for raw materials, but also skills. This situation faces by skilled labour when they migrate to developed countries and used to support the privillege of developed country. SIPA as Indian diaspora success to create brain circulation for India. SIPA seeks to transform the workers to work in India from early worked in the US, by increasing workers' technical knowledge, entrepreneurship, and understanding migrant contribution for home country or to India. Besides, SIPA also seeks to cooperate with Indian government created a comparative advantage for the IT industry in India
The Role of China’s Patriotic Hackers and Their Relationship to the Government
No full textChina is one of countries around the world known for the use of patriotic hackers who conduct many cyber-attacks. Patriotic hackers tend to be linked to nationalist movements or work for the government. For example, when ethnic Chinese were blamed for violent riots in Indonesia in 1998, Chinese patriotic hackers attacked Indonesian government websites in protest. Patriotic hackers also blocked CNN’s website during Beijing Olympics in 2008 because it reported protests in Tibet and reported bad news about China as Olympic host. They also attacked Vietnamese websites reporting conflict with China in 2014. China’s patriotic hackers struggle to control how China is represented in the cyber sphere and Chinese authorities condone their actions. There are many benefits that the government gains from patriotic hackers and it is possible that the government sponsors their actions. But there are also risks for the government. This paper assesses the role of china’s patriotic hackers.hackers. Keywords: China patriotic hacker, cyber, China governmen
Ketahanan Energi Rusia dan Kerentanan Pasar Asia-Pasifik
Get PDFThis paper attempts to explain Russia’s energy security untill the next decade, and its impact on energy security of the Asia-Pacific region. As the world’s largest natural gas reserves and the second largest producer of crude oil, Russia is very important to the world energy markets. But for Russia, energy is not merely as a driving factor for its economic growth, but also as a political forse in its international relations. Russia’s ambitions are to become the world’s largest energy producer and the most influential to the world energy market. In this case, the Asia-Pacific region becomes important given the huge market potential. However, Russia’s energy security policy does not have entirely a positive impact on the stability of energy supply in the Asia-Pacific region. The market vulnerability and unfair competition among countries in the Asia-Pacific region will increase along with the Russia’s energy security policy
Popular Nationalism Dalam Kebijakan Luar Negeri Tiongkok Terhadap Jepang Pada Sengketa Kepulauan Senkaku/Diaoyu
Get PDFThis paper discusses about Popular Nationalism within China’s Foreign Policy towards Japan in the Context of Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands Dispute. Taking Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands’ dispute as the case, it can be conceived that, from two-level game perspective, Chinese government ‘instrumentalizes’ popular nationalism for its foreign policy purposes, i.e. strengthening its international position on the dispute and giving pressure to Japanese government. Practically, while putting pressure to Japan, popular nationalist movement also puts pressure on Chinese government by criticizing the government over its weak foreign policy towards Japan, as well as demanding for Chinese democratization and political change. Chinese government responds this situation by ‘managing’ popular nationalism. The government applies two-sided policy. When popular nationalist movement is favorable for Chinese foreign policy, the government gives popular nationalist a large controlled access to express their anger towards Japan. However, if popular nationalist starts to criticize government, demand for democratization and political change, Chinese government then restricts the movement by using institutional, informational, and ideational resourcesas well as starting to ban any protest and demonstration. This strange policy performed by Chinese government is strategically able to gain domestic support for its foreign policy, and maintain domestic status quo simultaneously
Melihat Kembali Sekuritisasi Palestina-Israel
No full textInvasi Israel ke Palestina pada November 2012 adalah pengulangan logika sekuritisasi dan logika kekerasan Israel dalam mempertegas dominasi Israel di Timur Tengah. Meski demikian, tindakan tersebut semakin mengucilkan Israel dalam pergaulan internasional. Bahwa Amerika Serikat masih tetap mendukung penuh tiap kebijakan Israel, tidak bisa disangkal. Tapi kini Israel tidak lagi mendapatkan dukungan yang sepenuh hati bahkan dari negara-negara yang selama puluhan tahun bersimpati pada Israel. Berbagai perubahan dramatis di Palestina mendorong publik internasional menjadi lebih bijak melihat hak-hak Palestina, dan utamanya lebih berani menentang sikap Amerika Serikat yang terus-menerus mendukung penuh agresivitas Israel dalam mempertahankan eksistensi di Timur Tengah dan eksistensi terhadap Palestina. Maka terjadi perubahan perlahan respon sekuritisasi yang sedang terjadi di Palestina, sekalipun menghadapi tantangan bahwa kekerasan sistemik yang dijalankan Israel masih mempersulit perdamaian diantara kedua pihak. Bisa jadi perubahan yang terjadi di Palestina dan lebih terbukanya berbagai negara melihat hak kedaulatan Palestina juga seiring terlalu lamanya konflik kedua pihak berlangsung, sehingga Palestina lebih memilih untuk bersikap cerdik menyikapi sikap keras kepala Israel. Maka sekuritisasi kedua pihak pada dasarnya sedang perlahan berubah, dan mungkin menjadi salah satu faktor yang kelak akan mengubah secara dramatis peta geopolitik di Timur Tengah. Seiring juga sedang terjadinya proses demokratisasi di Timur Tengah dalam tiga tahun terakhir
Mengapa tidak berperang? Norma Politik Luar Negeri Cina dan Konflik Laut Cina Selatan
Get PDFSouth China Sea conflict is one of the most destabilizing factors in Southeast Asia. Despite it has occured for long time period, there has not been major wars among occupants. This puzzle challenges realist particularly ofense-defense theory stating that when perception of victory is greater than defeat, it will lead to war. China’s military capability is far greater than any contry in the region. Yet, China does not intent to attack others. Assumption that China is an offensive and hegemonic nation is not in accordance with reality. Material-based explanation cannot account for China’s foreign policy. This article seeks to explain why South China Sea conflict does not lead to war between occupants. Using constructivism in international relations, this article argues that China’s domestic norms of national security plays great role which constitute its foreign policy character. Norms of cooperative security or hezuo anquan which is rooted from Confucian culture emphasize on harmony and cooperation that generate self-restraint diplomacy. As a result, China would not employ its military power to solve South China Sea conflict. This article concludes that norms held by country constitute its interest and in turn guide state’s policy
Neo-liberalism and Global Economic Crises (The changing of the state-market relations in Indonesia)
Get PDFIn globalization era, intervention and influence of developed countries to developing countries are more exist. Those influences are not in form of war or radical ways but more moderate and well organized (deregulation, privatization, and liberalization) through international treaties in International organizations (IMF, WTO, and World Bank). Many developing countries can describe how it occurs, for instance Latin American countries, South African Countries, and Asian Countries. The interventions give many impacts toward domestic policies in a country. Under Neo Liberal ideology, those international relationships and treaties have changed the paradigm of state, private, and society relations.
Buruh Migran Indonesia Dalam Diplomasi Multi-jalur
Get PDFIn interacting with other nations within the international level, Indonesia’s traditional diplomacy is conducted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Here, it plays a role as the representative of the government. However, in today’s advanced era, diplomacy is an instrument that should involve every component of the society, including the migrant workers”. The current problematic is that there are hundreds to millions of Indonesian migrant workers residing in other countries but Indonesia has failed to actualize these workers as power for its foreign policy. Every year, hundred of thousands of Indonesians migrate to other countries to work. These workers reside in various countries all over the world, including in ASEAN countries. Malaysia has the second largest number of Indonesian migrant workers after Saudi Arabia. Until today, these Indonesian migrants are merely considered as labor force. They are not valued as structural importance who has bargaining power in diplomatic practice. The purpose of this writing is to operationalize the concept of multi track diplomacy in an attempt to enforce the role of migrant workers as a non-diplomatic group to further strengthen Indonesia’s diplomatic posture. As an agent of the third-track diplomacy, this writing will further describe the role of migrant workers as the foundation of diplomatic strength