International Journal of Advances in Medical Biotechnology (IJAMB)
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Analysis of the Bioprinting Market in Brazil and its Status in the Global Scenario
Get PDFAdditive manufacturing (AM) is a constantly growing manufacturing technique that can be used from the prototyping stage to the final product in several industries. 3D bioprinting is a variant of conventional AM that uses bioinks, i.e., inks with the presence of cells, to manufacture living biological structures. These structures can be used in applications in the medical field and with therapeutic potential, such as the fabrication of tissues and organ models, drug testing, among others. Considering its importance in the global scenario, this work aimed to evaluate the growth related to 3D bioprinting research in Brazil and in the world, and to analyze the Brazilian market compared to the global panorama. For this, qualitative research, literature search in research bases, and the search for patent records were used. The exponential increase of studies in the area was identified, through graphs with trend lines, exposing its enormous potential for development. It was possible to perceive the notable advance in the use of bioprinting worldwide, as well as in Brazil, a leader in research in the area in Latin America, although it is still lagging behind other countries, occupying the twentieth position worldwide in scientific contributions
Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti30Ta alloy for biomedical applications
Get PDFEffect of synthesis temperature on crystallinity, morphology and cell viability of nanostructured hydroxyapatite via wet chemical precipitation method: Effect of temperature on hydroxyapatite properties
Get PDFHydroxyapatite (HA) is the main natural mineral constituent of bones and is a good alternative for biomedical applications because it is osteoconductive, non-allergenic, and non-carcinogenic, which ensures high biocompatibility. A commonly used method for obtaining hydroxyapatite is the wet route, which is simple and low-cost, produces only water as a final residue, and provides HA with a crystallinity comparable to that of bone tissue, which favors its biocompatibility. Therefore, the objective of this work is to synthesize hydroxyapatite via the wet chemical precipitation method at different temperatures (4°C, 30°C, 50°C, or 70°C) to observe the influence of temperature on crystallinity, morphology, and cytotoxicity. The results of X-ray diffraction show that all syntheses resulted in pure hydroxyapatite, while increasing the temperature led to higher crystallinity (10.6% to 56.2%) and the crystal size was slightly affected. The increase in temperature changed the particle shape from irregular to needle-like. Cell viability was tested by PicoGreen® in VERO cells for samples at concentrations of 30 and 300µg/mL, and the samples synthesized at 4°C, with lower crystallinity, caused less DNA damage to cells compared to the negative control.
 
Study of ph effect on AZ31 magnesium alloy corrosion for using in temporary implants
Get PDFCurrently, magnesium alloys are gaining great interest for medical applications due to their degrading properties in the human body ensuring a great biocompatibility. These alloys also provide profitable mechanical properties due similarities with human bone. However, a difficulty in applying these materials in the biomaterials industries is the corrosion prior to cell healing. The effect of the chemical composition of Mg alloys on their corrosion behavior is well known. In this study, samples of AZ31 magnesium alloy were cut into chips for elemental chemical analysis by neutron activation analysis (NAA). Concentrations of the elements As, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Sb and Zn were determined in the AZ31 alloy. Visualization tests of agar corrosion development in various media, of 0.90% sodium chloride solution (mass), phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and simulated body fluid (SBF) were performed. Visualizations of the effect of agar gel corrosion revealed pH variation during the corrosion process due to the released into the cathode. The highest released of hydroxyl ions occurred in NaCl solution compared to PBS and SBF solutions indicating that NaCl solution was much more aggressive to the alloy compared to the others
PLA membranes loaded with dba analogs. Controlled release study during hydrolitic degradation
Get PDFIn this research two dibenzylideneacetone (DBA) analogs compounds: (1E,4E)-1-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (DBA-1) and (1E,4E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(4-nitrophenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (DBA-2) were encapsulated in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) membranes. These DBA analogs can have several applications such as in the development of controlled drug release systems and tissue engineering. The membranes were elaborated by solvent casting. It was found that these fluorescent compounds have a small percentage of hemolysis in human blood red cells at concentrations between 200-500 µg/mL. Therefore, they can be considered not-toxic at these concentrations. The hydrolytic degradation of PLA membranes loaded with the DBA analogs was studied at a temperature of 37 °C under solutions at acid, neutral, and basic pH conditions for a maximum time of six weeks. The hydrolysis was monitored by measuring the loss of mass of the membranes, changes in pH environments, variations in the molecular weight of PLA matrix, and changes in surface morphology observed through Scanning the Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique. Applying UV-visible spectrophotometry, the amount released from the DBA analogs in the PLA membranes was determined during the degradation time, and finally, the release profile was obtained. It was observed employing SEM that the membranes presented a major degradation under basic pH conditions, with a higher percentage of release in an acid medium for both analogues of DBA studie
Systematic review: the use of vaginal mold in current vaginoplasty surgeries - techniques and materials
Get PDFThis paper presents a study of the techniques and materials used in vaginoplasty surgeries performed around the world. It consists of a systematic review that covered the identification, selection and critique of primary studies of topics involving the use of vaginal molds in surgeries for different patients: women with Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome; and transgender patients who underwent sex reassignment surgery (CRS), that is, patients with gender dysphoria. The researches made in the chosen databases, after applying the criteria of inclusion and exclusion of articles, resulted in 19 publications, which represented the basis of the construction of this work. It also focuses on the description of the technologies, materials and methods used in the manufacture of vaginal molds used in surgery. In all studies, the molds have the function of maintaining the structure of the neovagina, thus avoiding vaginal stenosis, besides fixing the material used as a graft in the new cavity, covering it, favoring epithelization
Study of the interaction of ionizing radiation in polyurethane polymer films as biomaterial
No full textNew materials are being studied and widely applied in the health area, highlighting biocompatible polymers as the most versatile. Among these polymers, we developed the methodology for the manufacture of Thermoplastic Polyurethane films for application as Biomaterials. The proposed sterilization by ionizing radiation requires the study and characterization of the material to evaluate possible losses or modifications, due to the influence that the radiation can cause in the polymer chains, losing the characteristics for the purpose used. Therefore, the present work evaluates, through chemical and physical-chemical characterization, the possible extension of the changes caused by the radiation in the polyurethane film. The material is produced in an environment with controlled temperature and humidity and subjected to increasing doses of gamma (15, 25 and 50 kGy), ethylene oxide and plasma as comparative techniques. The techniques DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), TGA (Thermogravimetry), FTIR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) and OCT (Optical coherence tomography), have proved that the material, after applied the sterilization techniques, maintains its physical-chemical characteristics and does not suffer any modifications after the treatment
Bacteriological assessment of stethoscope used by health care personnel in attat hospital, SNNP, Gurage Zone, Ethiopia
Get PDFAbstract
Stethoscope has always been a part of the physicians’ basic tool for examining patients. Universal use of stethoscope for examination of patients by health care personnel makes it a potential source for spread of nosocomial infection. This study was designed to assess the potential for bacterial transmission by stethoscopes used by different health-care workers in Attat hospital. A cross sectional study was conducted from April to June 2018 in university of Wolkite, department of biotechnology and biology in molecular laboratory. During the study period there were a total of 26 stethoscopes from health professionals who had direct contact with patients are collected. Sample was collected by sterile cotton-tipped applicator moistened in a sterile solution of physiologic saline (0.85% sodium chloride) that was used to swab the entire surface of the diaphragm of the stethoscope and then inoculated into macconkey agar, tryptone soya agar and blood agar media. 18(69.2%) stethoscopes out of total collected stethoscopes had bacterial growth and 12 bacterial isolates were selected and characterized to genus level. Isolates include staphylococcus aureus(37.5%), coagulase negative staphylococci (28.12%), Streptococcussp. (21.88%), and Bacillus sp.(12.5%). All isolates were susceptible to the co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacine, while resistant to cifoxitine. They showed intermediate growth against vancomycine. All except streptococcus were found resistant against penicillin. Both S. aureus and CoNS were sensitive to the chloramphenicol; Streptococcus was intermediate while bacillus was resistant to the chloramphenicol All stethoscopes (42.2%) that had never cleaned and last cleaned a week agowere highly contaminated while lower levels of contamination (27%) were found on those cleaned several times a day and cleaned between each patient before the examination of the patients.
Innovation projects at the University-Pharmaceutical Industry interface: challenges and opportunities
Get PDFCOVID-19 pandemic accelerated the digital transformation of pharmaceutical R&D. This paper aimed to diagnose some key aspects of University-Pharmaceutical Industry (U-Pharma) partnerships in Brazil that should be addressed in digital platforms to enable the creation of innovative solutions to COVID-19. A qualitative research was applied through an online guiding questionnaire to identify the main points that are considered as opportunities or challenges by the parties involved in the University-Pharmaceutical Industry interface. The responses were processed using content analysis to raise common themes. Further, in-depth interviews were performed to evaluate the subjective perception of these themes. The results of the questionnaire showed the topics bureaucracy, partnership, and agility as the most relevant. The in-depth interviews showed the subjective perception of these themes. The joint analysis of the results showed that in addition to problems related to project management processes, issues that involve the human dimension, such as pro-executive behavior and communication skills, are also extremely relevant to the success of U-Pharma projects. The development of digital solutions for Knowledge Management of innovative projects of U-Pharma collaborations should take into consideration both the project and human dimensions. It is recommended that Project and People Management should be integrated into digital platforms
Green synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for biomedical application: a brief review
No full textHydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] (HAp) is a calcium phosphate mineral of great interest in biomaterials development because it is the main component of the mineral phase of bones and teeth’s of animals and humans. HAp plays a key role in the biomedical field due to its non-toxicity, anti-inflammatory property, osteointegrity, biocompatibility, and other properties. Some of its applications in tissue engineering involve bone repair, bone augmentation, coating of implants, and fillers for bones and teeth. Besides, HAp can function as a drug delivery system due to its porous nature, which gives the nanoparticles a larger surface area. However, the use of organic templates in order to obtain HAp nanoparticles with a specific shape, morphology, size, and textural properties makes it impractical from an ecological and cost-effective standpoint. Throughout the last decade, several attempts to improve synthetic procedures have been under development. Recently, special attention has been given to the application of plant extracts as substitutes for organic templates, though they are not extensively reported in literature. Therefore, this brief review aims to examine the existing routes for synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Then the focus shifts to an overview of greener procedures and an outlook of their benefits in biomedical applications.