LAUTECH Journal of Engineering and Technology (LAUJET)
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YIELD ASSESSMENT AND QUALITY ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER IN LADOKE AKINTOLA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CAMPUS OGBOMOSO, NIGERIA.
Get PDFThe problem of shortage of water supply is athreat to inhabitants that do not have access to potable water supply. The research is aimed at determining the quality and quantity of groundwater in LAUTECH community, Ogbomoso with the mind of ascertaining the hydraulic properties of boreholes and the suitability of the water resources for domestic and agricultural purposes. Pump testing was conducted in LAUTECH to determine the actual discharge. Water samples were collected and analysed for physicochemical parameters and bacteria using Standard method.Quality Indexes such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) were used to assess the suitability of water for agricultural purposes.The range of hydraulic properties of aquifers (Transmissivity (0.095 m2/day to 7.591 m2/day), Hydraulic conductivity (0.003 m/day to 0.278m/day), Specific capacity (0.250 m3/ day/m to 16.506 m3/day/m) and Yield (0.341l/s -1.66l/s), shows that four (4) out of the seven (7) borehole have moderate yield which are quiet prolific. All the water samples within the study area falls below the WHO,2004 indicating that there is no contamination and that LAUTECH groundwaters are suitable but the biochemical result showed that LAUTECH stream are highly polluted .The prolific boreholes which include engineering workshop, work’s workshop, new ICT, and health center have moderate yield and rapid recharge rate and this contribute to minimum quantity of water supply on campus while the less prolific ones which are those at FAG (Faculty of Agriculture), mathematics department, and senate building have low yield and with very slow recharge rate .Hence it is recommended Recconnaissance survey through the use of Very Low Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) Method should be duly incorporated alongside Geophysical survey to avoid the problem of dry boreholes or seasonal well in Borehole drilling
INVESTIGATING THERMAL PROPERTIES OF SAWDUST ASH – CEMENT CONCRETE AS A POTENTIAL CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
Get PDFThis study examined the thermal properties of concrete produced from partial replacement of the cement content with Sawdust Ash (SDA). Sawdust col¬lected from sawmill was burnt into ashes and analyzed for chemical composition (silica, alumina and iron oxide) using x-ray fluorescence analyzer. Concretes were produced by replacing 5 - 25% by weight of the cement with SDA. Slump and compacting factor tests were also carried out. A total of 72 concrete cubes (150 mm) were cast. Thermal conductivity (k), diffusivity (?) and specific heat capacity (Cp) of the cubes were determined at the ages of 7, 28, 56 and 90 days, using KD2 Pro thermal properties analyzer. The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS…. The percentages of silica, alumina and iron oxide obtained for SDA were 65.29%, 6.43% and 3.83%, respectively. The slump and compacting factor values ranged from 85 - 110 mm and 0.91 - 0.95 mm, respectively. k of the SDA concrete at 90 days at both room and elevated temperature decreased from 1.67 - 1.21 W/mK and 1.63 - 1.19 W/m3K, respectively. Values of ? at room and elevated temperature increased from 0.36 - 0.49 mm2/s and 0.37 - 0.54 mm2/s, respectively while the Cp at both room and elevated temperatures decreased from 3.79 - 2.63 MJ/m3K and 3.19 - 2.18 MJ/m3K, respectively. Second order polynomial equation described the relationship between the thermal properties and curing age. Thermal diffusivity increased with temperature. SDA exhibits good insulating properties required for external walls, partition walls of building and farm structures
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA AND GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM LEAF POWDERS ON THE GROWTH OF MANSONIA ALTISSIMA SEEDLINGS (A. CHEV.)
No full textThe study investigated the comparative effects of chromolaema adorata and Gliricidia sepium leaf powder (green manure) on the growth of Mansonia altissima. Three different types of powder were used comprising T2 (1000 mg of Chromolaena adorata leaf powder). T3 (150 mg of Chromolaena aodrata leaf powder) and T4 (200 mg of chromolaena adorate leaf powder), T5 (1000 mg of gliricidia sepium leaf powder), T6 (150 mg of Gliricidia sepium leaf powder) and T7 (200 mg of Gliricidia sepium leaf powder), T9 and T8 (50 mg of Chromolaena adorata + 50 mg of Gliricidia sepium leaf powder) T9 (75 mg of Chromolaena adorata+ 75 mg of Gliricidia sepium leaf powder) and (100 mg of Chromolaena adorata + 100 mg of Gliricidia sepium leaf powder). The experiment was laid out in a completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the inclusion of a control treatment T1 (1.5 kg of top soil). The leaf powders were mixed with 1.5 kg of topsoil each and used to raise Mansonia alatissima plants. Parameters such as plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter were measured for weeks. The data collected were subjected to means, bar chart representation and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The bar chart representation revealed that treatment T6 (150 mg of Gliricidia sepium leaf powder) had the highest value of 9.07 cm. For stem diameter, it was revealed that T1 (control) had the highest value of 0.65 mm and also T1 (control) had the highest value of 4.52 for number of leaves, while T4 (200 mg of Chromolaena adorata leaf powder) had the least growth performance in all the parameters assessed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter shows that there is significant difference among the treatments at 0.05 level of significance. Therefore, T6 (150 mg of Gliricidia sepiumI leafe powder) is considered the best to raise Mansonia altissima in 1.5kg top soil being the treatment with highest plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter
STABILIZATION OF MODEL CRUDE OIL EMULSION BY ASPHALTENE
No full textAs part of an ongoing research into the stability of oil-field emulsions, model oils have been utilized to probe the effects of asphaltene interactions on crude oil/water emulsion stability. Asphaltenes were precipitated from treated Ondo State oil sand bitumen with n-hexane in a 40:1 solvent to bitumen ratio which was allowed to stand for 24 hours and then filtered. Model oils were prepared from n-hexane and toluene with varying masses of asphaltene dissolved in them (0.05-0.1%). Emulsions were prepared from mixtures of model oil with 5ml of de-ionized water. Results showed that the stability of the prepared emulsions increased with asphaltene concentration of the model oil; with the model oil containing 0.1% of asphaltene forming the most stable emulsion. Therefore, the higher the concentration of asphaltene in the model oil, the more stable the model oil/water emulsions formed. This is similar to literature reports on oil-field emulsion therefore the interaction of asphaltene with the prepared model oils can be used as a model to study crude oil emulsion stabilization processes.  
EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF ROLE-BASED ACCESS CONTROL AND BELL- LA PADULA CONFIDENTIALITY SECURITY MODELS
No full textMedical records are well known to contain vital, sensitive and treasurable information about patients and it is therefore important to guard them against any form of unpermitted or unauthorized access. The motive behind this paper is to benchmark Role Based Access Control (RBAC) and Bell-la Padula security models in a medical domain. Attempt was made to implement these models by evaluating their efficiencies, protection capacity, precision and speed. Role Base Access Control is a security model which allows a user at a higher level to access roles and permissions of a user at a lower level of his organization hierarchy. Bell-la Padula on the other hand uses the “no read-up, no write-down” method of implementation; that is, it does not allow a user at a higher level to write to a user at a lower level. Also, a user at a lower level cannot read up the hierarchy. Comparison of these two access control security models were evaluated in the medical domain based on the above listed metrics. The prototype of this work was implemented using Microsoft C# on the .Net framework with Microsoft’s SQL as the backend. The result shows the prototype of the RBAC models is better in terms of efficiency, protection capacity, precision and speed
EXPERIMENTAL OPTIMIZATION OF BIO-OIL YIELD FROM COCONUT SHELL PYROLYSIS USING BOX BEHNKEN DESIGN.
No full textPyrolysis of coconut shell for maximum yield of bio- oil in a fixed bed reactor was investigated in this study. Box Behnken design of experiment in the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of temperature (400, 500 and 600oC), reaction time (5, 10 and 25 minutes) and feed particle size (6, 9.5 and 13 mm) on the yield of bio-oil. RSM was used to estimate the optimum conditions for maximum yield of bio-oil. Preliminary pyrolysis experiment showed that bio-oil increased with temperature up to 500oC where it was thermally decomposed into gas and then reduced to minimum. Other pyrolytic products (char and gas) were also significantly influenced by temperature, time and feed particle size. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the model of bio-oil yield in terms of temperature, time and size was 0.9893 at p < 0.05. The maximum bio-oil yield was 47.00% at 486.67 oC, 22.78 minutes and 6.78 mm and these was experimentally verified. The pyrolysis oil obtained at these optimum process conditions was analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the oil yield obtained agreed with the predicted value with percentage absolute error of 0.85%
AN ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTENT OF ROADSIDE VEGETATION ALONG TWO MAJOR HIGHWAYS IN THE SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
No full textEmission of pollutants from motor vehicles is a problem associated with road transportation. Plants and plant materials on roadsides are directly impacted by such emissions. The level of impact needs to be established and related to vehicular traffic density. Vehicular counting and collection of samples from both roadside plants and plant materials being sun-dried were carried out on two roads selected for this study; Ife/Ibadan road in Osun/Oyo Sates and Ogbomosho - Igbeti road in Oyo State. The samples were collected at various distances along the roads, and analyzed for lead, zinc and cadmium in the laboratory using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). A combination of t-test, Pearson correlation and descriptive statistics (bar chart) were used in presenting the results at ( p< 0.005) . The result shows that there are more vehicles plying Ife-Ibadan road (7,732 vehicles per day) than Ogbomosho-Igbeti road (2941 vehicles per day). The results confirmed the presence of lead, zinc and cadmium in varying amounts in the plant materials and cassava flour sampled along the two roads. The order of the metal concentrations on both roads is the same i.e. Pb > Cd> Zn. It also revealed that vehicle type is of great importance in emission from automobile exhaust. When the heavy metal contents of the plant materials were compared with FAO/WHO guidelines for edible materials for man (plants and animals, it was established that roadsides vegetation were contaminated by heavy metals such as lead. The implication of this is that roadside farming and drying of plant materials by the roadside should be discouraged
HATA, COST - 231, EGLI and ILORIN - A PERFORMANCE ASSESMENT
No full textInformation carried through the wireless medium are subject to impairments due to several events along the route of transmission, leading to path losses. For effective network planning therefore, these events and their effects on radio propagation need to be known and accounted for. In this work, we studied the radio propagation profile, along selected routes in Ilorin, Kwara State due to transmissions from the NTA, Ilorin, the Harmony FM and the University of Ilorin FM transmitters. Each of the routes are divided into segments, as seen, in the figures. The measurements were made, using the N9432C Agilent spectrum analyzer. Analysis, of obtained data, showed that the nature of the environment, affects radio propagation. Even within the same route and all other conditions the same, the models’ relative performances vary, from one segment to the other. The performances of the models corroborate the notion that empirical models are environment-specific
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF HIGH VISCOSITY OIL-WATER (WATER-ASSIST) FLOW BEHAVIOR IN HORIZONTAL PIPE
Get PDFThe challenges of low oil production due to the flow assurance problems associated with transportation of high viscosity oil in pipes has attracted attentions for more than two decades. Laboratory scale studies were conducted on co-current flow of high viscosity oil and water in a horizontal perspex pipe 1-in ID 5m long. Two oil brand, CYL680 and CYL1000, 917 and 916.2kg/m3 densities and viscosities 1.830 and 3.149Pa.s at 25oC respectively were used. The interfacial tension of high viscosity oil/water is 0.026N/m at 19oC. The results show the reduction pressure gradient by one order of magnitude. The flow patterns identified from the trend plot of the downstream pressure signals, its probability density function (PDF) and statistical moments as well as visualisation of the flow are Water Assist- Annular (WA-ANN), Dispersed Oil in Water (DOW/OF), Oil Plug in Water (OPW/OF) with oil film on the wall and Water Plug in Oil (WPO). Thin layer of wavy oil film was on the pipe wall forming an envelope for water in all the flow patterns where water was the continuous phase
EFFECT OF GERMINATION ON PROXIMATE COMPOSITION, MINERAL BIOAVAILABILITY AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF AFRICAN YAM BEAN SEED FLOUR
Get PDFThe effects of germination on the quality attributes of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) seed, an underutilized legume were investigated. The seeds were subjected to germination at 25 ºC for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h after which they were dried, milled into flour and the effects of germination on the proximate composition, anti-nutritional contents, mineral bioavailability and the functional properties of the flour samples were determined. The protein contents of the germinated flour samples ranged between 20.3 and 21.3% with highest value recorded after 24 h of germination. The fat content, ash content and the crude fibre of the germinated flour samples ranged from 2.27- 2.67%, 3.47 -3.80 and 2.10 - 2.67%, respectively. The fat and the crude fibre decreased with the geminating period while the ash contents increased. There was a general increase in the mineral availability with increase in germination period. Calcium content increased from 48.33 to 51.67 mg/100 g; iron content from 6.23 to 6.43 mg/100 g; magnesium from 41.67 to 48.33 mg/100 g; and phosphorus from 141.67 to 146.67 mg/100 g. There were reductions in the anti-nutritional contents of the flour samples with the germinating process. There was about 50% reduction in oxalate content; 35% reduction in phytate and 100% in trypsin inhibitor content. The germination process had effects on the swelling capacity, foam capacity and water absorption capacity of the flour samples. The bulk density ranged between 0.67 and 0.71 g/cm3; water absorption capacity from 196.67% to 178.33%; swelling capacity from 1.77-1.50%; and foaming capacity 39.43-31.57%. Germination of African yam bean seed had effects on the proximate composition, functional properties, reduction of the anti-nutritional content and increment on the bioavailability of some minerals which could help to increase the potential of this underutilized crop in food products