LAUTECH Journal of Engineering and Technology (LAUJET)
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SOME PROXIMATE, PHYSICAL, MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF BREAD PRODUCED FROM MIXES OF WHEAT, ACHA AND BAMBARA NUT FLOUR
No full textThe proximate composition, physical, microbiological properties as well as sensory attributes of bread produced from wheat, acha and bambara nut flour mixes were investigated. Bread loaves indicated increase in protein, fat, ash and fibre as the proportions of acha and bambara nut increases while moisture and carbohydrate contents decreased significantly at p<0.05. Physical attributes show increasing trends in the loaf mass and loaf density whereas decreasing trends in the specific volume, loaf volume and crumb hydration with increases in the proportions of acha and bambara nut was observed. Although the total viable, yeast and mould counts increased but no coliforms were detected, an indication that the bread loaves were free from pathogenic microorganisms. The sensory attributes revealed that the control sample had the highest rating while samples with 10- 20 % level of substitution of acha and bambara nut were also acceptable
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF RESTART PROCESS ON HIGH VISCOSITY OIL TRANSPORT IN PIPE
No full textNumerical investigation of shut in and restart of high viscosity oil-water flow in 1-in ID horizontal pipe was conducted to understand the physical process of restart of high viscous oil that was transported by water assist-annular flow. The knowledge of the restart surges helps in the pump specification and selection. The density and viscosity of oil are 916.2 kgm-3 and 3300 and 10000 cP at 25oC. The surges obtained in regaining water assist-annular flows were higher than that of the respective single phase flows. The surge increases with decrease in oil viscosity
BRIQUETTING OF PALM KERNEL SHELL BIOCHAR OBTAINED VIA MILD PYROLYTIC PROCESS
No full textThe production of Palm kernel shell (PKS) fuel briquette via mild pyrolysis is the focus of this paper. The operating temperature was kept constant at 280 0C during carbonization at 30, 60, and 90 minute residence time. Proximate analyses and elemental composition of the char were determined, and also the calorific value of the briquette was obtained to be 20.27 MJ/kg. The briquette specific fuel consumption and the burning rate determined during the water boil test were 0.021kg/l and 1.18g/min respectively. The use of PKS briquette as high grade solid fuel can reduce considerably both environmental pollution emanating from wastes as well the energy crises in most developing countries
PARTICULATE CONCENTRATION AROUND BUSY TRAFFIC LOCATIONS IN OGBOMOSO, NIGERIA
No full textThis research work reported the results of the investigation of air pollution from automobiles and other anthropogenic sources at intersections of ten (10) selected busy junctions in Ogbomoso, South-western, Nigeria. Ten (10) sampling sites were considered with the sampler, aerosol mass monitor (831) placed 1-1.5m above the ground level and 1m away from the edge of the road. Particulate matter less than 1.0, 2.5, 4.0, and 10µm were monitored in rush hour (RH) and non-rush Hour (NRH) period. The results of PM1.0, PM2.5, PM4.0, PM10were in the range of 1.03 - 4.35?g/m3, 5.71– 70.15?g/m3, 13.96- 476.88?g/m3, 36.35– 1013.34?g/m3, respectively. The particulate concentration of PM10 was highest at TakieJunction.with a value of 1013.34 ?g/m3while that of PM1.0 was found to be highest at Federal Government College (FGC) junction with a value of 4.35?g/m3. PM2.5 was also found to be highest at FGC junction with a value of 70.15?g/m3and finally, PM4.0 was found to be highest at Takie junction with a value of 132.76 ?g/m3. The highest value of PM10 with a value of 1013.34?g/m3 was due to traffic congestion, traffic intersection and dust from the untarred roads. PM2.5and PM10when compared with the standard provided by WHO (2006) showed that out of all the ten locations, Takie and FGC junction were above the standard for PM2.5 while Agbowo, Ojagbo, FGC, Arowomole, Takie, Arada, Orita Naira, Oke-Anu were above the standard for PM1
EFFECT OF FERMENTATION ON THE VITAMIN AND MINERAL CONTENTS OF BAMBARA NUT USING SELECTED RHIZOPUS SPECIES
Get PDFThis study evaluates the effect of fermentation with selected Rhizopus species on the vitamin and mineral contents of bambara nut (Voandzeia subterranean L.thouars) which is a leguminous plant. Bambara nut was fermented with three species of Rhizopus (R. oligosporus, R. nigricans and R. oryzae) and their combinations for 3 days. The samples were collected at 12 hourly intervals and were blanched, dried and milled to produce bambara flour. Vitamin and mineral contents determination were carried out on the samples. The values of vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin and thiamine were (21.70 – 66.14%), (0.38 – 0.86 mg/g), (0.16 – 3.53 mg/g), (0.50 – 4.52 mg/g) and (0.24 – 0.02mg/g), respectively. Mineral contents (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron and magnessium) ranges were (1.228 – 1.633), (0.093 – 0.300), (0.297 – 0.465), (0.013 – 0.028) and (0.017 – 0.052mg/100g), respectively. Therefore, fermented bambara nut could find uses in combacting endemic malnutrition in the developing countries.
 
PRODUCTION OF PAVING BLOCK FROM RECYCLED POLYETHYLENE
Get PDFThe production of paving block from sand and cement is becoming of immense and popular in Nigeria and is being used as finishing material in landscaping. Presently the cost of cement is becoming high and polythene waste is increasing daily causing pollution all over the land. This project researched into recycling of the polyethene and using it as binding agent in the production of paving blocks.
The pure water sachet nylon was collected, washed and dried. It was cut and melted in a machine fabricated to recycled the sachet water nylon. The recyclate was collected and mixed with sand at different temperature range of 200 – 300 OC. The condensate was mixed with sand poured in a mould and allowed to cool. Compression and hardness test were performed on the paving block produced.
The result shows that increase in temperature increases the compressive test of pave block and the more the content of the sand the higher the compressive strength of the paving block. The hardness test revealed that the pave block produced at 300 OC has a higher value than that at 200 OC while the pave block with higher sand content has greater hardness value
COMPARISON OF SELECTED IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES
Get PDFImage as an important artifact faced with several constraints that may inhibit its usefulness. These constraints includes noise, Identification of objects in the image and extraction of features. In this paper, the denoising methods of Two Stages Image Denoising By Principal Component Analysis With Local Pixel Grouping(PCA - LPG) and Non Linear Filtering Algorithm For Underwater Images, the object identification methods of SCALE-INVARIANT FEATURE TRANSFORM (SIFT) and SPEEDED UP ROBUST FEATURES (SURF), the feature extraction methods of thresholding and subtraction and template matching are compared experimentally. The experimental evaluation of these algorithms made it possible to draw some conclusions. These conclusions are supported from the results of the implementations of each technique, hence the recommended technique for denoising is Local Pixel Grouping (PCA - LPG), the recommended technique for object identification is SPEEDED UP ROBUST FEATURES (SURF) and the recommended technique for feature extraction is tresholding and subtraction. The recommended techniques for each of the concept were implemented in C# programming language with the help of an open source computer vision library EmguCV
IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR DENOISING, OBJECT IDENTIFICATION AND FEATURE EXTRACTION
No full textAn artifact such as image has its importance in human’s activities to the extent that we hardly can do away with it in our daily lives. As important as this artifact is, several constraints may inhibit its usefulness. Some of these constraints are containment of noise (Which greatly degrade the clarity property of the image), Identification of objects in the image and extraction of features. In this paper, the denoising methods of Two Stages Image Denoising By Principal Component Analysis With Local Pixel Grouping(PCA - LPG) and Non Linear Filtering Algorithm For Underwater Images are considered, Also the object identification methods of SCALE-INVARIANT FEATURE TRANSFORM (SIFT) and SPEEDED UP ROBUST FEATURES (SURF) are considered. Furthermore, the feature extraction methods of thresholding and subtraction and template matching are also considered. The consideration of these aforementioned techniques made it possible to draw some conclusions, hence, making of recommendation of better techniques are made possible. Each recommendation made for each of the problem are also implemented in C# programming language with the help of an open source computer vision library EmguCV to visualize the output of the recommended techniques. Finally the result i.e the output of the implemetation are discussed.
General Terms, Image Denoising, Object Identification, Feature Extraction, Algorithms
PRODUCTIVITY STANDARDS AND RESOURCE UTILIZATION MONITORING SYSTEM: A CONCEPT TO HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA
No full textCost savings can be realized in hospitals through the proper utilization of employees to optimize labor cost since labor costs average over half of the expenses of a typical hospital. The health care management is often left to subjective feelings in evaluating the proper relationship between staffing and workload without a logical, systematic approach to productivity measurement. With proper training and understanding, the Resource Utilization Monitoring System (RUMS) can become a valuable tool in evaluating these relationships. There is no much evidence in the literature that productivity standards is often used as a planning and control tool of human resources in the administration of hospitals in Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to explain how to determine productivity standard and the development of RUMS; and to explain their applications as a planning and control tool of human resources management of the hospitals costs centers in Nigeria
ASSESSMENT OF WEATHER VARIABILITY IMPACT ON CASSAVA YIELD IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA
Get PDFThe scientific evidence of rainfall and temperature variability with their significant impacts on crops yield isnow stronger than ever. It is even more so on cassava that serves as staple food in most parts of SouthwesternNigeria. Hence, this study, aimed at using Kriging interpolation and other geospatial analysis techniques toassess and map the spatiotemporal variation to investigate the relationship between the yield of cassava andtemperature and rainfall for the period 17 years (1991 – 2007) in South Western, Nigeria. Data for an annualyield of cassava for all the time period were collected from the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Nigeria,while data on the weather (temperature and rainfall) in the Southwestern states of Nigeria were obtainedfrom the archives of the Nigerian Meteorological Services (NIMET) on an annual basis. ArcGIS (9.2version) was used to analyze the annual temperature, rainfall and cassava yield data. Spatial variation mapswere generated using Kringing method of Interpolation. Existing Map of Nigeria in JP2 format is importedinto the ArcGIS software. The mean rainfall variation maps show the areas which cut cross across Lagos andpart of Ogun states have the highest mean rainfall value range of 134.3 – 137.3 cm while the area havinglowest mean rainfall value range of 107.6 – 110.6 cm. Mean cassava yield geospatial variation map showareas with the highest cassava yield of 16.9 – 17.8 tones with areas with the lowest cassava yield of 9.6 – 10.4tonnes. For mean temperature variation maps, the area which cross cut across through Ekiti and part ofOndo states have the lowest mean temperature value range of 31.3 – 31.4 0 C while areas, mainly in Ogunstate has the highest mean temperature value range of 31.9 – 32.00 C. Mean cassava yield geospatialvariation map depicts the areas with the highest cassava yield of 16.9 – 17.8 tonnes, while the area with thelowest cassava yields of 9.6 - 10.4 tones. The results from these assessment and analysis will help cassavafarmers so as to make better cassava farming plan despite the varying weather condition as to ensure smartagriculture