LAUTECH Journal of Engineering and Technology (LAUJET)
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PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF INTEGRATED COCONUT GRATING AND MILK EXTRACTING DEVICE
Get PDFCoconut milk extraction from the kernel is usually done in two processes and with two different machines. First, the coconut meat is crushed into smaller pieces using a grater and then the grated meat is taken to an extracting device where the milk will be removed from the meat. This makes the process a bit cumbersome and time consuming. Hence, this work develops a suitable device with a simple design and easy to operate mechanism efficiently grating the coconut meat and extracting the milk in a single operation. The system is made up of a hopper, rolling grater, screw press, sieve, and an electric motor, all assembled on a metallic frame. The capacity of the grater was determined to be 299 kg/h. Three phases, 3 horse power electric gear motor was employed in running the machine with the speed of 750rpm during the performance evaluation of the device. The experimental machine gave the highest milk yield of 39.22% and an average milk yield of 36.04% which is about 81% of the moisture content of the coconut kernel. Also, the average milk extraction efficiency was 35.15%, showing that the machine can produce about 105 kg of milk per hour
AGGREGATE SIZES AND LAND USE TYPES INFLUENCE THE SOIL AGGREGATE STABILITY OF THE HUMID TROPICAL SOIL ENVIRONMENT
Get PDFThe impacts of the land use pattern and its management techniques on the size and stability of soil aggregates are still poorly understood. Thus, this study investigated the best aggregate size class suitable for testing soil aggregate stability under different land use types in a humid southwestern Nigeria. Surface soil samples (0–15 cm) were collected under five land use types: continuous arable maize, pasture, coconut, cacao and cassava plantations. The sizes of the tested aggregates were 2–5, 5–10, 10–13, and 13–15 mm. The soil aggregate size classes from the different land use types were subjected to a 5-min. simulated rainfall of 150 mm h-1. Two sieves with varying aperture sizes (1.0 and 0.5 mm) were used to test these aggregates under the rainfall simulator. The stability of soil aggregates tested on the 0.5 mm sieve did not significantly vary among aggregate size classes, regardless of land use types. However, there were significant variations in the stability of the soil aggregates evaluated on the 1.0 mm sieve between different land use types and aggregate size classes. The order of aggregate stability for soil under pasture (80.4%) > coconut (77.8%) > cocoa (65.9%) > cassava (51.1%) > maize (33.1%). The amount of soil organic carbon in the soils is directly correlated with this trend. The aggregate size classes of 5–10, 10–13 and 13–5 mm did not significantly differ in stability while the 2–5 mm class had significantly lower stability than the other classes. Due to significant high correlations of stability with soil organic carbon, aggregate size classes of 5–10 and 13–15 mm appear to be the best suitable for routine determination of aggregate stability in the study environment
DESIGN AND PRODUCTION OF ASBESTOS FREE BRAKE PAD USING CASHEW NUTSHELL
Get PDFA brake is a mechanical device used in controlling the speed of a moving vehicle using a frictional material and dissipates the absorbed kinetic energy as heat to the surroundings. A new brake pad composition has been developed with the Cashew Nutshell (CNSL), Silicon Carbide (SC), Steel Dust (SD), Carbon Black (CB), Epoxy Resin and Hardener (ERH). Five different samples of varying constituents were made with two different sieve sizes for each sample was investigated. The result showed that sample D of the 100 ?m with composition 55g of (CNSL), 15g of (SC), 10g of (SD), 5g of (CB) and 15g of Epoxy resin and hardener had the best properties. The Brinell hardness value, Coefficient of Friction, Porosity, Ash content, Density and Wear rate were 75.65, 0.3528 1.925, 45.6, 1.521 kg/m3 for 100 ?m and 1.17 respectively. These values are acceptable, though the 75?m samples fared better in many of the test results but lacked in the aspect of density when compared with the other sieve grades. This shows that Cashew Nutshell can be used as filler in the production of eco-friendly brake pads
OPTIMAL ROUTE DETERMINATION FOR POSTAL DELIVERY USING ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM
Get PDFThere are a lot of optimization challenges in the world, as we all know. The vehicle routing problem is one of the more complex and high-level problems. Vehicle Routing Problem is a real-life problem in the Postal Delivery System logistics and, if not properly attended to, can lead to wastage of resources that could have been directed towards other things. Several studies have been carried out to tackle this problem using different techniques and algorithms. This study used the Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm along with some powerful APIs to find an optimal route for the delivery of posts to customers in a Postal Delivering System. When Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm is used to solve the vehicle routing problem in transportation systems, each Ant's journey is mere “part” of a feasible solution. To put it in another way, numerous ants' pathways might make up a viable solution. Routes are determined for a delivery vehicle, with the objective of minimizing customer waiting time and operation cost. Experimental results indicate that the solution is optimal and more accurat
ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDE AND HEAVY METAL RESIDUE IN TWO VARIETIES OF BEANS SEED FROM AGO – IWOYE MARKET, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.
Get PDFBeans (Phaseolus Vulgaris) are one of the staple foods in Nigeria, in order to ensure food safety, foreign matter, and contaminants need to be monitored to be within the acceptable safe limit. Two varieties that are mostly consumed- Honey beans (Oloyin) and Brown beans (Olotu) were obtained from Ago-Iwoye market, Ogun state, southwest Nigeria. Heavy metals and Organochlorine pesticide analyses were carried out on them. The concentration of Pb and Cd ranged from BDL to 0.060 mg/kg and 0.010 to 0.040 mg/kg respectively, which is within the safe limit. However, it was observed that Fe content in Olotu beans was 0.278 mg/kg which is higher than the acceptable safe limit. Organochlorine Pesticides residue indicates the presence of Endrin Ketone with 15.740 mg/kg and 19.820 mg/kg and o,p ‘-DDT range of BDL – 0.030 mg/kg for both beans respectively
DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF GREEN -VEGETABLES SLICING MACHINE
No full textRequirements of food processing units are sensitive and must be in conformity with hygiene and time requirement. Continuous work on the development of machines that are involved in the processing of edibles should be carried out. Traditionally, green-vegetables are plucked raw which often require time and also compromise hygiene. However, the several works done on green-vegetable slicing equipment have added improvement to ways by processing and or consumption. This article attempted the development of green-vegetable slicing machine and also evaluated the performance of same. Existing vegetable slicing machines were studied through literature and process design for development was carried out. Cutting capacity of 1.5 kg and 25 g of uniform slicing were used to evaluate the performance of the developed green-vegetable slicing machine. The shortcomings in the existing slicing machines reduced while reducing loss of sliced and also with uniform slices. Existing vegetable machines has experienced loss and associated time. The developed machine has a significantly improved efficiency to 96%.  
MIXED LIGAND NICKEL(II) COMPLEXES OF BENZOYLTRIFLUOROACETONE WITH 2,2?-BIPYRIDINE, 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE AND TETRAMETHYLETHYLENEDIAMINE: SYNTHESIS, SPECTROSCOPIC AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES
Get PDFA series of nickel (II) complexes of 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione(bta) ligand mixed with 2,2¢-bipyridine (bipy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), and tetramethylethylenediamine(tmen) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, magnetic and antimicrobial studies . A distorted square pyramidal nickel(II) complexes with the formular [Ni(bta)(N-N)(X)].H2O was formed with the bta ligand, where bta coordinated with the nickel ion through the two oxygen atom, the N-N donor ligand bonding with two nitrogen atom and the fifth coordination position occupied by the NO3 molecule. On the other hand, the complexes; [Ni(bta)2tmen] and [Ni(bta)(bzac)bipy].H2O exhibited an octahedral geometry. The microbiostatic activity revealed that the [Ni(bta)(phen)(NO3)].H2O and [Ni(bta)(bipy)(NO3)].H2O lacked antibacterial activity
A HYBRID MACHINE LEARNING MODEL FOR NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION
Get PDF Intrusion detection is a significant challenge in network security, as it involves detecting unseen attacks in a network or system. In this research, we aimed to build a hybrid machine learning model for intrusion detection using artificial intelligence (AI). To do this, we used the KDD CUP 99 dataset and applied two machine learning algorithms: AdaBoost and Stochastic Gradient Descent Classifier (SGDC). These algorithms were combined to form two hybrid models: SGDC_ADA and ADA_SGDC. The results of our study showed that the SGDC_ADA model had an accuracy of 0.97 and outperformed the ADA_SGDC model, which had an accuracy of 0.96. In addition, the SGDC_ADA model had an average precision of 0.97, average recall of 0.96, and average F1-score of 0.97, while the ADA_SGDC model had an average precision of 0.96, average recall of 0.95, and average F1-score of 0.96. Overall, our research suggests that the SGDC_ADA hybrid model is an effective method for intrusion detection, with high accuracy and low error rates. This model may be useful in improving network security and protecting against unseen attacks
OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SYNTHESIZED BIODIESEL PRODUCED FROM REFINED PALM KERNEL OIL
Get PDF In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the transesterification reaction of refined palm kernel oil for biodiesel production. The three main factors that drive the conversion of triglycerides into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were studied according to a full factorial design at two levels. These factors were catalyst (NaOH) concentration, temperature and reaction time. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significance of the factors and their interactions which primarily affect the first of the two transesterification sets. The effect of reaction parameters (molar ratio, catalyst weight and reaction time) was studied using RSM while the reaction temperature was kept constant at 60oC. Optimum methyl ester yields 93% was obtained at oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:3(0.33), a catalyst load of 2.3g and reaction time of 140 minutes. The optimum methyl ester was characterized for fuel properties and the results obtained ascertain the eligibility of palm kernel oil methyl ester for use in diesel engines since they were within the acceptable standards set by American Society of Testing and Material (ASTM D 6751). And also, the study showed a good agreement with the experimental results, demonstrating that this methodology may be useful for industrial process optimization
DEVELOPMENT OF A CLOUD BASED STUDENT INFORMATION CHATBOT SYSTEM
Get PDFThe development of chatbot system is an algorithm that analyzes the student queries and reply messages. In this system, artificial intelligence is built to answer the query of the student. The specific objectives are to determine the required features for the construction of knowledge base, design and implement the model, evaluate the performance of the developed system. Samples of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) was collected from the department of Student Affairs, Admission Office and Information Management and Technology Center (IMTC) of the university. The collected sample was analyzed based on the category of question and the model was designed using Unified Modeling Language (UML). The model was implemented with python programming language, HTML, CSS, JavaScript for the client sever side, and also Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML) () and MySQL for the back end. The developed system performance was evaluated using Alpha Beta testing. The proposed system was successfully tested to denote its effectiveness and achievability. It totally eliminates the manual process of retrieving information about a particular domain and reduces manpower, time, for any individual. The developed system will provide adequate assistance to the student on FAQ, thereby reducing the time in visiting the college to enquire about the information in respect of school activities. It will also provide an enabling environment for the students to keep them updated about the school activities