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Enforcement of international arbitration awards of petroleum disputes in Iraq: A legal analysis
No full textMost petroleum contracts concluded by Iraq with international oil companies include an arbitration clause. Despite this, many opined that Iraq still suffers from problems enforcing international arbitration awards in petroleum disputes, which warrant analysis and suitable action. By adopting doctrinal research method, this thesis examines the possibility of enforcing international arbitration awards that arise from oil disputes in which the Iraqi government is a party. Therefore, this thesis seeks to study the challenges facing the enforcement of arbitration awards arising from petroleum disputes in Iraq and analyse the Iraqi national laws and international agreements governing the recognition and enforcement of international arbitration awards in Iraq. Data was collected through library-based approach and semi-structured interviews with lawyers, academics, and national and foreign oil company employees. Several data analysis methods, such as critical, analytical, and content analysis, have been used in the data analysis. The study also adopted a comparative method with Saudi Arabia and Malaysia to benefit from these countries' experiences and improving the Iraqi legal system to enforce arbitration awards. The results reveal that the Iraqi Code of Civil Procedure No. 83 of 1969 needs to be improved and more robust in enforcing international arbitration awards. In addition, the New York Convention, which Iraq joined in 2021, may not be applied to the enforcement of arbitration awards in petroleum disputes as a result of the commercial reservation that Iraq placed upon joining the convention because the legal nature of oil contracts is still a matter of conflict in the jurisprudence and legal circles in Iraq. The particular significance of this study lies in the need for a recent academic study showing the extent to which the New York Convention can be applied to arbitration awards in petroleum disputes and the extent to which Iraqi laws are appropriate to enforce these awards. Therefore, the instant research material and data are very important and worthy of research. This study recommends speeding up the enactment of new provisions for recognising and enforcing arbitration awards that consider not repeating the same problems in the current Civil Procedure Code. Additionally, the instant research proposes certain amendments to Iraqi Enforcement Law No. 45 of 1980 to be compatible with enforcing international arbitration awards in Iraq and reviewing Iraq's commerce reservation under the New York Convention. As a result of the lack of experience in petroleum arbitration in Iraq, the study suggested the establishment of a centre for international petroleum arbitration in Iraq
Accounting information system use in Jordanian companies: The antecedents and the outcomes
No full textAccounting Information Systems (AIS) play a pivotal role in enhancing the competitiveness of businesses by providing rapid, precise, and reliable financial data for informed decision-making. Despite governmental interventions, the adoption of AIS among Jordanian businesses remains relatively low, limiting its impact on overall performance. This study aims to investigate the influence of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) characteristics, technological factors, organisational factors, and environmental factors on AIS use in Jordanian companies across diverse industries with the control effect of firm size. The study also examines the impact of AIS use on both financial and nonfinancial performance. The Resource-Based View (RBV), the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory, and the Technology–Organisation–Environment (TOE) framework serve as the foundation for the research framework. The study collected data using the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling Technique, reaching across manufacturing, trade, and services sectors. A total of 700 questionnaires were distributed to CEOs in small, medium, and large companies in Jordan, with 315 responses received. The study used Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), leveraging Smart PLS3 to analyse the data. Results indicate that CEO characteristics significantly influence AIS use, except for CEO trust in technology. Regarding technological factors, all aspects significantly impact AIS use except for relative advantage. Organisational and environmental factors exhibit a positive and significant effect on AIS use. Additionally, AIS use positively influences both financial and non-financial performance. Both theoretical and practical consequences are offered by the study in the form of the introduction of CEO characteristics in relation to AIS use. The study aids managers and practitioners in understanding the fundamental elements necessary for the adoption of AIS
The relationship between human resource practices and employee retention in manufacturing industry
Get PDFRetention of talents is crucial for organizations to remain competitive in the business. Hence, employee retention has received considerable research attention including the various long-term strategies and efforts performed by the organization to ensure that employees remain in the business. The study aims to examine the relationship between four human resource practices (training and development, career development, rewards and compensation, performance appraisal) and employee retention. The study was conducted among 170 employees selected from five manufacturing companies located in Penang, Malaysia. The respondents for this study were selected using a convenient sampling technique. This study employed a quantitative research approach, based on cross-sectional study research design. The data for this study were collected using the online survey via Google forms. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 27. Both the descriptive and inferential analysis was performed to fulfil the objective of the study. The multiple regression analysis indicates that rewards and compensation and performance appraisal are strongly correlated with employee retention. However, training and development and career development do not have a statistically significant relationship with employee retention in the manufacturing companies. This study has also identified practical implications, theoretical implications, and limitations encountered during its execution. This study also proposed recommendations for future researchers interested in investigating the correlation between HR practices and employee retention
The relationship between safety training and safety communication torards behaviour among employees in GC
No full textSafety training and safety communication are an important element to shape employee behaviour directly or in directly at the factory. This study aimed to study the relationship between safety training and safety communication towards safety behaviour among employees in the manufacturing company which is GC. A self-administrative questionnaire was applied for data collection which involved 138 respondents. Raw data collection process was analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) Version 26.0 specifically for descriptive and inferential analysis. The progression exploration revealed that safety training and safety communication has a positive significant relationship towards the dependent variables which are safety behavior. Correlation analysis revealed that there is a positive correlated relationship. While regression analysis shows that the R-squared value is 0.176. The impact showed that GC should provide more training and communicate more often such as provide program related to safety issue in the factory. All employees work in the factory need to comply and work together to reduce the number of accidents. Comprehensively, this study may provide guidance to factory in order to provide better training and ensure there is effective communication related to safety in their workplace
The Role Of Subjective Norms, Job Insecurity And Perceived Organizational Support On Help-Seeking Behavior Intention Among Administrative And Diplomatic Officers
Get PDFIt is important for individual to seek help when facing with mental health problems to remain productive and functional to perform at work. By seeking help also, could decrease the cost and effect of mental health problems and allow individuals to contribute positively to society. Thus, finding ways to encourage individual to seek help is seen crucial. This study is carried out to examine the direct relationship between subjective norms, job insecurity, perceived organizational support, and help-seeking behavior intention. In this study, the unit of analysis is the individual administrative and diplomatic officers. A quantitative approach is employed by collecting data using a disproportionate stratified random sampling technique through an online survey. A cross-sectional design was used where data were collected at one point of time involving 191 administrative and diplomatic officers. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. Results showed no significant relationship between subjective norms and help-seeking behavior intention. Interestingly, both job insecurity and perceived organizational support were found significant but in the opposite direction indicating that feeling insecure of losing a job influence the intention to seek help when experiencing mental health problem. The results also showed how providing with organizational support tend to lower the intention to seek help. These finding provide several contributions toward knowledge and practice where new empirical evidence on the relationship between subjective norms, job insecurity, perceived organizational support and help-seeking behavior intention have
emerge from the study. These new findings also provide new insight for practitioner on how to encourage individual to seek help
Determinants of financial inclusion in North - Western Nigeria: a mediating effect of Islamic finance products adoption
Get PDFNigeria currently ranks among the top seven countries globally with low financial inclusion. The northwest region of Nigeria mainly exhibits the highest financial exclusion rate compared to other regions, underscoring the imperative to understand the factors influencing financial inclusion in this area. This study expands upon the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine the determinants of financial inclusion participation and the mediating effect of Islamic finance product adoption among adults in Nigeria's predominantly Muslim Northwest region. The research employs a quantitative approach within the positivist paradigm. The purposive sampling collected data from 500 adults, yielding 324 valid responses. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Partial Least Squares (PLS) was utilized for data analysis. The findings reveal that all original TPB variables significantly influenced financial inclusion participation, including attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention. Additionally, government support impacted financial inclusion participation, whereas awareness and access to banking and digital channels were insignificant. Furthermore, Islamic finance product adoption significantly influences financial inclusion participation and mediates the relationships between attitudes, behavioral intentions, government support, access to banking and digital channels, and financial inclusion participation. However, Islamic finance adoption does not mediate the relationships involving subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and awareness. The study suggests that future research should encompass other regions of Nigeria, particularly the northeast and northcentral regions, and consider integrating additional variables to explain financial inclusion. Longitudinal data replication of the model is also recommended. The study's practical implications include advocating for additional branches of non-interest banks, introducing diverse Islamic finance products, expanding agent banking in rural areas, developing digital products for youth, and enhancing financial literacy among women and the elderly to increase awareness of banking products and service
Kepuasan kerja guru Maahad Tahfiz dan komitmen organisasi: etika kerja islam sebagai moderator
Get PDFKajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti pengaruh kepuasan kerja guru maahad tahfiz terhadap komitmen organisasi berdasarkan etika kerja Islam sebagai penyederhana bagi meningkatkan mutu kerja. Fokus kajian ini adalah bagi mengesan perbezaan tahap kepuasan kerja, komitmen organisasi dan etika kerja Islam berdasarkan aliran pendidikan, tahap pengajian dan pendapatan guru maahad tahfiz, juga meneliti hubungan, pengaruh dan pengaruh penyederhanaan antara kepuasan kerja, komitmen organisasi dan etika kerja Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan Three Component Model Employee Commitment Survey (TCM-ECS) versi semakan yang dibangunkan oleh Meyer dan Allen (2004) yang terdiri daripada komitmen afektif, komitmen berterusan dan komitmen normatif. Teori Locke dan Teori Two Factors Theory oleh Herzberg berkaitan kepuasan kerja dan ketidakpuasan kerja turut diberi perhatian dalam kajian ini. Manakala, etika kerja Islam berasaskan satu set nilai atau system kepercayaan yang diterapkan daripada al-Quran dan hadis mengenai kerja bagi meningkatkan keseimbangan antara individu dan sosial turut diberi penekanan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan seluruh populasi digunakan sebagai responden kajian ini dengan data dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian statistical package for the social science (SPSS) version 28. Sebanyak 676 borang soal selidik telah diedarkan kepada semua guru maahad tahfiz di Kedah. 98 borang soal selidik yang mewakili 14.5% borang soal selidik telah diperolehi dan dianalisis. Statistik deskriptif, ujian-t, ANOVA satu hala, korelasi Pearson, analisis regresi berganda dan analisis regresi berhierarki digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil kajian ini membuktikan bahawa guru maahad tahfiz terutamanya yang berpendidikan kebangsaan, sangat komited kepada organisasi dan berpuas hati dengan pekerjaan mereka walaupun menerima pendapatan yang rendah dan dalam masa yang sama, mereka turut mengamalkan etika kerja Islam. Oleh itu, pihak berkuasa perlu memberi perhatian terhadap pendapatan dan kebajikan guru-guru maahad tahfiz bagi mengelakkan kemungkinan mereka meninggalkan maahad tahfiz sekiranya terdapat peluang dan ruang yang lebih baik
Islamic agricultural management: a study of rice intensification model in asnaf large scale smart paddy field at Kedah State Zakat Board
Get PDFRice is an important commodity in Malaysia because it is the most important staple food for the people of Malaysia. Therefore, the target of increasing rice production by farmers has always been the main policy of the Malaysian government in line with the increase in the number of Malaysians from year to year. One of the efforts for increasing rice production is by applying innovation in the management of rice cultivation, either through innovation in production or innovation in the production process. One of the management innovations in the country's rice granary area is Asnaf Large Scale Smart Paddy Field at Kedah State Zakat Board. The objective of this program is to increase rice production with lower operating costs and indirectly help Asnaf and expand rice cultivation. Meanwhile, the management innovation practiced in areas outside the granaries that do not have a complete irrigation system is the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) technique. It is common knowledge that a program will not be successful if the target group does not receive appropriate support and assistance. Therefore, this study aims to identify the determining factors for the acceptance of the SMART SBBA, LZNK program and SRI techniques among farmers. The interview method was conducted to identify the issues and challenges of the Asnaf farmers of the SMART SBBA, LZNK program on rice cultivation and also the farmers' acceptance of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) technique. The findings of the study show that the issues and challenges faced in rice cultivation are the elements of soil, water, pesticides, weather and the attitude of the rice farmers themselves which lead to a fall in rice productivity. While the determinants of farmers' acceptance of SRI techniques are increased rice yields, reduced operating costs, reduced water use, encouragement from government agencies and health awarenes
The impact of physical security measures on workplace safety: A study on manufacturing plant in Malaysia
No full textThis study examines the relationship between physical security measures and workplace safety within the Perodua manufacturing plant in Malaysia. Physical security measures analyzed include surveillance systems, access control, security personnel, and emergency response protocols. Utilizing a quantitative research approach, data were collected through structured questionnaires from 371 employees, and analyzed using statistical methods. Findings reveal that effective surveillance systems significantly deter hazardous activities and enhance compliance with safety standards. The results underscore the role of surveillance systems, access control, and security personnel in enhancing safety, but also the importance of effective emergency response mechanisms. The study also provides actionable strategies to improve these security measures, including strengthening surveillance systems, investing in staff training, streamlining access control measures, and emergency response plans. It also offers cues to the organizations striving to enhance work safety that will address both the academic growth of security management as well as its practical development. The paper ends with recommendations for future safety improvements and for future research
The linkages between emotional intelligence, perceived organizational support, occupational self-efficacy, and organizational commitment among employees in manufacturing sector
No full textOrganizational commitment is a very important aspect in ensuring high productivity and performance among employees. Hence, the main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence, perceived organizational support, occupational self-efficacy, and organizational commitment among executives in the manufacturing sector in Klang Valley. The research involved 540 employees, but only 242 out of 260 returned questionnaires were usable for analysis. The data were processed using SPSS version 20 and consist of descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. The study revealed significant positive relationships between perceived organizational support and organizational commitment, as well as between occupational self-efficacy and organizational commitment. The results infer that perceived organisational support and occupational self-efficacy were the major dominant factors of organisational commitment. The results basically contribute to additional empirical evidence in the field of organizational commitment, perceived organizational support, emotional intelligence, and occupational self-efficacy. In terms of practical implications, the results of the study show that employers should focus on improving organizational support in order to elevate organizational commitment. Additionally, given the significant role of occupational self-efficacy in predicting organizational commitment, it is crucial for employers to nurture occupational self-efficacy among employees or perhaps use this attribute as one of the selection criteria in the staffing process. Furthermore, this research opens doors for similar studies in other sectors such as services, construction, agriculture, and telecommunications