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Improving Self-Care and Self-Efficacy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients by Online DSME Educational Videos
No full textApproximately 39.2% of individuals diagnosed with diabetes experience complications. The most common complication reported is diabetic foot, affecting 43.4% of those with complications, followed by nephropathy at 29.5%. Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) is essential in type 2 diabetes care, as it equips patients with the skills and confidence needed to manage their condition effectively, thereby reducing complications, enhancing quality of life, and minimising healthcare costs. This study aimed to determine the effect of DSME online educational videos on self-care and self-efficacy of type 2 DM patients. A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 696 diabetic type 2 outpatients from February to March 2023. The patient was selected for purposive sampling from Tamansari Health Center Tasikmalaya Regency. The intervention group (n = 21) received 1 week of online videos about DSME health education in every day. The control group (n = 21) received regular health education in Tamansari Health Centre as care services. Data were collected using The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) and Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) questionnaires. Data were analysed using paired t-test and independent t-test analysis. There is an effect after being given online DSME educational videos on self-care and self-efficacy of type 2 DM patients with a significance value of self-care and self-efficacy p = 0.000 (p <0.05), it can be concluded that the use of online DSME educational videos affects increasing self-care and self-efficacy of type 2 DM patients.
Type of Occupation and Smoking Behavior: A Multinomial Analysis of Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS) Indonesia
No full textSmoking remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, with occupation playing a key role in shaping smoking behavior. This study investigated how occupational type affects smoking behavior among Indonesian adults. This study was using data from the 2021 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), which included 9,155 respondents. The dependent variable was smoking behavior (daily smoker, non-daily smoker, or never smoker), and the main independent variable was occupational type. Control variables included age, gender, education level, and place of residence. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-square test, ANOVA, and multinomial logistic regression. The results showed that 25.47% of adults were daily smokers, 5.95% were non-daily smokers, and 68.57% were never smokers. Most participants were unemployed (47.67%), indoors workers (15.03%), outdoors (32.90%), or in both settings (4.40%). Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between smoking behavior and type of occupation, gender, education, place of residence, and age. Daily smoking was more common among men, individuals with lower education, rural residents, and outdoor workers. Multivariate analysis indicated that outdoor workers were significantly more likely to smoke daily than indoor workers (OR = 1.36–1.96). Compared with unemployed individuals, those occupation indoors, outdoors, and in both environments were 1.82, 2.87, and 2.94 times more likely to smoke daily, respectively. These findings suggest that employment, especially outdoor employment, is strongly associated with daily smoking. Targeted smoking prevention programs should prioritize outdoor workers, men, rural residents, and those with lower education levels
PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG SORGUM DAN TEPUNG KACANG TANAH PADA PEMBUATAN SNACK BAR
No full textThe most dangerous food problem facing the world today is protein energy deficiency (KEP). Considering that children under five years of age often experience disorders related to lack of protein and energy, KEP refers to children who experience malnutrition due to low daily energy and protein intake or due to certain diseases. Snack bars are emergency food in the form of solid sticks that are rich in important nutrients, protein and calories that the body needs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional content and level of preference for snack bars made with substitute ingredients for peanuts and sorghum flour. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) and three substitution treatments of sorghum flour and peanut flour at P1 (40%:40), P2 (50%:30%), and P3 (60%:20%)—an experimental study. . methodology. Research findings show that treatments P1 to P3 on average fall into similar groups. However, the Tukey test was added after the ANOVA test results showed that there were real differences between the three treatments in color, texture, aroma and taste. P1 has the most nutritional value, with energy (1,362.12 grams), protein (45.17 grams), fat (77.5 grams), and carbohydrates (132.47 grams) making up the energy nutritional value. In summary, treatments P1 to P3 generally belong to the same group. Based on the results of nutritional value and acceptability tests, P2 is the recommended snack bar because it tastes the best.Masalah pangan paling berbahaya yang dihadapi dunia saat ini adalah kekurangan energi protein (KEP). Mengingat anak-anak di bawah usia lima tahun sering mengalami gangguan terkait kekurangan protein dan energi, maka PEM mengacu pada anak-anak yang mengalami gizi buruk akibat rendahnya asupan energi dan protein harian atau karena penyakit tertentu. Snack bar merupakan makanan darurat berbentuk stik padat yang kaya akan nutrisi penting, protein, dan kalori yang dibutuhkan tubuh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kandungan gizi dan tingkat preferensi snack bar yang dibuat dengan bahan pengganti kacang tanah dan tepung sorgum. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dan tiga perlakuan substitusi tepung sorgum dan tepung kacang tanah pada P1 (40%:40), P2 (50%:30%), dan P3 (60%:20%)—merupakan penelitian eksperimental. metodologi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan P1 hingga P3 rata-rata termasuk dalam kelompok serupa. Namun ditambahkan uji Tukey setelah hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan nyata antara ketiga perlakuan warna, tekstur, aroma, dan rasa. P1 mempunyai nilai gizi paling banyak, dengan Energi (1.362,12 gram), protein (45,17 gram), lemak (77,5 gram), dan karbohidrat (132,47 gram) merupakan nilai gizi energi. Ringkasnya, perlakuan P1 hingga P3 umumnya termasuk dalam kelompok yang sama. Berdasarkan hasil uji nilai gizi dan akseptabilitas, P2 merupakan snack bar yang disarankan karena rasanya paling enak
PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN HIGIENE PERORANGAN DAN SANITASI KANDANG AYAM BROILER BAGI PETERNAK MELALUI PENYULUHAN DAN PRAKTIK CTPS
No full textPoor sanitary conditions in the chicken coop environment can trigger the growth of bacteria, including Escherichia bacteria. coli, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and others. These bacteria can cause diseases such as diarrhea, respiratory infections, skin diseases and meningitis. These diseases will easily infect if supported by poor individual farmer hygiene. The purpose of community service is to improve the quality of the environment around the broiler chicken coop in Sumlili Village by providing counseling on chicken coop hygiene and sanitation, proper CTPS practices and providing CTPS facilities for chicken coop owners. The method of service is to conduct surveys, approach and location permits to the Sumlili Village Government, socialize activities, counseling, provide CTPS facilities, practice CTPS properly, and monitor and evaluate activities. This community service activity is in collaboration with Sumlili Village, especially Hamlet I and involves the community of broiler breeders/owners of broiler chicken coops and village officials of Dusun I Sumlili Village. Monitoring and evaluation of community service activities is carried out on the activity process, community presence, monitoring the use and maintenance of facilities. The results of this activity are increasing public knowledge about personal hygiene and sanitation of chicken coops, maintenance of chicken coops and the impact of contamination of pollutant sources on health and the environment, provision of CTPS facilities and CTPS practices that have been carried out correctly by activity participants.Kondisi sanitasi lingkungan kandang ayam yang buruk dapat memicu pertumbuhan bakteri, diantaranya bakteri Eschericia. coli, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, dan lain lain. Bakteri-bakteri tersebut bisa mengakibatkan penyakit seperti diare, ISPA, penyakit kulit dan meningitis. Penyakit-penyakit tersebut akan mudah menjangkiti apabila didukung oleh hygiene perorangan peternak yang buruk pula. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat adalah untuk meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan sekitar kandang ayam broiler di Desa Sumlili dengan memberikan penyuluhan tentang hygiene dan sanitasi kandang ayam, praktik CTPS dengan benar serta pemberian sarana CTPS bagi pemilik kandang ayam. Metode pengabdian adalah melakukan survei, pendekatan dan ijin lokasi kepada Pemerintah Desa Sumlili, sosialisasi kegiatan, penyuluhan, pemberian sarana CTPS, praktik CTPS dengan benar, serta monitoring dan evaluasi kegiatan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bekerja sama dengan pihak Desa Sumlili khususnya Dusun I dan melibatkan masyarakat peternak/pemilik kandang ayam broiler dan perangkat desa Dusun I Desa Sumlili. Monitoring dan evaluasi kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan terhadap proses kegiatan, kehadiran masyarakat, melakukan pemantauan terhadap pemanfaatan dan pemeliharaan kandang ayam dan sarana CTPS. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang hygiene perorangan dan sanitasi kandang ayam, pemeliharaan kandang ayam serta dampak kontaminasi sumber pencemar terhadap kesehatan dan lingkungan, pemberian sarana CTPS serta praktik CTPS yang telah dilakukan dengan benar oleh peserta kegiatan
Penerapan Asuhan Keperawatan pada Ny. M. E. Dengan Asma Bronkial di RSUD Ende :
No full textAccording to Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS, 2018), the prevalence rate of asthma at all ages in Indonesia is 2.5%. The incidence of asthma is most common in the age group of 75 years and above and begins to decrease in the age group of 15-24 years. The role of nurses in providing nursing care to patients is by providing pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacology and providing education about bronchial asthma. In the implementation of nursing care in asthma cases, nurses are challenged or have problems with the lack of understanding of nurses about the use of literature in setting service standards such as having to use the Indonesia Nursing Diagnostic Standards (SDKI), Indonesia Nursing Output Standards (SLKI), Indonesia Nursing Intervention Standards (SIKI) and patient non-compliance in preventing asthma attacks. This case study aims to describe the nursing care of Mrs. M. E. with a medical diagnosis of bronchial asthma and analyze the gap between theory and real cases. The method used is a case study with a nursing care approach which includes review, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation of nursing. The results of the case study found three nursing problems in the case, namely ineffective airway clearance related to airway hypersecretion, ineffective breathing patterns related to inhibition of breathing effort, and sleep pattern disorders related to shortness of breath. Nursing interventions and implementations are designed and implemented with dependent actions such as observation, education and interdependent such as collaborative actions. After 3 days of implementation, the problem of ineffective airway cleaning was partially resolved, and the problem of ineffective breathing patterns and sleep pattern disorders was resolved. After 3 days of implementation, the nursing problem of ineffective breathing patterns and sleep pattern disorders was resolved, while the problem of ineffective airway clearance was partially resolved and it was recommended for patients and families to follow all recommendations from health workers with the aim of preventing the onset of more severe complicationsDalam pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan pada kasus asma, perawat mendapat tantangan atau permasalahan kurangnya pemahaman perawat akan penggunaan literature dalam penetapan standar pelayanan seperti harus menggunakan buku Standar Diagnosa Keperawatan Indonesia (SDKI), Standar Luaran Keperawatan Indonesia (SLKI), Standar Intervensi Keperawatan Indonesia (SIKI) serta ketidakpatuhan pasien dalam mencegah timbulnya serangan asma. Studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan asuhan keperawatan pada Ny. M. E. dengan diagnosa medis asma bronkial dan menganalisis kesenjangan antara teori dan kasus nyata. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dengan pendekatan asuhan keperawatan yang meliputi pengkajian, diagnosa, perencanaan, implementasi dan evaluasi keperawatan. Hasil studi kasus ditemukan tiga masalah keperawatan pada kasus yaitu bersihan jalan napas tidak efektif berhubungan dengan hipersekresi jalan napas, pola napas tidak efektif berhubungan dengan hambatan upaya napas, dan gangguan pola tidur berhubungan dengan sesak napas. Intervensi dan implementasi keperawatan dirancang dan dilaksanakan dengan tindakan dependen seperti observasi, edukasi dan interdependen seperti tindakan kolaborasi. Setelah dilaksanakan implementasi selama 3 hari masalah bersihan jalan napas tidak efektif teratasi sebagian dan masalah pola napas tidak efektif dan gangguan pola tidur teratasi. Setelah dilaksanakan implementasi selama 3 hari masalah keperawatan pola napas tidak efektif dan gangguan pola tidur teratasi sedangkan masalah bersihan jalan napas tidak efektif teratasi sebagian dan disarankan untuk pasien dan keluarga agar mengikuti semua anjuran dari petugas kesehatan dengan tujuan mencegah timbulnya komplikasi yang lebih parah
Nanoemulsion of Curcuma longa Extract Improves the Developmental Process in High Glucose-Induced Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos
Full text linkGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is hyperglycemia during pregnancy, which can increase oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This oxidative stress can adversely affect fetal developmental processes, including body length, ocular development, blood flow, and heart rate. Curcuma longa extract, containing curcumin, has been shown to possess antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Nanoemulsions have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of herbal compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a nanoemulsion of Curcuma longa extract on body length, ocular apoptosis, blood flow, and heart rate in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to high glucose concentrations. Zebrafish has many benefits as it has 70% orthologous genes with humans, high fecundity, and rapid embryogenesis. Nanoemulsions were prepared using the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) technique. Embryos were allocated to five groups: control, 3% glucose, and 3% glucose with 1.25, 2.5, or 5 µg/mL nanoemulsion of Curcuma longa extract. The results showed that a 1.25 µg/mL nanoemulsion of Curcuma longa extract reduced phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression, increased body length, and mitigated developmental process disorders by decreasing ocular apoptosis and maintaining blood flow and heart rate in high glucose-induced zebrafish embryos. These findings suggest that a nanoemulsion of Curcuma longa extract may have potential therapeutic applications in managing the adverse effects of hyperglycemia on fetal development in GDM
Application of The Family Support Model to Increase Elderly Independence
Full text linkElderly independence is essential for maintaining quality of life and functional ability. Family involvement has been shown to support this independence, but evidence from quasi-experimental studies in Indonesia remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Family Support Model on elderly independence in selected Public Health Center areas of Yogyakarta and Central Java. A quasi-experimental design with pre-post-test control group was conducted from March to October 2022. A total of 96 elderly participants without chronic illness were purposively assigned to experimental (n=48) and control groups (n=48). The intervention applied the Family Support Model, which included family education, structured assistance with daily activities, weekly follow-ups, and joint problem-solving involving families and health personnel. Independence was assessed using a validated questionnaire based on the Katz Index, covering both Basic (BADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Measurements were conducted at baseline, and at one, two, and three months post-intervention. Results showed a significant increase in self-care independence in the experimental group from 0% to 97.8%, and a decrease in self-care deficit from 63% to 2.2%. In contrast, the control group showed modest improvements, with independence increasing from 0% to 32.6%, and deficit decreasing from 78.3% to 67.4%. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences between groups over time (p < 0.001). The conclusion is the Family Support Model is effective in enhancing elderly independence. It can be adopted as a practical, community-based intervention to sustain daily functioning and improve the quality of life among older adults
The Impact of Caesarean Section and Place of Delivery on Utilization of Postpartum Care in Bangladesh
Full text linkPostpartum care is a critical component of maternal health, as it helps prevent complications and ensures the well-being of both mother and newborn. Despite global improvements in maternal healthcare, disparities in postpartum care utilization remain a significant public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Bangladesh. This study aimed to examine the impact of caesarean section and place of delivery on the utilization of postpartum care among women in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted using nationally representative survey data, analyzing women who had delivered at health facilities. Univariate analysis described the distribution of sociodemographic characteristics and delivery-related factors, while bivariate analysis employed Chi-square tests to examine associations between independent variables and postpartum care utilization. Multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression assessed the adjusted impact of caesarean section, place of delivery, prenatal care, and household wealth on postpartum care uptake. The results revealed that women who delivered by non-caesarean section were 55% less likely to utilize postpartum care compared to those delivered via caesarean section. Women who delivered at private health facilities were 1.22 times more likely to utilize postpartum care than those at public facilities. Not receiving prenatal care decreased the probability of postpartum care by 55%, while women from the fourth wealth quintile and richest households were 1.58 and 2.60 times more likely, respectively, to access postpartum services compared to the poorest households. These findings underscore the importance of promoting equitable access to postpartum care, particularly for women delivering vaginally, at public facilities, or from lower-income households. Targeted policies that train providers in standardized postpartum care, strengthen follow-up through digital reminders and community health workers, and expand access in underserved areas can reduce disparities and improve maternal health outcomes in Bangladesh
Impact of Access to Mass Media and ICT on Knowledge of HIV Transmission During Pregnancy Among Women of Reproductive Age in the Republic of Fiji
Full text linkAccess to accurate health information plays a pivotal role in shaping women’s awareness and practices regarding HIV prevention, particularly during pregnancy. Mass media and information and communication technology (ICT) serve as crucial platforms for disseminating knowledge that can reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This study aims to examine the impact of access to mass media and ICT on women’s knowledge of HIV transmission during pregnancy. This study utilized secondary data from the 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) in Fiji, conducted by the Fiji Bureau of Statistics in collaboration with UNICEF. A total of 3,649 women aged 15–49 years were included after excluding missing values. The outcome variable was knowledge of HIV transmission during pregnancy, while main independent variables were access to mass media and ICT, along with sociodemographic factors. Data analysis consisted of univariate, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression, with significance set at p <0.05. The findings revealed that only 59.36% of women correctly identified that HIV can be transmitted during pregnancy. The findings revealed that only 59.36% of women correctly identified that HIV can be transmitted during pregnancy. Several factors were significantly associated with HIV knowledge, including internet use, mobile phone ownership, reading newspapers, age group, marital status, and education. Among these, internet use and reading newspapers were found to substantially increase the likelihood of having HIV knowledge, while higher education and older age served as strong predictors. In contrast, women from the richest households and those who had never married showed lower odds of being knowledgeable about HIV transmission during pregnancy. Access to mass media, ICT, age, marital status, and education significantly influenced women’s knowledge of HIV transmission during pregnancy. These findings highlight the need to integrate HIV education into antenatal care, community programs, and digital platforms to improve maternal knowledge
Contribution of Household Sanitation to Acute Respiratory Infection Symptoms Among Children: Analysis of the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey
Full text linkAcute Respiratory Infections (ARI) remain one of the primary causes of mortality among children under 5 in Indonesia, and poor inadequate drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions can exacerbated the transmission of respiratory pathogens. However, their association with ARIs in Indonesia remains underreported. This study aimed to analyze the contribution of these sanitation conditions to ARI symptoms in children under five in Indonesia. This research method was cross-sectional quantitative design study based on secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), based on secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), which was the most recent available at the time of the study. The determined sample consisted all toddlers aged 0-59 months, from women aged 15-49 years. The weighted sample that met the inclusion criteria (children aged 0-59 months, living with their parents, willing to answer questions) and exclusion criteria (missing data and "don\u27t know" answers) consisted of 16,681 observations. Independent variables included sanitation infrastructure, mother’s education, wealth index, and residential location. The dependent variable was reported ARI symptoms in 2 weeks prior to the interview by their mother. Data were analyzed using CI 95% logistic regression to determine associations, and pathway analysis was conducted to explore the direct and indirect relationships among variables. Poor toilet facilities [OR: 1.80, CI: 1.46-2,27] increased the risk of ARI symptom, meanwhile treated water before consumption reduce the risk [OR:0.63, CI:0.51-0.77]. Long travel distances to clean water aslo were found as factor that increased the risk of ARI symptoms [OR:2.31, CI:0.65-3.02]. Indirect factors such as low mother’s education, low wealth index, and rural residency, also contributed to ARI symptoms in children. In conclusion, inadequate household sanitation significantly contribute to ARI symptoms in children under five in Indonesia. These findings underscore the need for improved sanitation infrastructure and targeted health interventions in vulnerable communities.