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Higher order thinking skills, metacoqnitive awareness and self-efficacy in reading comprehension among Pakistani ESL learners
No full textEffective reading comprehension relies on higher-order thinking and is crucial in this age of hyper-information and global communication. However, Pakistani ESL learners generally underperform in reading comprehension, but their higher order thinking skills (HOTS) and subskills have never been taxonomically modeled with diagnostic aims. In addition, studies on university learners’ higher order thinking skills (HOTS) are limited, and insufficient studies have investigated the moderating effects of metacognition and self-efficacy on the relationship between HOTS and reading performance. This study investigated Pakistani ESL learners’ HOTS in reading comprehension where Bloom’s taxonomy was used to model their strong and weak higher order thinking skills (HOTS). This study also evaluated the moderating effects of metacognitive awareness and self-efficacy on the relationship between HOTS and reading outcome. This study investigated Pakistani ESL learners’ HOTS in reading comprehension where Bloom’s taxonomy was used to model their strong and weak higher order thinking skills (HOTS). This study also evaluated the moderating effects of metacognitive awareness and self-efficacy on the relationship between HOTS and reading outcome. Under mixed-method research design, the quantitative data were collected from 200 learners using a tripartite reading test and two questionnaires while the qualitative data were gathered from six learners through think-aloud sessions. The quantitative data were descriptively and inferentially analyzed while the qualitative data were analyzed using thematic framework analysis. The findings revealed that the respondents’ three cognitive core processes and eight subprocesses of HOTS were weak. In processual skills, the respondents were deficient in analyzing texts, evaluating inconsistencies, and synthesizing textual input. Creating was the most contributive skill whereas Evaluating was the weakest skill. At subprocessual level, generating textual information was the strongest subskill whereas critiquing was the weakest subskill. Strategically, metacognitive awareness and self-efficacy significantly moderated the relationship between higher order thinking skills (HOTS) and reading performance. Apart from that, the qualitative analysis revealed deficiencies in the respondents’ textual analysis, inconsistency evaluation and information reconstruction. The learner skill model was similar in both genders however females outperform males in Creating skill while males outperform females in Analyzing and Evaluating skills. This study offers valuable implications for ESL teachers, learners, assessors, curriculum designers, washback strategists, policymakers and gender-specific institutions
Adaptive grid-meshed-buffer clustering algorithm for outlier detection in evolving data stream
No full textAs the number of connected devices rises, real-time processing of data streams has garnered significant attention and interest within the scientific community. Clustering, known for its versatility in real-time data stream processing and independence from labeled instances, is a suitable method for analyzing evolving data streams. Existing clustering algorithms for outlier detection encounter significant challenges due to insufficient data pre-processing methods and the absence of a suitable data summarization framework for effective data stream clustering. This research introduces Adaptive Grid-Meshed-Buffer Stream Clustering Algorithm (AGMB), that addresses these weaknesses and improves outlier detection. The AGMB algorithm is built upon three algorithms: 1) Grid-Multi-Buffer Stream Clustering (GMBSC), 2) Cautious Grid-Multi-Buffer Stream Clustering (C-GMBSC) and 3) Adaptive-Grid-Multi-Buffer Stream Clustering (A-GMBSC). The GMBSC addresses inadequate data pre-processing, grid projection, and buffering issues while the C-GBMSC includes an outlier elimination strategy to cautiously eliminate detected outliers’ data points before it turns into normal data. The A-GMBSC is designed by adding an adaptive density threshold which maintains a cluster model of normal data. The effectiveness of the final outcome, which is the AGMB, is validated through an experimental evaluation conducted on eight datasets that are synthetic and real-life datasets. Evaluation was made based on various evaluation metrics related to outlier detection and clustering quality. The results indicate that the AGMB algorithm outperformed existing benchmark algorithms in terms of predefined evaluation criteria with an overall 72% accuracy compared to benchmark algorithms which is 11 % only. Hence, the empirical evidence highlights the superiority and practical relevance of the proposed algorithm in tackling outlier detection in evolving data streams. This may be useful for real-world applications such as surveillance systems based on IoT and customer behaviour analytics systems
Relationship between corporate governance and financial statement fraud : Evidence from Malaysia
Get PDFThis study investigates the relationship between corporate governance (CG) and financial statement fraud in the Malaysian context, utilizing a quantitative methods approach. The research draws on data obtained from the Securities Commission Malaysia (SCM) enforcement releases and Bursa Malaysia enforcement releases from 2018 to 2023. Through quantitative analysis of these sources, the study examines the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms in preventing and detecting financial statement fraud. Findings suggest that robust corporate governance practices, including independent boards, competent audit committees, and effective remuneration structures, play a crucial role in mitigating the risk of fraud. The study also highlights the significance of regulatory oversight and enforcement by SCM and Bursa Malaysia in deterring financial statement fraud. These findings contribute to the understanding of corporate governance's impact on fraud prevention and have implications for policymakers, regulators, and practitioners aiming to strengthen governance frameworks, enhance internal controls, and promote transparency and accountability in financial reporting
Perceptions of tax officers on factors that influence the automatic exchange of information effectiveness to combat tax evasion in Malaysia
Get PDFCross-border tax evasion is a growing global problem and has become the main agenda of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development with the introduction of financial information sharing initiatives through the Automatic Exchange of Information (AEoI) platform. This study aims to gain the perception of tax officers on the factors that influence the effectiveness of AEoI in combating tax evasion in Malaysia. This study examines three independent variables, namely tax officers’ competency, data quality, and tax policy coordination as factors that influence the effectiveness of AEoI in the fight against tax evasion. Three hypotheses were developed to reflect the expected relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection in this quantitative research. A total of 220 tax officers who involve in the review of AEoI cases in Johor, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya were selected as sample. Out of the total questionnaire distributed, 142 responded which represent 64.54% response rate. Primary data was analysed and presented descriptively in the form of percentages, tables, and statistical figures to facilitate the interpretation of data analysis results. The findings show that only tax officers’ competency and data quality have a significant relationship with the effectiveness of AEoI in combating tax evasion. While tax policy coordination shows insignificant relationship. Therefore, it is concluded that the perception of tax officers on their competency and quality of the received data could help improve the effectiveness of AEoI in combating tax evasion in Malaysia but not so for tax policy coordination. Despite its limitations, this study could be considered as the first attempt related to the effectiveness of AEoI which may spark for further research in various aspects of AEoI in the future particularly in the Malaysian contex
Business success factors for microenterprises engaging in social commerce in Malaysia
Get PDFIn Malaysia, online business has become integral in daily business operations. Social commerce is an emerging trend in the online business. Social commerce employs social media as a means of communication in facilitating the sale and purchase of goods and services. Entrepreneurs saw the potential of social media to increase sales, leading to an interest in social commerce. In addition, the rapid development of social media has also led to changes in the way entrepreneurs handle their daily operations. In promoting the growth of social commerce, government provided entrepreneurship programs for entrepreneurs, such as financial aid, advisory services, and training. Yet, business failure rate, particularly among microentrepreneurs, kept increasing. This suggested a lack of business elements that should have been prioritised by online businesses. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the success factors of microenterprises that engaged in social commerce. A qualitative method was employed to ensure that robust data was collected and the research objectives were met. Purposive sampling was adopted in collecting the data. The analysis utilized thematic analysis to obtain insights into microenterprises and social commerce. The findings of this study demonstrated the success factors of microenterprises that were engaged in social commerce as part of their business expansion. The success factors framework was made up of seven important pillars: funding, financial management, marketing, management skills, technology, supplier management and government support. All these factors contributed to the microenterprises’ growth and sustainability. These factors were crucial to the success of microenterprises. They would have to be further examined and managed to ensure the microenterprises’ growth and long-term success. Microenterprises needed to prioritize each of these success factors and develop strategies to address them, especially in confronting and to flourish in Malaysia's highly competitive social commerce industry
The relationship between authentic leadership, high-performance human resource practices and job performance
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the relationship between Authentic Leadership, High-Performance Human Resource Practices and Job Performance of employees in manufacturing companies. The
population of this study consists of manufacturing employees in three different manufacturing companies namely Coleman Wires and Cables, Royal Packaging and Industries Ltd and Gharsu
Services Ltd. A cross-sectional research design was employed. The respondents were chosen using convenience sampling. Data was collected using an online survey. A total of 240 employees responded to the survey. SPSS software was used to analyze and test the hypotheses formulated in the study. The findings revealed that out the of two factors examined only High-Performance
Human Resource Practices showed a significant relationship with job performance, while authentic leadership had no significant relationship with job performance. The study's findings identified useful practical implications for both researchers and decision-makers. The result of this study will contribute to the understanding of how leaders and organizations engaged their workforce and high-performance human resources are practiced in both industrialized and developing nations
The influence of work-life balance, supervisor support on teachers’ job performance
Get PDFEducation plays an essential role in bringing changes to the society. The essence of education is the teacher who provides the education that improves the quality of life. Teachers’ performance matters; thus, looking into factors that may influence it is imperative. This study explored the relationships between two independent variables (supervisor support and worklife balance) and the dependent variable (Job performance) among the teachers in selected junior secondary schools in Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria. The study employed a crosssectional design. A convenient sampling technique was used to determine the sample, and 193
teachers completed the online survey. The data was analyzed using SPSS. However, based on the regression analysis result, only Supervisor support affected Job performance significantly.
The study has a significant ramification for school administrators and owners since it enhances their knowledge of the importance of supervisory support to improve teachers' job performance. These findings, however, cannot be generalized to other junior secondary schools inside and outside the country. Future studies employing different sampling techniques and research designs are recommended to confirm the findings
Hubungan antara ganjaran, kecerdasan emosi dan niat meninggalkan organisasi dalam industri perbankan di Malaysia
Get PDFKajian ini dijalankan bagi melihat hubungan antara ganjaran, kecerdasan emosi dan niat meninggalkan organisasi dalam kalangan pekerja di sebuah bank di Kuala Lumpur. Kajian dimulakan dengan kajian literatur untuk memahami perkaitan antara ganjaran dan kecerdasan emosi dengan niat meninggalkan organisasi. Oleh itu, satu instrumen untuk mengukur perhubungan antara ganjaran, kecerdasan emosi dan niat meninggalkan organisasi ditentukan. Kajian kuantitatif ini menggunakan soalselidik untuk mengumpulkan data dari pekerja di Bank XYZ berdasarkan pensampelan rawak
berstrata. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisa menggunakan statistik deskriptif, analisis korelasi dan analisis regresi pelbagai melalui SPSS versi 26. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perhubungan yang negatif antara ganjaran dengan niat meninggalkan organisasi. Manakala terdapat hubungan positif antara kecerdasan emosi dengan niat meninggalkan organisasi. Selain itu, analisis regresi pelbagai menunjukkan ganjaran dan kecerdasan emosi hanya sedikit mempengaruhi ke atas niat meninggalkan
organisasi. Hasil kajian ini sangat penting kepada pengurusan di Bank XYZ kerana maklumat yang diperolehi dapat membantu menetapkan strategi yang bersesuaian untuk memastikan kadar hasrat untuk meninggalkan organisasi dalam kalangan pekerja adalah rendah yang mana dapat mengurangkan gangguan dalam usaha mereka untuk mencapai matlamat perniagaa
Job characteristics, working conditions and job stress on academicians well-being in open distance learning environment
Get PDFThe up surging of academicians’ job stress and the challenge to maintain job characteristics such as job demand, job autonomy, social support, and combined with the change of working conditions of academicians in an open and distance learning setting is causing severe decline of academicians’ well-being. The presence of open and distance learning has changed the conventional nature of work in education to digital learning. This study aims to examine the relationship between job characteristics (job demand, job autonomy, social support), working conditions, and job stress on academicians’ well-being. The study also examined the role of job stress as mediator variable. A quantitative approach via survey was employed. Respondents were 200 academicians from five Open and Distance Learning universities in Malaysia namely Open University Malaysia, Wawasan Open University, Asia e University, Al-Madinah International University and the Global University of Islamic Finance. Data analysis was performed using partial lease squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The research findings revealed significant influence of job demand, job autonomy, working conditions, on academicians’ well-being. However, social support did not influence academician’s well-being. Furthermore, the finding revealed job stress as a significant mediator within the open and distance learning context. There are several positive research implications where open and distance learning universities implement wellness and stress management practices to mitigate job stress among academicians. These include redesigning the academic’s job to increase support resources and issues such as developing policies, responsibilities training, and online setting. Moreover, the social context theory in this research contributes to the literature on academicians’ well-being in the open and distance learning setting. Many private and public universities have moved toward the open and distance learning which may lead to a larger sample size. Future studies is needed to improve the results of the data analysis and more empirical research can be conducted
Complex word identification model for lexical simplification in the Malay language for non-native speakers
Get PDFText Simplification (TS) is the process of converting complex text into more easily understandable text. Lexical Simplification (LS), a method in TS, is the task of converting words into simpler words. Past studies have shown weaknesses in the LS first task, called Complex Word Identification (CWI), where simple and complex words have been misidentified in previous CWI model. The main objective of this study is to produce a Malay CWI model with three sub-objectives, i) To propose a dataset based on the state-of-the-art Malay corpus, ii) To produce a Malay CWI model, and iii) To perform an evaluation based on the standard statistical metrics; accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and G1-score. This model is constructed based on the development of the CWI model outlined by the previous researcher. This study consists of three modules, i) A Malay CWI dataset, ii) Malay CWI features with the new enhanced stemmer rules, and iii) A CWI model based on the Gradient Boosted Tree (GB) algorithm. The model is evaluated based on a state-of-the-art Malay corpus. This corpus is divided into training and testing data using k-fold cross-validation, where k=10. A series of tests were performed to ensure the best model was produced, including feature selection, generation of an improved stemmer algorithm, data imbalances, and classifier testing. The best model using the Gradient Boost algorithm showed an average accuracy of 92.55%, F1- score of 92.09% and G1-score of 89.7%. The F1-score was better than the English standard baseline score, with an increased difference of 16.3%. Three linguistic experts verified the results for 38 unseen sentences, and the results showed significantly positive results between the model built and the linguistic experts’ assessment. The proposed CWI model has improved the F1- score that has been obtained in second CWI shared task and positively affected non-native speakers and researchers