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Advantages and challenges of digital Transformation in Malaysian food and beverage SMEs
Get PDFDigital transformation is the process of integrating digital technology into every aspect of a business. It has a profound impact on how those firms run and provide value to their clients. When it comes to the digital transformation of supply chain management, especially food and beverages in Malaysia, some companies are still facing challenges of implementing digitalization in their companies, while others are unaware of the advantages of adopting technology to the companies. This study aims at to examine the potential advantages and challenges of the digital transformation on the food and beverages SMEs in Malaysia. Qualitative research methodology has been used in which two case studies have been selected to study objectives of the study. The study applied the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, to provide a holistic understanding of the advantages and challenges of digital transformation faced by the food and beverage SMEs. The analysis was organized in accordance with the TOE framework, consisting of three major themes, namely technology, organization, and
environment. In general, the identification of advantages and challenges enabling the food and beverage SMEs in formulating strategies to implement the digital transformation initiatives and overcome the obstacles successfully. The findings have practical implications not only the food and beverage SMEs, but also to the industry associations, policymakers, and digital technology providers
The Impact of Government Regulations and Green Marketing Mix on Green Purchase Behaviour in Pakistan
Get PDFGovernments and organisations are paying more attention to green purchase behaviour (GPB) since there is a dearth of understanding, especially in consumer markets like Pakistan. The literature has shown that significant predictors of GPB include internal and external factors. So, the study aims to investigate the influence of contextual factors (government regulations, green product, green price, green place, and green promotion) and attitudinal factors (attitude towards green purchase) on GPB through a research framework based on the attitude-behaviour-context (ABC) theory and the stimulusorganism-response (SOR) model. Moreover, the relationship between attitude towards green purchase and GPB has been investigated with the moderation of green trust. This study is quantitative and descriptive, using convenience sampling and the survey method for data collection from the buyers of energy-efficient electric appliances in the top ten most populated cities in Pakistan. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed online, of which 387 has used. Using SmartPLS3 software for PLS-SEM to statistically analyse hypothesised paths, the results revealed that government regulations, green product, and green price have a direct and indirect significant relationship through the mediation with GPB. The green promotion has not directly affected GPB but has indirectly through the mediation path. The green place, however, has no direct or indirect effect on GPB. Moreover, green trust strengthens the positive relationship between attitude towards green purchase and GPB. The study provides insight to government officials, organisations, and practitioners to comprehend the underlying factors influencing green purchase behaviour
Pengaruh gaya asuhan ibu bapa, konsep kendiri, dan religiositi terhadap penyalahgunaan dadah dalam kalangan remaja Aceh
Get PDFAceh is the sixth highest country in Indonesia involved in the problem of drug abuse, with a prevalence of 2.8 percent of its 5.3 million population involved in this problem. Considering the research gap related to the behavior of adolescents in drug abuse in Aceh, this study was conducted to examine the factors that affect the behaviour of drug abuse among adolescents in rehabilitation centers. The main objective of the study was to examine the effect of parenting style, self-concept, and religiosity on drug abuse among adolescents in Aceh, Indonesia. Parenting styles were categorized into three groups, namely authoritative, autoritarian, and permissive based on Baumrind's model. The respondents of the study included 181 adolescents who were undergoing drug abuse rehabilitation at a drug abuse rehabilitation centers in Aceh. Data were collected in a cross-sectional method using the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), The Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS), 5-D Framework of Religiosity and Drug Use Questionnaire (DAST-20). Data were analyzed using simple linear regression and multiple linear regression tests. The findings of the study show that parenting style affects the drug abuse behavior among respondents. Respondents who were raised in an authoritative parenting style had low level of drug abuse. While respondents from autoritarian and permissive families showed higher levels of drug abuse. In addition, self-concept and religiosity have a significant negative relationship with drug abuse behavior among respondents. This means that low self-concept and religiosity may increase drug abuse behavior. The analysis showed that parenting style predicted 3.2%, self-concept 20.4%, and religiosity 27% of respondents' drug abuse behavior. The findings of this study prove that religiosity is the most dominant factor that affects drug abuse behavior compared to parenting style and self-concept. The findings of this study can be the basis for the formation of a model for preventing drug abuse behavior among adolescents by taking into account the factors of parenting style, self-concept and religiosity
The relationship between characteristic of the Employer and MTD compliance
Get PDFThis study examines the relationship between characteristic of the employer and MTD compliance among employer in IRBM Sungai Petani Branch, Kedah using Dependence Theory. This study aims to examine the characteristic of employer by numbers of employee, location of employer and MTD calculation method as an independent variable and MTD compliance as a dependent variable to measure the MTD compliance among the employers from private sectors under IRBM Sungai Petani Branch, Kedah to collect data, a total of 139 employers which has been audited by IRBM on the year 2020 and self-administered questionnaires link were distributed to IRBM (MTD) auditors by google form in terms of MTD compliance .Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 analysis method, the results of the hypothesis show that there is a positive and significant relationship between characteristic of employer and MTD compliance. The overall findings show that the numbers of employer, location of employer and MTD calculation method are the main factors that attract MTD auditors
The relationship between internal auditor’s role and cybersecurity in Malaysia
Get PDFInformation technology (IT) is rapidly being integrated into various fields, particularly finance. Although IT helps run daily operations quickly, effectively, and competitively but the transformation has exposed businesses and companies to the risk of cyberattacks such as data theft, software corruption and disruption of business operations. The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) has launched the Three Lines Model which has proven effective in mitigating cybersecurity risks through the first and second lines of defense. Nonetheless, the specific role of internal auditors as the third line of defense in preventing cyberattacks in Malaysia remains unclear and requires further clarification. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to (i) examine the relationship between the internal auditor’s role and the internal audit principles in providing assurance to the organization’s cybersecurity, (ii) examine the relationship between the internal auditor’s role and cybersecurity of the organization’s governance, risk, and control and (iii) examine the relationship between internal auditor’s role and the competency to assess and mitigate cybersecurity risk. A total of seven participants with diverse backgrounds in the industry were interviewed using openended questions. The study revealed a positive correlation between the role of internal auditors and the internal audit principles in providing cybersecurity assurance to the organizations. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between the internal auditor’s role and the cybersecurity of the organization’s governance, risk, and control. Additionally, the study found a positive relationship between the internal auditor’s role and their ability to assess and mitigate cybersecurity risk. These findings provide valuable insight into the contributions of internal auditors towards cybersecurity in Malaysia
Factors affecting Health Management Information Systems (HMIS) adoption success towards improving healthcare institution's performance in Kedah
Get PDFHealth Management Information Systems (HMIS) have been implemented in healthcare institutions to boost productivity, lower costs, enhance work processes, and elevate the standard of care. However, the Information System Success Model (ISSM) direct effects on organizational performance still need to be proven, and its applicability in the HMIS context still needs to be discovered. Therefore, this study aspires to analyze the importance of HMIS success factors and their influences on the organizational performance of healthcare institutions, specifically in Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah (HSB) and Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim (HSAH). The structured questionnaires used to collect the data were adapted from earlier ISSM-based research and covered four dimensions: information quality, system quality, service quality, and net benefits (organizational performance). The questionnaires with complete evaluations were returned by 368 healthcare professionals employed in HSB and HSAH. Data were analysed using the statistical software SPSS covering descriptive analysis, reliability of instruments, and inferential analysis (Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression). The empirical findings primarily demonstrate that organizational performance is significantly influenced by information quality, system quality, and service quality, whereas system quality is the main contributing factor towards organizational performance. This study is expected to improve organizational performance regarding HMIS adoption positively
New forms of Bézier control points and b-spline methods for solving fuzzy ordinary differential equations
No full textFuzzy ordinary differential equations (FODEs) are widely used to model many problems in science and engineering and have been studied by many researchers. Specific problems require the solutions of FODEs, which satisfy fuzzy initial conditions for fuzzy initial value problems (FIVPs) and fuzzy boundary conditions for fuzzy boundary value problems (FBVPs). Such problems can be found in physics, engineering, population models, nuclear reactor dynamics, medical problems, neural networks, and control theory. However, most FIVPs and FBVPs cannot be solved exactly. Furthermore, exact solutions may also be too difficult to obtain for some problems. Therefore, numerical and approximate methods are necessary to be considered for the solutions. In the last two decades, the development of approximate methods to solve these equations has been an important area of research. Therefore, this thesis needs to modify and formulate new, efficient, and more accurate methods, which are the main focus. This thesis proposes new approximate methods based on fuzzy set theory properties with the Bézier control points method (BCPM) and B-Spline method (BSM) to solve first- and nth-order linear and nonlinear FODEs involving FIVPs and FBVPs. We also conduct the error and convergence analysis of the method. We modified and formulated these methods to solve linear and nonlinear nth-order FIVPs and FBVPs directly without reducing them into a first-order system, as done by most other researchers. Some test examples are given to illustrate the proposed methods' feasibility and accuracy. In general, the numerical results indicate that the proposed BCPM and BSM provide better accuracy than the existing approximate-analytical methods. Hence, the BCPM and BSM are viable alternative methods for solving FIVPs and FBVPs
The relationship between supplier selection criteria and supply chain agility performance in electric and electronics industry in Somalia
Get PDFIn the current volatile business environment, supply chain agility is critical, especially in dynamic sectors such as the electrical and electronics industry. This study examines the relationship between four supplier selection criteria which is supplier quality, supplier delivery, supplier profile, and supplier cost and the supply chain agility performance of electrical and electronic companies in Somalia. However, many electrical and electronics companies in Somalia lack structured supplier evaluation systems, leading to inconsistent selection practices that hinder their supply chain agility. The study targeted a population of 200 employees involved in procurement, supply chain, and managerial roles from four major E&E companies in Somalia: Beco, Necsom, Sompower, and Beder Electronics. Using a random sampling technique, structured questionnaires were distributed, and responses were obtained from 145 participants. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results show that supplier quality, delivery reliability and supplier profile have a significant relationship with supply chain agility performance. These elements support companies to react to market changes quickly and flexibly. On the other hand, supplier costs do not show a significant relationship, indicating that only cost efficiency is not enough to guarantee operational continuity in this context. This study underlines the need to prioritize trustworthy, experienced, and quality vendors from a management perspective. It is important to think through vendor assessments considering long-term relationships, the integration of logistics, and quality indicators to build a flexible supply chain. While cost factors were always to be important, it is essential to find a balance between the need for flexibility and sustainability. This research contributes to the supply chain management literature in developing economies and provides practical suggestions to enhance operational agility in the electricity and electronics sector in Somali
Maintenance of social order through public signage in the linguistic landscape of Pakistan
No full textLinguistic landscape, the visibility of languages in public spaces has largely focused on the display of words in the street with respect to multilingualism. Maintaining social order through signboards has very limited research in the linguistic landscape. This study examined the maintenance of social order through public signboards in eight public areas in the linguistic landscape of Pakistan. As a mixed-method study, it first explored linguistic structures on 502 photographed signboards; secondly, linguistic structures beyond the sentence were examined by analysing the interview data obtained from eight local people and data obtained from 64 observation checklists. Thirdly, the discourse of language and power was discussed by scrutinising interview data obtained from the eight authorities. Mediated discourse analysis, as given by Scollon and Scollon in 2003, was used as the theoretical framework. Among the 12 textual genres identified, prohibitory, warning, command and restrictive signboards were found to be highly influential in maintaining social order in a strict way. Though such signboards are necessary to maintain social order but anything domineering hinders rather than helps to achieve the objective. The other two sources of data collection triangulated the study and reaffirmed the results of the primary research. The authorities of the signboards portrayed an ideal picture and put all the blame on the local people, saying they were the ones not following signboards, which elucidated their power as authorities. The local people believed that excess of negation on public signboards had the opposite effect. It makes them even more to disregard what is written on signboards. Conclusively, this study can help to bridge the communication gap between the authorities and sign makers in improving the language of public signboards as it recommends minimising the content of harsh words and replacing them with indirect wordings. It will help authorities to gain their target of maintaining social order more efficiently
Pengaruh proses pembelajaran kepada prestasi kerja ekspatriat
Get PDFInternational human resource management is expanding because of rising worldwide competitiveness and the internationalization of the global market. The increasing number of expatriates has contributed to the process of internationalization which acts as one of the main factors to the sharing of knowledge and ideas through international assignments. In order to improve the expatriate’s function in international assignments, it is important to practice effective strategies to ensure that the expatriate plays an optimal role. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the influence of the learning process on the work performance of expatriates. The objective of this study is to identify the factors that influence the learning process of expatriates from international assignments, examine the host company’s responsibility towards the expatriate learning process and explain the influence of the learning process during international assignments on expatriate work performance. This study uses qualitative methods to obtain data through open-ended questions given to respondents consisting of 7 foreign expatriates who work in multinational companies from various sectors in Malaysia. The findings of this study explain that the expatriate learning process is influenced by 4 factors, namely expatriate preparation, learning orientation, cultural intelligence and work performance evaluation. Additionally, the implication of this study helps to provide the guide to develop the international trade and business sector which is closely related to the flow of goods and services, capital, technology, human resources and knowledge sharing between two countries. Future research should focus on the influence of the entire learning process on expatriates by identifying the appropriate learning process to be used in helping expatriates to adapt and improve expatriate performance