International Journal of Advances in Medical Biotechnology (IJAMB)
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Evaluation of decellularization of porcine pericardium: Decellularization of porcine pericardium
Get PDFThe porcine pericardium has been used for its great potential as a biological scaffold, produced from the extracellular matrix (ECM) and used mainly in surgeries reconstructive, tissue repair and surgical procedures for corneal reconstruction. The adequate preservation and biocompatibility of the pericardial ECM structure during the decellularization process is fundamental, the biggest challenge being the total removal of cellular material without damage to the structure. All agents used in decellularization change the composition and cause some damage to the ultrastructure. Sodium Dodecil Sulfate (SDS) is the most effective for removing cell residue from tissue compared to other detergents, which is also the most used for the decellularization process. This work aimed to test 3 different concentrations of SDS, in order to assess the concentration (0.1, 0.5 and 1%) that best preserves the structure of the ECM pericardial. In addition, we listed the type of daily wash to make the process more effective (only distilled water or PBS 1x), in order to assess the concentration capable of decellularizing the tissue and better preserving the pericardial ECM. The concentration of SDS at 1%, when compared to the lowest concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5%, was more effective in the decellularization process, however it did not obtain good results in the preservation of the ECM. Regarding daily washing, there was no difference in the frequency assessed in the experimental groups
Silk: history, obtaining, structure and properties of an old material in the development of new technologies
Get PDFThe silk produced in the Bombyx mori’ glands and used in the preparation of the cocoons has been employed in the textile industry millennia ago in fabric production. These cocoons are composed mainly of fibroin (SF, Silk Fibroin), a fibrous protein that presents unique mechanical properties, in addition to being a biocompatible, biodegradable and low-cost source. This protein can be extracted from these cocoons by being processed in aqueous medium and used to obtain the most diverse materials for different applications, such as biomaterials development as body implants and in the composition of the scaffolds for tissue engineering, moreover to photonic devices as sensors, waveguides and lasers
Structural analysis of a Nb-based alloy for biomedical application
Get PDFThe purpose of research in the biomaterials field is to produce new materials with physical and chemical properties close to the tissue to be replaced with minimal toxic response to the foreign body. Among the various metallic materials, titanium and its alloys have this great combination of properties. The most promising alloys are those with niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, and zirconium as alloying elements added to titanium. Thus, this kind of alloys integrate a new class of alloys without aluminum and vanadium (which cause cytotoxicity) and have a low modulus of elasticity (below 100 GPa). The objective of this work is to analyze the structure and microstructure of a niobium-based alloy, Ti-50wt%Nb. This alloy was produced in an arc-melting furnace with an inert atmosphere of argon gas. After melting, the samples were characterized by density, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and hardness. The X-ray diffraction data shows the peaks corresponding to the beta phase (with body-centered cubic crystalline structure), corroborated by scanning electron microscopy images. The value of the lattice parameter of the body-centered cubic crystalline structure was 3.2868 Å.
Comparison between three decellularization protocol whit SDS in swine esophagus: a future option in veterinary medicine
Get PDFDisease such as megaesophagus and esophagitis does not have a cure. Esophagitis has treatments depending on it’s degree, while megaesophagus has a palliative treatment, which can be recommended euthanasia in cases of a poor prognosis, cases that the esophagus transplant could be at use, although it is not described in literature. In this perspective the regenerative medicine have techniques of a bioengineering of tissues, creating a minor immune response in transplants, as it removes the organ’s genetic material, preserving the extra cellular matrix (ECM). Different protocols have been evaluated for swine esophagus decellularization, using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in concentrations 0,5%, 1,0% and 1,5% for seven days, analysing the remaining EMC integrity. It has been concluded that the material in 0,5% of SDS showed more integrity of the remaining EMC compared to the other concentrations, demonstrating that it is the best biological scaffold for future medical applications.  
Productionof poly(L-CO-D,L LacticAcid) porous fibers by electrospinning
Get PDFThe production of porous scaffolds has been widely investigated by the scientific community due to its suitability for tissue engineering. Among techniques that allow the fabrication of porous materials, electrospinning is appealing for being robust and versatile. This research investigated the pore formation in poly (L-co-D,L lactic acid) fibers obtained by conventional electrospinning and the influence of chloroform as a single solvent on fiber morphology. Random and highly porous fibers with a mean diameter of 2.373 ± 0.564 µm were collected. Chloroform affects the fiber morphology, mainly for its fast evaporation and low density of charges. The solvent on the surface evaporates quickly, and the low stretch of the jet does not help the polymer to reorganize over the length of the fiber, forming pores. In conclusion, the low dielectric constant and boiling point of chloroform induce pores formation along the PLDLA fibers.
Ibuprofen nanocrystals: Production, lyophilization and release profile
Get PDFIbuprofen (IBU) is a poorly water-soluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with proven effectiveness for treating inflammatory, musculoskeletal, and rheumatic disorders. Nanocrystals (NCs) have been proposed as drug delivery systems to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble compounds. Ibuprofen NCs (IBU-NCs) have been produced by the melt-emulsification method using a combination of Tween®80(1.0%, w/v)/Span®80(0.5%, w/v) as surfactant as these molecules are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as non-toxic, non-irritating and are of low cost. The obtained main particle size (z-Ave) and polydispersity index (PdI) were 159.4 ± 3.265 nm and 0.24 ± 0.007, respectively. Lyophilization slightly increased the mean particle size and PdI compared to the non-freeze-dried IBU-NCs. The obtained IBU-NCs powders were of white and fine texture. The type and concentration of cryoprotector (trehalose, glucose, sucrose) influenced both the size and the in vitro release profile tested in Franz diffusion cells. Due to the smaller z-Ave, NCs:Trehalose (2:1) of 170.6 ± 3.880 nm (0.417 ± 0.050), NCs:Glucose (3:1) of 275.3 ± 8.351 nm (0.144 ± 0.021) and NCs:Sucrose (4:1) of 223.3 ± 10.35 nm (0.402 ± 0.016) were selected for the in vitro drug release tests. Within the first 6 hours, resuspended lyophilized nanocrystals released between 50-70% of the drug
Simultaneous alterations in ovaries and bone as a result of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Get PDFPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most widely recognized endocrine disorders affecting reproductive-age women. The etiopathogenesis and mechanisms of this syndrome remain unclear. Diagnosis requires two of the following: polycystic ovaries, oligo- or anovulation, and hyperandrogenism. Most women with PCOS display conditions such as metabolic abnormalities, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and/or bone dysfunction. Considering the ethical limitations of human studies, animal and cell culture models that reflect some features of PCOS are important for investigation of this syndrome. The aim of the present work was to study some of the endocrine relationships between ovaries and bone tissue in a polycystic ovary syndrome animal model. The study was performed using an estradiol valerate PCOS-induced rat model (n = 30) and bone mesenchymal stem cell cultured from bone marrow of those animals. It was hypothesized that changes of the endocrine relationship between ovaries and bones could be observed in from in vivo animal model and in vitro cell culture assays. The ovarian morphological and endocrine changes seem to be correlated with endocrine, biophysical, and biomechanical changes in bone properties. Mesenchymal stem cells obtained from PCOS-induced rats, cultured for up to 21 days and differentiated into osteoblasts, presented lower viability and reduced mineralization of the extracellular matrix. Taken together, these results indicate important endocrine and structural effects of PCOS in ovaries and bones, contributing to part of the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of PCOS
Bacterial cellulose/calcium alginate hydrogels in wound’s cicatricial process of diabetic foot implementation: case report
Get PDFIt is well known that Diabetes mellitus (DM) is classified as a metabolic disease and in consequence several dysfunctions are expected, such as difficulties in wound healing process. Objectives: Due to the excellent properties of the developed bacterial cellulose/alginate hydrogel (BC/ALG), this material was applied to treat a diabetic ulcer patient. Method: The treatment was carried out at the Ambulatory of Santa Casa de Misericordia de São Carlos, by applying the hydrogel twice a week during 30 days. Results: After the period of treatment, the wound showed 84% of closure reduction when compared to its initial size Conclusion: Bacterial cellulose/ alginate hydrogel presented a high potential for successful treatment of wound closure.
Register number: 89006118.2.0000.814
Production and characterization of membranes containing PCL and PVP obtained by simultaneous and blends electrospinning
Get PDFIndustrial Revolution 4.0 and the 3D printing in Biotechnology of tissue regeneration
Get PDFQuando retratada para a sociedade atual, a indústria é considerada parte integrante da sociedade economicamente responsável pelo desenvolvimento e produção de bens de consumo. Os processos de revolução industrial foram marcados pelas fases de aperfeiçoamento e avanços tecnológicos (1ª Revolução Industrial), o uso da energia elétrica (2ª Revolução Industrial) e a disseminação da digitalização da tecnologia (3ª Revolução Industrial). Além disso, hoje em dia tais desenvolvimentos podem ser associados ao uso da internet e à automação de processos por inteligência artificial, chegando assim à 4ª Revolução Industrial. O conceito da Indústria 4.0 está diretamente ligado ao conceito de tecidos inteligentes, a partir de fatores como inovação, o que permite que as empresas tenham modelos de produção complexos, incluindo principalmente caráter sustentável e biotecnologias aplicadas. Além disso, tanto a 4ª Revolução Industrial quanto a biotecnologia podem ser correlacionadas em termos de bioimpressão 3D. Assim, o trabalho mostra um breve histórico das impressoras 3D e seu potencial em aplicações na área de engenharia de tecidos. Revela a necessidade de multidisciplinaridade e de profissionais cada vez mais qualificados diante da nova fase de evolução socioindustrial