International Journal of Advances in Medical Biotechnology (IJAMB)
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Abstracts of the 1st Meeting on Natural Polymers - EPNAT
No full textMEETING OF NATURAL POLYMERS - EPNATUNIARA - USP - UNIFESP - UNESPThe 1st Meeting of Natural Polymers took place on August 5th and 6th, 2019, in the city of Araraquara - São Paulo, and had as main theme "Applications and Perspectives."The objective was to bring together entrepreneurs, undergraduate, and graduate students and professors to discuss new research challenges and strategies for different applications of natural polymers.The event was attended by researchers from University of Araraquara (Uniara) - Araraquara, University of São Paulo (USP) - Pirassununga, São Paulo State University (UNESP) - Araraquara, and Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp) - Diadema institutions, all located in the State of São Paulo.
Effects of calcium phosphates incorporation on structural, thermal and drug-delivery properties of collagen:chitosan scaffolds
Get PDFIn this study, we evaluated how different procedures of calcium phosphate synthesis and its incorporation in collagen:chitosan scaffolds could affect their structural and thermal properties, aiming the obtention of homogeneous scaffolds which can act as drug delivery vehicles in bone tissue engineering. Therefore, three different scaffold preparation procedures were developed, changing the order of addition of the components: in CC-CNPM1 and CC-CNPM2, calcium phosphate synthesis was performed in situ in the chitosan gel (1%, w/w) followed by mixture with collagen (1%, w/w), with changes in the reagents used for calcium phosphate formation; in CC-CNPM3 procedure, calcium phosphate was synthesized ex situ and then incorporated into the collagen gel, in which chitosan in powder was mixed. In all procedures, 5% (in dry mass) of ciprofloxacin was incorporated. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of calcium phosphate in all scaffolds. DSC curves showed that collagen denaturation temperature (Td) increased with calcium incorporation. SEM photomicrographs of scaffolds cross-section revealed porous scaffolds with calcium phosphate grains internally distributed in the polymeric matrix. XRD diffractograms indicated that the calcium phosphates obtained are hydroxyapatite. The pore size distribution was more homogeneous for CC-CNPM3, which also stood out for its smaller porosity and lower absorption in PBS. These results indicate that the in situ or ex situ phosphate incorporation in the scaffolds had a great influence on its structural properties, which also had consequences for ciprofloxacin release. CC-CNPM3 released a smaller amount of antibiotic (30%), but its release profile was better described by all the tested models
Biotechnology applied for sustainable development: social responsibility in the Industry 4.0
Get PDFThis research was conducted from a review of bibliographic content on Biotechnology, sustainable development, social responsibility and Industry 4.0. The goal endows the understanding of the role of Biotechnology as a science in sustainable development in this historical phase experienced by humanity, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, verifying what would be the social responsibility of Industry 4.0 in this context. Dialectical and historical methods were used to systematize the obtained data. The importance of maintaining the environmental balance through sustainable practices in the daily life of Industry 4.0 has been demonstrated to comply with the constitutional principle of the social function of property. However, in order to achieve sustainable development, the economic and social aspects, besides the environmental, must be considered. The relevance of Biotechnology in this process has been proven as a driving force for sustainable development. It is hoped with this research to mobilize the academic community and the society in the fight against environmental degradation, bringing knowledge about the role of Biotechnology in this process, in the context of Industry 4.0, and demonstrating the need for companies, professionals and governments to adapt to this new and unknown reality in order to face the problems that are already emerging, always taking into consideration the protection of human rights, especially the healthy and balanced environment, safety, life and dignity of the human person
Finite element analysis of temporomandibular Joint: detachment of the lateral pterygoid muscle
No full textIn biomedical engineering field, Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is considered as a bi-component joint composed by fossa and condyle. It is considered the most active human joint and it performs daily activities such as speaking and chewing. Due to cyclic loading, TMJ disorders impair TMJ function so that it is necessary to replace the natural joint with an alloplastic prosthesis TMJ orthopedic prosthesis are made of metal alloys and ultra high molecular weight polymers. According to the literature, TMJ replacement surgery is commonly performed worldwide achieving good outcomes. However clinical outcomes point out that TMJ prosthesis present reduced joint kinematics with a limited translational mobility compared to natural joint. In case of unilateral TMJ replacement, this result generates a unilateral hipomobility and a contralateral overload. According to previous studies, this is caused by lateral pterygoid muscle detachment during condylectomy of replacement surgery. To investigate this phenomenon, this study use computational simulation with Ansys software. Finite element analysis is performed with the aim of evaluating effect of unilateral and bilateral pterygoid muscle detachment on mechanical behaviour of a natural human mandible subjected to molar and incisal bite
Abstracts of the1st International Digital Congress on 3D Biofabrication and Bioprinting (3DBB)
No full textThe 1st International Digital Congress on 3D Biofabrication and Bioprinting (3DBB) took place on from 26 to 28th August 2020, in the city of Araraquara - São Paulo, Brazil
Effects of grape seed extract on properties of type I collagen scaffolds
Get PDF To obtain a material with potential for use in tissue engineering, anionic collagen was obtained from porcine serosa (S) and bovine tendon (T) by alkaline hydrolysis for 72h. Part of this collagen was mixed with water to obtain 4 % (weight/weight) collagen suspension and part was solubilized in acetic acid pH 3.5 to obtain 1.5% (w/w) gel. The suspensions were mixed with their respective gels (2:1) (suspension: gel) and grape seed extract, whose main product is proanthocyanidin, was added at concentrations of 0.03% and 0.5%, thus obtaining the scaffolds SC (serosa collagen suspension and gel), TC (tendon collagen suspension and gel), SCP003 (SC with 0.03% extract), TCP003 (TC with 0.03% extract), SCP05 (SC with 0.5% extract added) and TCP05 (TC with 0.5% extract). The materials were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and characterized by phosphate buffered saline absorption assay and in vitro biological stability assay. By DSC it is observed that the addition of 0.5% of extract increases the denaturation temperature (Td) of collagen, indicating that at this concentration the extract acts as polymer crosslinking agent. SEM shows disorganized cross-section pores in all scaffolds, not exceeding 130 ?m. Absorption and degradation assays indicated that the addition of 0.5% extract increases the absorption of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) by the scaffolds and decreases the degradation percentage by collagenase. These results suggests that the scaffolds can be used for different applications, e.g. as hemostatic agent.
Biotechnology and vaccines
Get PDFBiotechnology has demonstrated its importance for health development, especially in the discovery of new drugs and production of vaccines. On account of the occurrence of many diseases that have killed millions of people in the world, vaccines were developed to control infections and prevent diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, protozoans and fungi, and even eradicate them, as is the case of smallpox. Vaccines can be of first, second and third generation. Currently, vaccine manufacturing can be directed to the use of DNA containing the gene that encodes an antigenic protein. The present work is a literature review, with the objective to present the first-, second- and third-generation vaccines, as well as to make an analysis of the use of these vaccines in Brazil
A study on corrosion resistance of ISO 5832-1 austenitic stainless steel used as orthopedic implant
Get PDFThe ISO 5832-1 austenitic stainless steel used as biomaterial is largely applied in the area of orthopedics, especially in the manufacture of implants, such as temporary or permanent replacement of bone structures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the localized corrosion resistance of the ISO 5832-1 stainless steel used in orthopedic implants by electrochemical tests in two different solutions. The results of this study are of great interest to evaluate the corrosion of metallic implants that can result in the release of corrosion products into bodily fluids causing possible adverse biological reactions. The determination of the chemical elements in the composition of the ISO 5832-1 stainless steel was performed by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The samples for electrochemical tests were grinded with silicon carbide paper up to #4000 finishing, followed by mechanical polishing with diamond paste. The open circuit potential measurements and anodic polarization curves were obtained in solution of 0.90 wt. % of NaCl and of simulated body fluid (SBF). The results indicated that the ISO 5832-1 stainless steel presented a high resistance to crevice corrosion in simulated body fluid solution but high susceptibility to this form of corrosion in the chloride solution.
 
Synthesis and Characterization of S-IPN Hydrogels of Chitosan/PVA/PNIPAm to be Used in the Design of Nucleus Pulposus Prosthesis
Get PDFHydrogels (HG) have been widely used in biomedical applications due to their high-water content which improves their biocompatibility with living tissue. In this study, Chitosan (CS) hydrogels cross-linked with Genipin and semi interpenetrated network (S-IPN) with PVA/PNIPAm were prepared to be used in the design of nucleus pulposus (NP) prosthesis. Chemical structure, morphology, swelling ratio (SR), mechanical properties and cytotoxicity were evaluated through a variation of the Genipin percentage and CS/PVA/PNIPAm proportions. Those experiments were carried out through Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, swelling studies, dynamic rheology, and hemocompatibility tests. The results showed that regardless of the Genipin percentage or polymers proportions, all HGs had interconnective porous structure. What did change microstructurally, was the pore size, its size distribution and the wall thickness. Firstly, an increment in the Genipin percentage and in the CS proportion concluded in an augmentation of the pore size. Secondly, an augmentation in the PVA proportion ended up producing smaller pores, with larger wall thickness and more homogeneous pore size distribution. The variation in PNIPAm proportion didn´t influence the morphology, but did have an impact on the SR and storage modulus (G´) augmenting in both cases as the PNIPAm proportion. The swelling ratio turned out to be related to the pore morphology; as smaller the pore size, smaller the SR. Likewise, the storage modulus rose insofar the SR diminished. In these S-IPN HGs, G´ varied between 77 Pa and 27000 Pa, values below and above G´ reported for human NP. Also, ? varied between 1.4° and 13.17° while the ? reported for NP is 23°-31°. Finally, the hemocompatibility tests did not show cellular lysis for any formulation. These outcomes demonstrated that from the rheological and hemocompatibility point of view, this kind of as semi interpenetrated networks (S-IPNs) HGs can be tailored to attain the NP´s propertie
