LAUTECH Journal of Engineering and Technology (LAUJET)
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TEXTURE MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR SYNTHETIC PALM VEIN IMAGE GENERATION SYSTEM
Get PDFUnavailability of large-scale palm vein databases due to their intrusiveness have posed challenges in exploring this technology for large-scale applications. Hence, this research modelled and generated synthetic palm vein images from only a couple of initial samples using statistical features. Variations were introduced to the three optimized statistical features (S5; the original images were employed as training images and the best variation in the first experiment as training images, S4; the best variation in the first experiment as training images while the original images were used as testing images, S3; mean vectors, covariance matrices and correlation coefficient, S2; mean vectors and covariance matrices, S1; mean vectors, Non-Synthetic; acquired image) which were used to generate synthetic palm vein images employing statistical and Genetic Algorithm (GA) approaches and were evaluated based on Equal Error Rate (EER), Average Recognition Accuracy (ARA) and Average Recognition Time (ART). The results obtained from the experiment showed that EERs were 0.22, 0.51, 0.58 and 4.36 for S3, S2, S1 and NS respectively. S3 had superior ARA (99.83%) compared with S2 (99.77 %), S1 (99.70 %) and NS (98.33 %). The ARTs obtained were 84.97s, 75.55s, 84.04s and 681.74s for S1, S2, S3 and NS respectively with S2 (75.55s) having significantly least value. Furthermore, EER, ARA and ART for S4 were 0.43, 99.00%, and 12.13s, respectively while the corresponding values for S5 were 1.43, 97.50%, and 680.13s, respectively. The research outcome justifies the extraction of mean vectors, covariance matrices and correlation coefficient
ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF SELECTED PHARMACEUTICALS IN WATER AROUND HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENTS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFIndiscriminate disposal of pharmaceuticals through sewage, on-land and water-ways could contribute to water contamination in and around the hospital environment. This study determined the levels of Paracetamol, Metronidazole, Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in groundwater from three selected hospitals and their environs in Ogun State, Nigeria. Physicochemical properties were determined using standard analytical procedures while, solid phase extraction was employed for pre-concentration of the samples and quantification of the selected pharmaceuticals were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Ultraviolet (UV) detector. The result of physicochemical properties are as follows: pH ? 7.58, electrical conductivities ? 1720.05 µs/cm, total dissolved solids ? 808.40 mg/L, salinities ? 0.86 mg/L, chloride levels ? 509.43 mg/L and total hardness ? 8.50 mg/L. The pharmaceutical concentrations in the water samples (mg/L) are; Paracetamol ? 2.610, Metronidazole ? 0.331, Sulfamethoxazole ? 0.007 and Trimethoprim ? 0.058. The physicochemical properties of some of the samples did not conform to the permissible limits for potable water. Furthermore, though trace concentrations of the pharmaceuticals were found to be present, but level of some were higher than the WHO permissible limits for drinking water. Therefore, cautions needs to be taken in long-term consumption of these water as it could lead to drug resistance and other health-related adverse condition
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ENERGY-SAVING BULBS IN SELECTED NIGERIAN LOCATIONS WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODELLING
Get PDFThe performance evaluation of energy-saving bulbs in the Nigerian market is crucial in assisting energy auditing, which is beneficial to producers and consumers of electricity. Specifically, the high-power bills issued monthly by Electricity Distribution Company in most parts of Nigeria have made Nigerians in our various domestic homes embrace the latest lighting technology that consumes less energy.In this study, lighting system data were obtained from twenty-four households from different geographical zones in Nigeria. The performance evaluation of compact fluorescent light(CFL) bulbs was investigated and the observation was predicted with artificial neural networks (ANN) to enhance informed policy formulation and decision-makingResults showed that CFL bulbs givehigh-quality light that is cost-effective and environmentally friendly. ANN predicted the observation with high accuracie
PPLICATION OF TRICKLING FILTER WITH HYBRID BIOFILM SUPPORT MEDIA IN THE TREATMENT OF PETROLEUM EFFLUENT
Get PDFThe use of biological trickling filter (TF) system in the treatment of petroleum effluent using Luffa cylindrica-polystyrene hybrid as biofilm support medium for microbiological growth was evaluated. The efficiency of the treatment process was measured in terms of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5). The TF was set up with Luffa cylindrica-polystyrene hybrid biofilm support. The pilot scale trickling system was performed at an ambient temperature and the effluent from the system was measured for turbidity, COD and BOD5. The result showed that the turbidity of the effluent was reduced to 94 % at a hydraulic retention time of 6 hrs. The COD was also reduced from 327-26 mg/l at 6 hrs. representing 92 % reduction in the COD value. The results obtained also showed that the TF achieved 78 % reduction in BOD5.Therefore, the biological trickling filter treatment process appears to be a promising wastewater treatment method for petroleum effluent with respect to the turbidity, COD and BOD5 remova
OPTIMIZATION AND PROGNOSTIC MODEL FOR SPLITTING TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE PRODUCED FROM GRANITE AND RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATE
Get PDF Using recycled concrete aggregates from structural demolition wastes is presenting a potential application in the building industry as a substitute for natural aggregates. It preserves natural resources and brings about a reduction in the space needed as landfill disposal sites. This research was aimed at developing a prognostic model for splitting tensile strength of concrete produced from granite and recycled concrete aggregate. Thirteen rounds of experiments were considered utilizing the Central Composite Response Surface method. Granite was replaced with Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) in varying proportions from 0% to 100% while the water-cement ratio (w/c) was varied from 0.3 to 0.7. Samples were subjected to test after 7, 14 and 28 days curing. It was observed that with a surge in the fraction of RCA, the splitting tensile strength reduced at all levels of w/c ratio. 30% RCA at 0.5 w/c gave the optimum combination that resulted in the highest splitting tensile strength of 2.11 at 28 days. This result is 7.9 % lesser than the control splitting tensile strength of 2.2
EFFICACY AND EFFECT OF SELECTED BIO-COGULANT ON TREATMENT OF APONMU RIVER
Get PDF In the wastewater treatment process of coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation, natural coagulants may be used to reduce turbidity. Manihot Esculenta (cassava peel) and Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (orange peel) were employed as natural coagulants for the treatment of Aponmu river. The best overall results were obtained when alum was partially replaced with cassava peel (70% AL30% CA), with all parameters (BOD; 6.1mg/L, COD; 9.9mg/L, hardness; 85.6mg/L, and Cu; 0.07mg/L, at pH of 6.3) meeting WHO drinking water standards and accepted practices for water and wastewater examination. However, alum's negative environmental effects on the production of non-biodegradable sludge and lingering effects on treated water are greatly reduced by partial substitution
EFFECT OF PLANTAIN FIBRES IN COMPRESSED STABILIZED EARTH BLOCKS
Get PDFCompressed Stabilised Earth Blocks (CSEB) are building materials made from damp soil, stabiliser and water, compressed at high pressure to form blocks. They are primarily made in situ, making them a relatively cheap and available building material. This study was done to determine the effect of plantain fibre in compressed stabilised earth blocks. Both laterite and plantain stems were sourced locally, and the fibre was extracted from the plantain stem. A hydro form compaction machine extruded the blocks following ASTM C-62 Standard. A total of 450 samples were made. The compressive strengths of the samples were obtained using a Universal Testing Machine (OKH-600). A moisture absorption test was also carried out on all the samples, and a scanning electron microscopy image of the selected sample was obtained. Design Experts 7 statistical software was used to analyse the CSEB variance and optimise the compressive strength. The maximum compressive strength of 2.934±0.17 was obtained at an 8% cement ratio and 15g of plantain fibre for a block of 5kg, and the lowest compressive strength obtained after 28 days of curing was 1.230±0.05 at a 2% cement ratio and 5g of fibre. The analysis of variance for the response surface cubic model shows that the model is significant if the cement ratio is squared and if the cement ratio is raised to the power of three. From optimisation, the cement ratio of the range 5.47-5.57% has a desirability of 0.812, all having plantain fibre of 5g each. The optimum cement-plantain fibre stabilised mix ratio was obtained at 5.53% cement and 5g of plantain fibre for every 5kg of block produced
MODELING THE PERFORMANCE OF A BAOBAB SEED DECORTICATOR USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Get PDFDecortication of baobab seed manually after soaking or roasting is time consuming, labour-intensive and uneconomical. The demand for baobab kernel as a source of protein is increasing for use as supplement for animal protein ration, for edible oil consumption and for other industrial uses. To ameliorate this problem, a baobab seed decorticator has been developed. This study therefore focused on the effects of process parameters; moisture content of seed, speed of decorticator and concave-shaft clearance on percentage clean kernel (Pck), percentage broken kernel (Pbk), percentage whole seed (Pws) and decorticating efficiency (DE), using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In designing the experiments, Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was selected. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was carried out to evaluate and select the appropriate dependent (Pck Pbk, Pws and DE) and independent variables using both the F and P-values calculated at 95% confidence level (a=0.05). Mathematical models relating the process parameters to the responses were developed. The developed models were validated by comparing the predicted and actual experimental values. The selected quadratic models were adequate for predicting the performance of the developed decorticator. It was observed that a decrease in percentage clean kernel recovery would result if concave-shaft clearance and moisture content were increased. Likewise, the concave-shaft clearance had the highest positive effect while moisture content had the highest negative effect on percentage of broken kernel. All the three factors (process parameters) had positive effects on decorticating efficiency
REVIEW ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND VALOURIZATION OF WASTE COOKING OIL
Get PDF There is a large volume of waste cooking oil (WCO) in the world, which has made waste management extremely difficult. The main purpose of the large-scale organized collection of WCO is the synthesis of biodiesel. Although alternative applications are equally important and necessitate attention, the majority of studies focus primarily on the synthesis of biodiesel from WCO. The major objective of this review paper is to draw attention to the potential environmental implications of used cooking oil as well as its potential for reuse in products other than biodiesel. It can be transformed into direct-burn energy, biodiesel, hydrogen gas, pyrolytic oil, or hydrogen. Applications like combined heat and power generation (CHP) are where WCO is most useful. Additionally, it can be chemically processed to create biodegradable polyurethane sheets, soaps, alkyd resins, greases, and lubricants. WCO is a carbon source that can be used in fermentation processes to create polyhydroxybutyrate and rhamnolipid biosurfactant after being completely cleaned and sterilized. Therefore, waste cooking oil can be viewed as a waste that can be converted into energy or used as a catalyst for biological or chemical processes
ESTIMATION OF ATTRIBUTABLE FRACTION FOR MALARIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Get PDF This study applied the estimation of logit model of fever risk as a disease function of parasite density, age and season to give a more precise estimate. The data used for this study was obtained from the University College Hospital (UCH). Asymptomatic carriage of malaria parasites occurs frequently in endemic areas and the detection of parasites in a blood film from a febrile individual which does not necessarily indicate clinical malaria. In areas of very high transmission such estimates of the attributable fraction may be imprecise because very few individual pregnant women are without parasites. Furthermore, non-malaria fevers appear to suppress low levels of parasitaemia resulting in biased estimates of attributable fraction. We therefore, propose a qualitative response regression model for obtaining precise estimates of the probabilities of pregnant women with different level of parasitaemia having fever due to malaria. Logistic regression methods which model fever risk as a continuous function of parasite density, age, and season to give a more precise estimates than simple analyses of parasite prevalence and overcome problems of bias caused by the effects of non-malaria fevers. The result indicate that age is not a predicting factor affecting the pregnant women living in endemic areas, and also season has a slight effect while the parasite level is a major factor