International Journal of Advances in Medical Biotechnology (IJAMB)
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Encapsulation and controlled release of 1,4-naphthoquinone in PDLA nanoparticles: design, biological efficacy, and cancer targeting
Get PDFDrug release can be controlled by encapsulating active compounds in polymeric vehicles. Using nanotechnology, pharmaceutical drug delivery systems can be controlled and precise. The aim of this work is to obtain and characterize biocompatible micro and nanoparticulate systems based on a poly(D-lactic acid) matrix (PDLA) to study the controlled release of 1,4-naphthoquinone, which has reported anticancer activity. Scanning electron microscopy revealed spherical particles with an average size of 347 nm and 86% in the nanometer range. The encapsulation efficiency was 98.3%, as assessed by UV-visible spectroscopy. The hydrolytic degradation over 11 weeks showed controlled release of naphthoquinone at different pH conditions: 20.98% in alkaline, 19.69% in physiological, 18.83% in strongly acidic, and 16.70% in slightly acidic conditions. The enhanced release at alkaline pH suggests potential anticancer activity in colorectal cancer, benefiting treatment by releasing the drug to the affected area. Molecular docking studies on COX-2 confirmed these results, showing 1,4-naphthoquinone interacts with key amino acids (ALA202, THR206, HIS207) in the active site, modifying the prostaglandin chain which is crucial for the enzyme's function. The results show that this system has a high potentiality for use for pharmacological applications in colorectal cancer, as 1,4-naphthoquinone exhibits electronic properties.
Induction of mineralized matrix production by recombinant human BMP-2 Immobilized in TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Hydrogel: a novel target for tissue repair
Get PDFBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are potent promoters of osteogenesis, especially BMP-2, which has been highlighted for acting as a growth and differentiation factor that promotes new bone formation. There are several biomaterials that can be used to release bioactive substances, such as natural polymers. Cellulose has stood out for the possibility of its chemical modification using the reagent 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) to obtain a cellulose derivative (TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofibers - ToCNF), which is shown to be a promising material for biological application. The objective of this work was to evaluate TEMPO cellulose immobilized with rhBMP-2 against the activity of inducing bone cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro, evaluating the ability to form bone matrix in pre-osteoblastic cell lineage of rats - MC3T3. Cell viability assays using resazurin were performed and for detection of mineralized matrix, Alizarin Red solution was used. The results reveal the good capacity of TEMPO cellulose functionalized with rhBM-2 in inducing the synthesis of mineralized bone matrix
Development of gels composed of pectin/microcellulose from mango and peg for biotechnological applications
Get PDFCom base no conceito de economia circular, resíduos de fontes vegetais, entre eles manga, são reaproveitados e podem ser extraídas algumas biomoléculas como pectina e celulose para serem utilizadas em aplicações biotecnológicas, também para a indústria cosmética, até mesmo como biomateriais. Neste contexto, foi realizada a caracterização térmica, morfológica e reológica de biopolímeros puros e misturas em gel para analisar seu potencial para produzir membranas, scaffolds ou estruturas bioimpressas. A análise FTIR foi realizada demonstrando comportamentos e agrupamentos semelhantes entre os materiais estudados. O índice de cristalinidade e áreas amorfas obtidas por ensaio de XRD. Além disso, outra análise realizada foi referente ao grau de polimerização de acordo com a viscosidade das amostras demonstrando o tempo de escoamento dos polímeros. Depois de caracterizar os polímeros, formulações de géis combinados de pectina de manga, microcelulose de manga e microcelulose vegetal com fontes de madeira foram produzidas através de calorimetria, microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV) e análises reológicas. O PEG foi adicionado com a finalidade de melhorar as propriedades reológicas e a compatibilidade entre as fases destes géis. Concluímos através da caracterização destes materiais a viabilidade na produção de estruturas para aplicações biotecnológicas como scaffolds nas áreas médicas entre outras
Characterization of 3D-Printed B-TCP Scaffolds with Enhanced Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Cell Compatibility
No full textAchieving bone regeneration in large defects caused by trauma, pathology and atrophy is a challenge. Innovative implant materials are emerging as alternatives to autografts in regenerative medicine. 3D-printed B-tricalcium phosphate (B-TCP) scaffolds have emerged as a promising solution for bone tissue replacement, offering patient-specific implants without relying on donors or transplantation. There are many open questions that need to be addressed before they can be used on a large scale. The analysis of sintering temperatures and the different crystalline phases, the in-depth evaluation of the microstructure and its biological response, as well as the assessment of suitable mechanical properties are some of these. The present study carried out a comprehensive characterization of the microstructure of commercial 3D-printed B-TCP using X-ray diffraction coupled with Rietveld refinement, X-ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, blood and cell compatibility tests were carried out using MG63 cells. The imaging techniques revealed the influence of the sintering treatment on the microstructure, resulting in an increase in the average pore size, efficient coalescence between particles and a shrinkage effect at higher temperatures. This behavior had a direct impact on the mechanical properties and cell adhesion behavior. Blood compatibility showed no significant differences between all the samples. However, the material sintered at 1200 °C showed better mechanical properties and a better behavior in the adhesion and proliferation of MG63, which were correlated with a higher density, improved mechanical properties and interconnected porosity, which play a key role in improving osteoblastic function
Endocrine activities modulated by adipose-mesenchymal stem cell in an animal model induced to polycystic ovary syndrome
Get PDFPurpose - Animal models offer a useful way to study the reproductive and metabolic abnormalities, including PCOS. MSCs have received increasing attention as a potential cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine, due to their effects in modulation of different molecular and biological pathways. The aims of the present work were to investigate modulation of the ovarian microenvironment by AdMSCs in an animal model induced to PCOS. Methods - Female rats were divided into control, polycystic ovary, and mesenchymal stem cell groups, evaluated at two different times after PCOS induction and injection of AdMSCs. Results - The polycystic ovary group showed changes in ovarian cycles, the presence of cysts in the ovaries, and hyperandrogenemia. In addition, changes in plasma insulin, glucose, leptin, and osteocalcin were observed in the polycystic ovary group. These metabolic changes were modulated by the injection of AdMSCs into the ovary. Data are presented for female rats in an animal model integrating PCOS with AdMSCs, together with the relationships among ovaries, bones, and adipocytes. Conclusion - The results suggested the existence of endocrine-metabolic-reproductive microenvironment relationships modulated by AdMSCs, which should help in guiding further investigations to clarify pathophysiological mechanisms that have not yet been fully elucidated
Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial evaluation of cotton fiber coated with chitosan-agar/tannin derivative/polypyrrole composites
Get PDFThe wearable technology and the use of fibers-based devices in biomedical applications are favored by the chemical modification of textiles to incorporate antibacterial properties into the intrinsic mechanical characteristics of the fibers favoring critical applications such as active components for sutures. Herein, it is proposed the combined coating of chitosan and a tannin-derivative (Tanfloc) for the following polymerization of polypyrrole in which the previous deposition of protective layers of chitosan and Tanfloc prevents the degradation in the mechanical properties of coated fiber while incorporates the outstanding performance of polypyrrole as antibacterial and antibiofilm agent reaching a complete elimination of Staphylococcus aureus after 60 min of contact and a reduction in the biofilm formation in order of 99.38%
A Brief Review on Metamaterials Applied to the Healthcare Field
Get PDFMetamaterials refer to any modification of the physical behavior of an existing material through the structured arrangement of repetitive patterns, procedurally generated, which can directly influence its response to deformation, thermal dissipation, and vibrational control. This creates possibilities for solutions that were previously difficult to achieve using conventional materials such as metals, ceramics, polymers, and their composites. The use of this technology has gained momentum with the advent of 3D printing, which has made it possible to apply and create these structures for practical validation. The first structures were modeled at the beginning of the last century, such as the creation of patterns to generate anomalous properties, with diverse applications in fields like optics, thermodynamics, and mechanics, as it allows for material design tailored to specific applications. As a result, applications have expanded to various scales, from millimeter-engineered materials to the nanoscale, drawing the attention of researchers from different fields, including healthcare. This interest stems from the vast array of possibilities and innovations driven by advancements in materials and additive manufacturing, combining these fields to generate increasingly adaptive solutions. In this paper, the concept of metamaterials will be introduced, followed by an exploration of various applications of this technology, including medical equipment, devices, prosthetics, orthotics, and implants, as well as potential future applications of this technology in healthcare
The pharmaceutical patent process: National Health Surveillance Agency and National Institute of Industrial Property act differently in the process
Get PDFThe National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) is the government body responsible for granting patents in the national territory; in the case of medicines, they need to be registered with the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) in order to be marketed. There was a divergence in legal interpretation (of Art. 229-C of the IPL) which caused damage to entrepreneurs, laboratories and the community in general, as there was no express provision as to whether ANVISA's opinion would be binding on the INPI's decision on patent issues. The aim of this research was to analyze this problem, raising its main points and demonstrating how dangerous and damaging bureaucracy and inefficient and obscure normative acts that give rise to dubious interpretation can be, based on the application of hermeneutic and dialectical methods. In 2021, the Superior Court of Justice (STJ), in Special Appeal n. 1543826, held that ANVISA's opinion would be a valid prerequisite for granting patents for pharmaceutical products or processes. It was found that the STJ decision increased ANVISA's "powers", but with the repeal of Art. 229-C of the IPL, the dilemma was extinguished and the competencies of each body re-established. It is therefore of the utmost importance to fill legal gaps and issue clear and specific laws so as not to leave room for harmful interpretations, guaranteeing original competences and legal certainty
The importance of the fourth dimensions of fundamental rights in biotechnology and its constitutional effectiveness
Get PDFThis article analyzes the classification of biotechnology as part of the fourth dimension of fundamental rights, focusing on its essential content and effectiveness as a constitutional norm. The study explores how biotechnology is incorporated into international treaties and how this recognition impacts the enforcement of fundamental rights. A bibliographic and literature review was conducted, drawing on studies, scientific articles, and doctrines from respected researchers and specialists in the fields of biotechnology and fundamental rights. Sources were selected based on their relevance and contemporaneity, focusing on materials from the last ten years. The research examined key international treaties, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, to assess their role in shaping biotechnology as a fundamental right. The findings reveal significant gaps in Brazilian legislation concerning biotechnology, which hinder the effective implementation of related fundamental rights, particularly in terms of equitable access and sustainable development. While international efforts to regulate biotechnology are advancing, national implementation remains inadequate. The study highlights the need for a more comprehensive normative framework and the development of public policies that ensure the responsible and safe advancement of biotechnology. It concludes that clearer legal interpretation and stronger policy measures are required to fully integrate biotechnology into the fourth dimension of fundamental rights, thereby promoting scientific and technological progress that benefits society effectively and safely.
Development of PCLMA/HAp-Si composite resin for vat photopolymerization 3D printing
Get PDFA photopolymerizable composite resin based on polycaprolactone methacrylate (PCLMA) was developed with functionalized hydroxyapatite (HAp-Si) to enhance the phase affinity between the polymer matrix and inorganic filler, thereby creating a stable resin suitable for 3D printing. Hydroxyapatite was functionalized with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTES) to produce HAp-Si, as confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Polycaprolactone diol (PCLdiol) was successfully modified into PCLMA through the substitution of hydroxyl groups with methacrylate groups, as confirmed by FTIR, which also resulted in an increase in the number-average molecular weight (Mn). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images confirmed well-dispersed HAp agglomerates, while grafting improved filler distribution within the matrix. Additionally, the resin displayed good dimensional fidelity in 3D printing of cylindrical samples measuring 6.35 x 12.70 mm. These findings suggest that PCLMA-based composite resins are suitable for 3D printing via vat photopolymerization