Andalas Journal of International Studies
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Deconstructing the Empire: BRICS and the Rise of a Multipolar World
Full text linkThis study examines the rise of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and its impact on the global political economy through Hardt and Negri’s concept of “Empire.” BRICS has challenged Western dominance by leveraging economic globalization to build influential networks, reflecting trends of deterritorialization and decentralization. Key strategies include China’s push for internet sovereignty and Russia’s market realignment under Western sanctions. The recent expansion of BRICS to include Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE underscores its growing influence in reshaping global governance. However, the study also identifies elements of “Empire” within BRICS, such as the use of economic leverage and biopower to exert control. These findings reveal a complex interplay between power and resistance, where BRICS, while challenging Western hegemony, also replicates some control mechanisms. This research contributes to the theoretical discourse on globalization and provides practical insights into the evolving multipolar world order
Resolusi Konflik Internasional: Studi Kasus Konflik Bersenjata Sipil antara Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) dan Rapid Support Force (RSF) di Sudan
Full text linkSudan is located in the Sahel “Coup Belt” region, which has a long history of coups and military rule in Africa. Tensions peaked on April 15, 2023 when Rapid Support Force (RSF) paramilitary forces led by Mohamed Hamdan “Hemedti” Dagalo and Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) forces loyal to General Fattah al-Burhan fought in the capital region, Khartoum. This paper aims to analyze the conflict resolution of civil armed conflict between SAF and RSF in Sudan. This paper uses a qualitative method with documentation studies as a source of research information. The results of this study indicate that there are conflict resolution efforts that have been made to achieve peace in the country of Sudan. By using Johan Galtung's conflict resolution approach, three forms of resolution models have been grouped, namely Peacemaking with the help of IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority on Development), AU (African Union), Saudi Arabia and the United States, Peacekeeping with the help of the UN Security Council mandate namely UNITAMS United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan) and Peacebuilding by forming three framework agreements namely the Juba Peace Agreement (JPA), the Treaty of Jeddah and the Sudan Framework
Entitas Agama dalam Perdebatan Studi Politik dan Hubungan Internasional: Perspektif Pra & Pasca Nation-States dalam Perjanjian Westphalia (1648)
Full text linkThis conceptual article will explain the role and position of religious entities in the debate on political studies and international relations, which were once marginalized. This situation cannot be separated from the strong dominance of secularism which provides strong legitimacy for the importance of material factors such as military power and economic-political interests in the development of global political economy. Religious factors and other identities are considered abstract and do not get a place in the mainstream debate. However, along with the development of the dynamics and complexity of global political economy and security, religious factors have again received great attention. By analyzing the historical roots and transformation of political studies and international relations, with a deeper emphasis in the context of Islamic religion, this article which is sourced from secondary data, lays the stronger basis for understanding the rise of Constructivism School of Thought, which finally concludes that religious entities and other identity factors have played a significant and fundamental role in determining the direction of the dynamics of socio-political, economic and international security developments
Between Money and the Planet? The Interests of Post-colonial Countries in Climate Negotiations
Full text linkThis paper explores the interests of post-colonial countries in climate negotiations. It does so by analysing what they need and demand as a consequence of injustice and damages caused by colonialism, which have not been extensively discussed in the current literature. Using content analysis as a methodological approach, the author collected and examined country statements delivered at the Conferences of the Parties (COP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The analysis reveals that there are three needs and three demands that commonly lie in the interest of formerly colonised countries. Among them, securing financial resources stands high in their priority. However, this does not mean that provision of funding lessens their perception of historical injustice. They still demand for substantive actions from developed countries to correct the past wrongdoings. While some experts suggest transfer of more resources from the Global North to the Global South to ease the climate decision making process, this paper highlights that although such measure might help build trust, it does not necessarily break the deadlock in climate negotiations
Representation of Tenun Gringsing in Indonesian and Japanese Cultural Diplomacy
Full text linkThis study aims to describe the use of Tenun Gringsing as a medium of Indonesian cultural diplomacy in Japan and to describe the representation of friendship between Indonesia and Japan through the use of Tenun Gringsing. Tenun Gringsing originating from Tenganan Village, Pegringsingan, Karangasem Regency, Bali is a woven fabric with double tie technique which is currently classified as rare and there are only three types of similar fabrics in the world, two of which come from Indonesia and Japan. Tenun Gringsing has received significant attention from general public and fashion designer who integrate apply Gringsing motifs in their designs as well as at international cultural exchange events. Tenun Gringsing involvement in cultural activities, one of which is carried out in Japan, the existence of Tenun Gringsing further strengthens its position as an effective instrument of cultural diplomacy in strengthening friendly relations between Indonesia and Japan. The result of the study shows that Tenun Gringsing not only functions as a traditional art product, but also as a symbolic of Indonesian cultural identity introduces through various cultural diplomacy activities, such as cultural festivals and workshops in Japan
The Rise of Ethno-nationalism in the Globalisation Era: Comparative Analysis of AfD Germany and BJP India
Full text linkAs integral components of the global movement, both nationalism and globalisation play significant roles in the rise of ethno-nationalism, particularly influenced by the emergence of social media. Today, nationalist populist figures can easily and extensively disseminate their values through various social media platforms, effectively turning this technology into an echo chamber for ethno-nationalist leaders. Their strategy to spread influence often involves promoting xenophobic propaganda narratives that glorify their supreme goals and identity while alienating minorities perceived as threats. This article critically examines the rise of ethno-nationalism, and the crucial role played by social media, focusing on two political parties: the Alternative for Germany (AfD) in Germany and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in India. Using qualitative descriptive methods and a case study approach, this research reveals that in both cases, ethno-nationalist leaders utilise Islamophobic populism by alienating Islam and framing Muslims as "the other." Furthermore, social media serves as a critical tool for ethno-nationalist parties to spread their agenda and strengthen connections with their supporters
Pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals di Sumatera Barat melalui Pertanian Berkelanjutan
Full text linkSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of international agreements on efforts that must be made to create a just, prosperous, and safe world for humans and the planet Earth. Efforts to achieve SDG number 2, namely "zero hunger", need to be done by implementing sustainable agriculture. This article explains the implementation of sustainable agriculture in West Sumatra Province, which has prepared a "Regional Action Plan for Sustainable Development Goals." In the RAD, it is stated that the Provincial Government will build a sustainable food production system. This research was conducted using a qualitative method. Data collection was carried out through interviews with farmer groups and various government agencies, accompanied by a review of related documents. The researcher used a policy framework consisting of four factors proposed by Eyhorn et al. (2019) to realize sustainable agriculture. The results of this study indicate that the first factor, namely the transformation towards sustainable agriculture, is underway in West Sumatra Province. The second factor, namely cooperation with the market to absorb sustainable agricultural products, has been attempted; the other two factors, namely incentives and sanctions related to sustainable agriculture, still need to be implemented
Indonesia Halal Diplomacy: Strategizing Nation Branding to Win Global Market
Full text linkIndonesia aspires to be the global champion in the halal industry. The growing domestic halal industry and halal economy lay the groundwork for entering the global halal market. The study examines Indonesian halal diplomacy by observing the halal industry's development and the progress of foreign relations to illuminate Indonesia’s strategies to win the global halal market. The research methods is qualitative with review to relevant reports and observation as the main data collection method. The findings indicate that despite Indonesia’s efforts to win the global halal market, it is still remote from achieving its goal. The study argues that to boost halal diplomacy, Indonesia can capitalize on its nation branding as a modern democracy with the largest Muslim population in the world and the society's halal lifestyle. The study suggests that the consolidation of nation branding, the development of a domestic halal ecosystem, government orchestration, and public participation will develop and sustain halal diplomacy
Transnational Crime of Illicit Drugs in Southeast Asia
Full text linkThe cooperation of the actors in harmonizing their views on the drug phenomenon is needed. Over the last decade, the dynamics that define the regional security environment in Southeast Asia have changed dramatically. In this study, a descriptive qualitative methodological approach was adopted to explore an in-depth understanding of cross-border crime in the illegal drug trade in Southeast Asia. The conclusions of this analysis will help enrich our understanding of cross-border illegal drug transactions in the region, as well as provide a basis for formulating better policy recommendations to effectively address this challenge. ASEAN needs to strengthen its commitment of cooperation and continuously make efforts were tireless in the fight against drugs
Implications of a Social Movement against Racism for a More Inclusive Global Fashion Industry
Full text linkFashion and racism are complex issues with pressure for the industry to be more inclusive of racial differences. The Black Lives Matter movement has drawn attention to the issue of racism in the fashion industry and inspired social efforts to address it. Increased support for this cause has resulted in more entities contributing to eliminating racism in the industry through actions such as black model matter campaigns and the founding of The Kelly Initiative, which advocates for the diversity and inclusivity of the fashion industry. This research aims to examine the impact of social movements in combating racism and promoting equality in the global fashion industry. Qualitative methods are used with several theoretical frameworks, including racism, to show neglect, which results in discrimination, as well as global social movements, which are used to show forms of collective action in the form of protests that seek inclusive change in fashion. The results show that social movements can transform the fashion industry through rapid advances in diversity and inclusion through collective action. The implication is that it allows all parties to contribute to fashion without facing racial discrimination, thereby achieving diversity and inclusion