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Influencing factors on intention to use learning management system in Saudi Arabia
Get PDFBlending learning in Saudi merge between face-to-face and Learning management system. However; it has been reported in many prior studies that there is low usage of Learning Management Systems among Saudi students. Researchers tried to come up with conclusion to interpret the low usage and main determinants behind it. Researchers targeted management, academicians and students to investigate this issue. This research found that prior studies can be clustered based on their main focus. Consequently; this research in trying to propose a model covering different aspects of the issue has conducted a comprehensive literature review for all possible related published papers concern Saudi context or other contexts. The proposed model consists of three main dimensions which are Technology Readiness Index (TRI), technology acceptance model (TAM) and technology enablers. This research has conducted cross-sectional study covered public universities in central region of Saudi. This study collected answers from over 915 respondents. Analyses have been conducted using quantitative statistical tool called Smart PLS. the empirical evidences proved that the proposed model can significantly describe the intention to use Learning Management System by Saudi students. The findings of this study have revealed that to resolve low usage of Learning Management System, positive intention among students should be encouraged. This could be happened when improvement can be taken place in terms of providing facilities (stable internet connection, rich electronic resources), support (training and conducting awareness campaign), escalating optimism, innovativeness and reducing insecurity and discomfort
Sustainable school leadership for learning model: Predictor for teachers’ extra effort, school effectiveness, and teachers’ satisfaction towards teaching
Get PDFMany leadership theories have been put forward, and each theory claimed that leadership theories have a significant impact on the organization. However, the question arises to practitioners in schools, which are the most suitable theories that could be applied? Although many leadership theories have been published, scholars still cautioned practitioners not to adopt leadership theories wholly from the West due to different cultures. Besides, the lack of a valid questionnaire to measure sustainable leadership for learning is also a crucial issue. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a sustainable leadership for learning model (SLL) and a questionnaire to measure it. A cross-sectional survey design was used. A total of 155 teachers were involved in the pilot study, and 252 teachers were involved in the actual study to test the SLL model and the validity of a self-developed questionnaire, namely The Sustainable Leadership for Learning Questionnaire (SLLQ). The School Effectiveness Index (SSE), Teachers’ Extra Effort Questionnaire (TXE), and Teachers’ Satisfaction toward Teaching (TSS) were utilized to measure the dependent variables. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) were used to test the measurement model and hypotheses of the study. The results show that the SLL model is an integrated model consisting of seven factors, and a significant predictor of teachers’ extra effort, school effectiveness, and teachers’ satisfaction with R2 = 0.397, 0.396, and 0.315 respectively. While the SLLQ is a valid questionnaire to measure the SLL model. This study has contributed to the development of a leadership model and questionnaire in the context of the education sector in Malaysia. This study suggests that school principals apply the SLL model to enhance the teachers’ extra effort, school effectiveness, and teachers’ job satisfaction. To researchers, this study recommends that future studies use the SLLQ without reservation
A simple modification of trinomial distribution
Get PDFStatistical distributions play an important role in analyzing data and are fundamental to data science. They provide a framework for understanding and modeling various data phenomena, which enable accurate predictions, meaningful insights, and effective decision-making. Classical discrete probability distributions, such as binomial, trinomial, and multinomial distributions, require the possible outcomes for each trial to be mutually exclusive, where the outcomes cannot occur simultaneously. In normal situation, when involving a decision-making process, the answer should be “Yes” or “No” only. However, the uncertainty may arise leading the outcome of “Not Sure” and this is not a mutually exclusive outcome with “Yes” and “No”. Therefore, this study took the initiative to modify the classical trinomial distribution to accommodate a non-mutually exclusive outcome. The probability mass function (PMF) of the Modification of Trinomial Distribution (MoTD) is derived through trinomial expansion. The parameters of MoTD estimated using the maximum likelihood method and the method of moment to ensure those obtained estimators are unbiased, sufficient, efficient, and consistent. The MoTD was tested on work-life balance data, and its performance in terms of standard deviation was compared to the binomial and trinomial distributions. The findings indicate that the parameters of MoTD fulfil the properties of good estimators. A test on real data showed that MoTD performed better compared to the binomial and trinomial distributions, as it produced lower standard deviations, signifying smaller dispersion. In conclusion, the MoTD extends the classical trinomial distribution by allowing “Not Sure” to be non-mutually exclusive outcome. MoTD can help decision-makers dealing with uncertainty by minimizing the standard deviation in data analysis, leading to better decision-making
The adoption of accounting standards by Malaysian cooperatives
Get PDFThe ambiguous landscape in the adoption of accounting standards in Malaysia's cooperative sector is a critical concern, given that this sector also contributes to the national economy. This study investigates the complexities of the compatibility of accounting standards, namely the Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS) and the Malaysian Private Entity Reporting Standards (MPERS), with the various cooperative clusters in Malaysia. Investigating 60 cooperatives, this research examines existing accounting standards adopted by cooperatives, explores the associations between cooperative characteristics such as size, type of business, members' share capital, age, leverage, profitability and the adoption of accounting standards. In addition, this research looks into the reasons of the non-disclosure of cooperatives' choice of accounting standards. Through a rigorous mixed methods approach that integrates quantitative analysis using Pearson Chi-Square, Logistic Regression and qualitative surveys, the study unexpectedly revealed no significant association and differences between the characteristics of cooperatives and the selection of accounting standards. The qualitative phase provides valuable insights, showing that the cooperatives that chose MFRS prioritized wide applicability, ensuring transparency and legal compliance, while those that selected MPERS prioritized relevance, simplicity and ease of implementation. Small cooperatives that face communication and knowledge gaps, mostly choose MPERS. Beyond the empirical insights, this research supports adaptive standards, tailored education, and proactive regulatory guidance, emphasizing the need for clear and sector-specific accounting standards for financial reporting transparency. This study informs regulatory reforms and educational initiatives, strengthens stakeholder confidence, and improves the integrity of the cooperative sector's financial reporting
Application of Islamic advertising among muslim online seller
Get PDFIn the business world, the most important element for sellers is advertising in marketing a product or service. However, some issues contradict Islam in advertising such as having elements of fraud, dishonesty, and overstatement in making statements. This study aimed to identify the extent of the application of Islamic advertisements among online sellers. This study uses a qualitative method by applying in-depth interview methods with informant. A total of twelve informant were involved in this study. The results of this study found that all sellers use the full online advertising method in promoting their products and services. In addition, online sellers have a good understanding of Islamic advertising and overall they have applied Islamic advertising in marketing products and services. However, some sellers do not use Islamic advertising due to several factors. Finally, they think that there are various benefits obtained after implementing advertising according to Islamic methods. Therefore, it is hoped that this study will provide a better understanding of Islamic advertising according to Islamic method
An enhanced house price index model in Malaysia: Maqasid Shariah perspectives
Get PDFThe house price index (HPI) has become an important tool for measuring housing market performance in Malaysia. Having reviewed the current model of the Malaysian House Price Index (MHPI), it was discovered that HPI is constructed based on demand-driven variables. Previous studies alluded that both macroeconomic and supply factors should be incorporated into the HPI construction to obtain a better reflective indicator. Therefore, this study aims to construct an enhanced HPI model in Malaysia. The time series analysis technique known as the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) was adopted to analyse the short and long-run dynamics between the variables. The existing determinants of HPI were first examined. The data employed in this study was quarterly data from the first quarter of 2008 to the fourth quarter of 2018. The findings revealed that the construction cost and home financing are significant in determining HPI, while the overnight policy rate and land supply are insignificant. Hence, a new enhanced HPI incorporating new demand and supply variables was developed using the Laspeyres approach. The analysis shows that the enhanced HPI has also recorded the same trend but with a lower price value than the current MHPI. This enhanced HPI model is able to contribute a better indication of the real housing market situation in Malaysia, which is more reflective of the macroeconomic fundamentals and housing market variables. The implementation of price benchmarks is another contribution as it is consistent with the goals of Shariah to create justice and fairness in financial transactions and serves as a mechanism to prevent people from facing distress and hardship. This study has an important policy implication for the involved parties to have some policy ramifications to further monitor and take appropriate measures in controlling property prices
Faktor-Faktor Hasrat Berhenti Kerja di Industri Perhotelan di Utara Semenanjung Malaysia: Impak Kepuasan Kerja dan Tekanan Kerja
No full textModal insan adalah sumber terpenting untuk kelangsungan sesebuah organisasi, terutamanya dalam pencapaian objektif dan kebolehsaingan. Hasrat untuk berhenti kerja adalah perancangan seseorang pekerja untuk meninggalkan pekerjaan mereka sekarang dalam masa terdekat dan digunakan sebagai salah satu indikator untuk mengukur tahap pusing ganti sebenar dalam sesebuah organisasi. Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti faktor-faktor hasrat untuk berhenti kerja dalam kalangan pekerja hotel. Antara faktor yang dikaji dalam penyelidikan ini adalah faktor organisasi (ganjaran, jaminan kerja, polisi dan prosedur keselamatan, sokongan rakan sekerja), faktor sosial (salah laku pelanggan) dan faktor individu (tekanan kerja dan kepuasan kerja). Selain itu, kajian ini merujuk kepada Teori Pertukaran Sosial dan Teori Keseimbangan Organisasi dan dilakukan dalam kalangan pekerja hotel yang beroperasi di Kawasan Utara Semenanjung Malaysia iaitu (Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang & Perak Utara). Kaedah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik telah dipilih untuk diimplementasikan dalam kajian ini. Sebanyak 450 soal selidik telah diedarkan kepada responden kajian. Hanya 350 soal selidik lengkap telah digunakan dalam prosedur analisis data. Kaedah Pemodelan Persamaan Kuasa Dua Terkecil Separa (PLS-SEM) telah digunakan dalam pengujian hipotesis. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan jaminan kerja mempunyai hubungan signifikan dan negatif dengan hasrat untuk berhenti kerja, salah laku pelanggan mempunyai hubungan signifikan dan positif terhadap hasrat untuk berhenti kerja, ganjaran mempunyai hubungan signifikan yang positif dengan kepuasan kerja, sokongan rakan sekerja mempunyai hubungan signifikan yang positif dengan kepuasan kerja, manakala, tekanan kerja menyederhanakan sokongan rakan sekerja terhadap hasrat untuk berhenti kerja dan tekanan kerja menyederhanakan hubungan salah laku pelanggan terhadap hasrat untuk berhenti kerja dan mempunyai hubungan signifikan dan disokong. Manakala selebihnya tidak signifikan termasuklah peranan perantara. Walaupun terdapat beberapa limitasi di dalam kajian ini, namun, kajian ini tetap Berjaya dilaksanakan. Secara keseluruhan, semua pihak haruslah memahami kesan dan langkah yang bakal diambil oleh pihak pengurusan hotel serta mengembleng tenaga dalam membendung hasrat untuk berhenti kerja dan seterusnya dapat mengkaji faktor lain seperti kepimpinan, persekitaran tempat kerja yang dapat mengurangkan pusing ganti yang sebenar di kalangan pekerja hotel di Malaysi
The position of international law on the non-peaceful use of outer space
Get PDFOuter space, due to its international nature and significance for all of humanity, has been the subject of several international agreements and conventions. These legal instruments are intended to provide a legal framework for the peaceful exploration and use of outer space. However, these international agreements and conventions, such as the Outer Space Treaty (OST) (1967), The Liability Convention (1972), and The Moon Agreement (MA) (1984), are lagging behind in terms of providing legal framework pertaining to peaceful exploration and use of outer space. This study evaluates how international agreements and conventions address the use of outer space for non-peaceful activities. It explores the history of space exploration, its various applications, and its legal definitions and foundations. This study reviews the main legal texts regulating space activities and examines the United Arab Emirates' space laws. The study also assesses the legality of militarisation in outer space. The data was collected through the library-based approach. Several methods of data analysis, such as critical, analytical and content analysis, were employed in analysing the data. The thesis began with the proposition that outer space agreements and conventions need to be revised and improved to ensure the peaceful use of outer space and put an end to the militarisation and weaponisation of outer space. The study finds that the use of remote-sensing satellites may incite conflicts impacting national security and sovereignty. Current space treaties lack a clear definition of outer space and criteria to differentiate it from airspace. Claims of sovereignty over space regions by any state conflict with the principle of free use of outer space, as stated in the OST (1967). Furthermore, the MA (1984) is outdated, failing to thoroughly address military space issues and technological advancements in military capabilities. In the light of the above, the study recommends clarifying the definition of outer space and updating international treaties to reflect technological progress and prevent non-peaceful activities, thereby protecting all nations' interests
Factors influencing the intentions to purchase Takaful among millennials in Selangor
Get PDFThere is a disturbing tendency among millennials today to their low level of financial awareness that leads to, the intention for takaful is not the top priority to them. Since they are less likely to think about their future, they are not considering takaful, overestimate the cost of purchasing takaful, and are least likely to interact with takaful providers. This study seeks to bridge a knowledge gap regarding the intentions of the millennials in Selangor to purchase Takaful. The factors identified are based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) which are attitude, knowledge, subjective norms, and religiosity. There are 125 respondents participating in this study. Based on the results of Multiple Linear regression and Pearson correlation Analysis, findings show that attitude and subjective norms are positively and significantly related to purchase intentions. The findings of the study are important for Islamic financial institutions, especially for takaful companies to revamp their marketing strategies. Understanding the behavior of millennials towards takaful could help to strengthen the Takaful products, increase awareness, and make them consider Takaful as one of the options for the future preparations of the next generation
Effects of financial wellness on work perfomance of private sector employees in Klang Valley
Get PDFThe research is based on analyzing the effect of financial wellness on work performance of private sector employees working in Klang Valley. The research highlights the issue that financial wellness criteria varies from person to person and managing the factors will not be possible. The objective of this study is to identify the relationship and effect of financial wellness on work performance of employees working in private sector of Klang Valley. The underpinning theory is related to employee motivation which comes from financial wellness and will make a direct impact on work performance of employees. The sampling technique used in research is simple random sampling, 262 questionnaire data is collected and SPSS is used for identifying the variables of research. The results mentioned that three components of financial wellness i.e. financial wealth, financial health, and financial security has significant impact on work performance of employees working in Klang Valley. On theoretical grounds this study helps in understanding the importance of financial wellness and its role in keeping employee morale high so that they will be able to manage their work performance. Lastly, the practical implications of this research will focus on making management well aware of adopting appropriate financial compensation models to increase employee morale so that they will be able to work at their maximum efficiency