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Adaptive interaction design model for location-based augmented reality in cultural heritage sites
Get PDFAugmented Reality (AR) has enabled travel and tourism industries to advance beyond the conventional sources of information providers. Adaptive Location-Based Augmented Reality (LBAR) may assist in providing dynamic media and interactivity, which needs a new set of interaction techniques to enhance and enrich the application usage by visitors in cultural heritage sites. However, research in adaptive interaction design models remains scarce, especially on adaptive interaction in LBAR in cultural heritage sites. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to identify the modalities of interaction techniques which are essentials for LBAR; to identify users needs and preferred interaction techniques when using LBAR in cultural heritage sites; to develop an adaptive interaction design model based on identified user needs and preferred interaction techniques on LBAR; and to validate the interaction model using user validation. This study employed the design science research method, which includes focus group discussion, expert review, user requirements, and usability testing. Use cases and user persona were developed during focus group discussion, which led to the identification of user needs and preferred interaction techniques. This and previous studies have yielded modalities which are unimodal, multimodal, and adaptive and were then included in the adaptive interaction design model. Next, four experts reviewed and concluded that the adaptive interaction design model is usable for the development of location-based mobile AR applications for cultural heritage sites. Then, a prototype named MelakAR was developed as a proof-of-concept and tested by 35 participants in terms of its usability. Based on the usability testing, participants agreed on its ease of use; its perceived usefulness, and its satisfaction. The results show that the participants were indeed satisfied with using the MelakAR app in Melaka cultural heritage sites. The main outcome of this study is an adaptive interaction design model that provides guidelines for future developers to incorporate adaptive interaction strategies for LBAR in cultural heritage sites
Gendered experiences, gender disparity and gender identity among university students in Bangladesh
No full textGendered experiences are multilayered and vary to a great extent depending on different socio-cultural contexts. This qualitative study delves into the gendered experiences due to an absence of similar research conducted in the context of Bangladesh. This study investigates gender disparity and analyzes gendered experiences as well as gender identity among Bangladeshi university students. The study intends to make it gender inclusive by investigating both male and female students’ gendered experiences. Underpinned by Eagly’s social role theory, the study applies the method of conducting focus group and semi-structured interview with 24 respondents from four different public and private universities in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The research findings indicate that both male and female have regulated social behavioural patterns, disparities in educational attainment and career development; and male have domestic and social authority. Findings identified the influences of family, relatives, neighbours, peers, educational institutions, and workplaces in formation of students’ gender identity. The findings also indicate the differences in sexual harassment and bullying among male and female students. The study contributed to the current literature on the governing factors, which influence the formation of gender identity and gendered experiences in terms of private and public spheres among university students. The study also discusses both theoretical and practical implications of the research; and suggests the possibilities of future research. Future research should focus on gender equality in educational and professional opportunities, gender sensitive educational and social environment; as well as the development of gender inclusive leadership among university student
Pendekatan sistem pencegahan dan pemantauan tingkah laku kelansangan di sekolah berisiko tinggi di Negeri Kedah
Get PDFTingkah laku langsang dalam kalangan pelajar merupakan satu masalah di sekolah. Sebagai satu ikhtiar pencegahan, maka pihak PDRM telah memperkenalkan Sistem Pencegahan dan Pemantauan Tingkah laku Pelajar (SPPTP) untuk menangani masalah tingkah laku langsang. Walaupun SPPTP telah dilaksanakan, namun kes jenayah kelangsangan dalam kalangan pelajar masih lagi meningkat. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti kelemahan sistem yang sedia ada bagi mencadangkan model penambahbaikan yang Baharu bagi mencegah tingkah laku langsang dalam kalangan pelajar bermasalah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kaedah campuran kuantitatif yang disokong oleh kualitatif. Borang soal selidik digunakan bagi mendapatkan data pelajar secara teknik persampelan bertujuan. Perbincangan kumpulan fokus dengan melibatkan informan yang terdiri daripada Pegawai Perhubungan Sekolah (PPS), Guru dan Ibu Bapa bagi mendapatkan data sokongan. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan tahap tingkah laku langsang pelajar berada pada tahap yang sederhana akibat pemantauan pihak PDRM. Majoriti informan menyatakan keberkesanan model SPPTP dalam mengurangkan dan mencegah tingkah laku langsang. Analisis data kuantitatif menunjukkan tingkah laku langsang tidak berbeza secara signifikan mengikut faktor demografi yang dikaji. Pemodelan Persamaan Struktur (SEM) digunakan untuk melihat keberkesanan SPPTP. Hasil menunjukkan peranan ibu bapa, penglibatan pelajar, peranan PIBG, penyebaran maklumat, kemahiran insaniah melalui intervensi kaunseling dan tugasan PPS berkesan secara sederhana dalam menangani tingkah laku langsang pelajar. Berdasarkan kepada hasil penilaian sistem sedia ada ini, model SPPTP ini boleh ditambahbaik dengan unsur-unsur seperti bimbingan dan intervensi kaunseling, bengkel ilmu kriminologi dan koreksional serta penerangan tentang ilmu poligraf dan biomatrik bagi memantapkan lagi kesan intervensi kepada pelajar-pelajar bermasalah terutama tingkah laku langsang. Model SPPTP yang telah ditambahbaik sebagai sumbangan kepada usaha pencegahan dan pengurangan kadar tingkah laku langsang yang berlaku dalam kalangan pelajar sekola
Peranan efikasi kendiri sebagai mediator dalam hubungan antara pembangunan profesionalisme dan kompetensi guru vokasional
Get PDFTechnical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) aims to support the country's development by producing skilled workers. Therefore, competent vocational teachers are the backbone of quality TVET education. Vocational teacher competency studies have been conducted by western and local researchers. However, further research is needed to improve the weaknesses in the design of professional development programs to bridge the competency gap among Malaysian TVET teachers. This study aims to identify self-efficacy's role as a mediator between professionalism development and vocational teacher competency. This quantitative study employs a cross-sectional survey method involving 309 vocational teachers in Northern Zone Vocational Colleges, selected using proportional stratified sampling techniques. SPSS 23 software was used for data examination and descriptive statistical analysis. On the other hand, SmartPLS 3.0 was used to test the influence between variables and the role of self-efficacy as a mediator variable because of its capability to handle complex models, and is particularly suitable for this exploratory study, where the primary goal is to predict and understand the relationships between variables. The results indicated high levels of professionalism development and self-efficacy among teachers, while the competency of vocational teachers is very high. The high levels of self-efficacy and its mediating role indicate that professional development programs should aim to boost teachers' confidence in their abilities, as this significantly enhances their overall competency. These findings suggest that vocational teacher development programs should prioritize active learning environments within the classroom, focusing on teaching content and collective involvement among teachers. This study contributes to forming a structural model of vocational teacher competency development based on social cognitive theory, highlighting that personal factors (self-efficacy) and the learning environment are crucial for improving vocational teachers' competence
The effect of behavioral factors and demographics upon acceptance of M-government services
Get PDFThe ubiquitous nature of mobile communications and handsets provides an opportunity to render cost effective and convenient access to governmental services. However, designing acceptable mobile government (m-government) services requires understanding the behavior of its users across all segments of society. This study investigated the influence of behavioral factors on users’ acceptance of m-government services, focusing on Pakistan’s context. Behavioral factors including awareness, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, technology readiness, and hedonic motivation, were assessed for their impact on users’ behavioral intentions to accept
m-government services. A quantitative research approach was employed to collect a total of 434 responses through stratified sampling from respondents in provincial and federal capitals across the country. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was utilized for data analysis, including the moderating effect of four demographic variables—gender, age, income, and education on the relationship between these behavioral factors and users’ behavioral intentions. The findings indicated that all behavioral factors significantly influence users’ behavioral intentions to accept m-government services. The study also revealed gender differences affecting the relationship between trust, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, technology readiness, and users’ behavioral intentions to adopt m-government services. Age factor was identified as a moderator of the relationship between awareness, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, technology readiness, and users’ behavioral intentions. Income factor was found to moderate the relationship between trust, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, technology readiness, and users’ behavioral intentions. Moreover, education factor was identified to moderate the relationship between hedonic motivation, trust, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, technology readiness, and users’ behavioral intentions. This research offers insights for future studies aiming to explore moderating effect of demographic variables on behavioral factors. Furthermore, policymakers can utilize these findings to prioritize functional areas of m-government platforms, thereby fostering greater citizen acceptance of m-government initiatives
Influencing factors and post-purchase evaluation student's decision to study at private higher educations in Malaysia
Get PDFHigher education institutions in Malaysia need to become more efficient to survive in this highly competitive global industry. They are competing not only with local universities but also with those around the world. Malaysia's blueprint for the year 2025 must be implemented to this end. The factors influencing international students’ decision to study abroad, and their post-purchase evaluation have become a top priority. However, many higher education institutions continue to disregard this issue. This study investigates the influencing factors and post-purchase evaluation of international student’s decision to study at private higher education in Malaysia. The relationship between study abroad decisions and post-purchase evaluation was also examined. A quantitative method was employed in this study. An online questionnaire was distributed to 241 international students at private universities in Malaysia using cluster random sampling. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling via SmartPLS 23.0 to confirm the relationships between the constructs. The results reveal that home country, host country, cost, internal information sources, and academic factors significantly influence student’s decision to study abroad. Besides, decisions to study abroad had a significant impact on postpurchase (university facility evaluations). Additionally, study abroad decisions mediate the relationship between host country factors and internal information sources towards post-purchase evaluation. These findings are crucial to add to existing knowledge as they are consistent with the proposed research framework, which applies the push and pull theory and the decision-making model as underlying theories. Accordingly, the results could serve as a reference point for the government to develop a strategic plan for higher education. Policymakers in higher education institutions could use the empirical findings to formulate marketing strategies to increase the enrollment and satisfaction of international student
Private security governance in the Malaysian public sector
Get PDFThe outsourcing of private security services for government agencies is one of the government’s effort to meet the security needs of the public sector’s departments. However, increase in the numbers of private security services has also led to various security issues and challenges, especially in terms of provision and governance. This study aims to examine the provision of private security services in government agencies, in an attempt to establish an ideal private security governance model for the public sector. Therefore, a case study involving three organisations was carried out, which includes the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Office of the Chief Government Security Officer and the Malaysian Security Industry Association. The cross-case analysis revealed five major themes for private security governance namely shared co-governance relationship, divergence in resource management, state-centric compliance mechanism, diminished accountability and agenda transformation. A private security governance model in the context of government departments has been developed. Use of this model is recommended for layered public sector security modes. This study also suggests the formulation of a Private Security Governance Policy and the establishment of a Special Governance Agency for public sector security
Penglibatan belia dalam penyertaan awam di Malaysia
Get PDFPublic participation is important in a country. Youths are the ones who directly involve in public participation. However, previous studies have shown there was a decline in the membership registration in youth organizations. The Malaysian Youth Index statistics shows there is a decrease of 1.4 percent of youth involved in youth organizations, 6.3 percent for 2020 compared to 7.7 percent in 2019. The decrease in the percentage of youth involvement shows that young people are becoming less interested to involve in youth organizations. This has been a critical situation for the country since they are the future generation who should be exposed to leadership skills and national governance involvement. This study aims to discover the definition of public participation, examine the form of youth involvement; analyse the challenges faced by youths and highlight suggestions to increase the youth participation in governance. The participants of the study were seven (7) youth leaders who came from various different backgrounds and experiences in youth managerial between 2014 and 2022. The interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis The results of the study show that the understanding of the concept of public participation among youth leaders is still low. Meanwhile, the form of youth involvement in public participation is formed from activities that conceptualize aspects of education, community activities and sports activities. Among the challenges are the youth involvement, namely in terms of the gap between the senior leaders and the young ones, funding, and financial problems and the younger generation who are not interested in joining youth organizations. It has been suggested that the youth should involve in public participation, hold high-impact programs, enhance their innovation ideas and promotion, provide additional aids to encourage youth joining the governance management. The continuity of public participation together with management efficiency as well as the suitability involvement of the youth should be given attention as to allow consistency in youth participation and thus, it could develop future leaders
Organizational factors that contribute to police misconduct among Royal Malaysian Police Force (RMPF) in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor Malaysia
No full textPolice misconduct is a significant issue worldwide, affecting public trust and societal order. This study examines the organizational factors contributing to police misconduct, focusing on police officers in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. Findings from police-related research align with general occupational and management studies, suggesting that police officers may react similarly to other employees when facing organizational mistreatment. The study aims to identify specific organizational factors influencing police misconduct. A sample of 379 police officers from Kuala Lumpur and Selangor were randomly selected, as these two regions reported the highest cases of misconduct. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on a Likert scale, and the results were analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to determine relationships between the variables. The study focused on the role of leadership, organizational culture, and work environment, as well as organizational structure and training and development. The findings revealed that leadership, organizational culture, and work environment significantly influence police misconduct. However, factors such as organizational structure and training and development did not have a noticeable effect. These results suggest that leadership practices, cultural norms within the organization, and the overall work environment play a key role in shaping police officers' behaviours. This research provides valuable insights for the top management of the Police Service, particularly in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, to understand the current situation and how organizational factors affect police misconduct. The study highlights the need for police headquarters to address these factors to improve officers' performance and reduce incidents of misconduct. Future research could extend to other states or regions, considering additional organizational variables that reflect current needs. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of improving leadership, organizational culture, and the work environment to foster ethical behaviour and accountability within police departments
Zakat collection through the contract of wakalah (agent): A comparative study of Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) and Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah (LZNK)
No full textThe concept of wakalah (agency) is essential in the management of various Islamic financial activities, allowing the delegation of tasks such as collection and distribution to an authorized agent or organization. This system has been successfully applied to economic transactions, including Islamic banking and takaful. The application of wakalah may also have a significant impact on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of zakat collection. Therefore, this research aims to explore the application of wakalah contracts in zakat collection by BAZNAS West Java and LZNK Kedah, as well as examine the role of agents in both zakat boards. In addition, this study analyzes the best practices of wakalah contracts in zakat collection. Qualitative research with case studies is appropriate for this discussion, and content analysis is used in an inductive analysis process with documents and interviews as research instruments. The findings demonstrate that BAZNAS and LZNK comply with the contractual requirements and pillars of wakalah. Adding to that, LZNK is superior in the utilization of technology, such as the My Amil application system for zakat agents and My Employer for employee payroll deduction. The implemented centralized management approach also improves the effectiveness and efficiency of zakat collection and facilitates supervision at all levels or categories of agents. However, BAZNAS has diverse strategies and good agent recruitment criteria, and has recorded higher zakat collection due to due to the dominance of deductions from civil servants or employees. Additionally, each zakat agent faces the same challenge of limited human resources, but the second zakat board's initiative namely the incentive scheme, was deemed more effective. This study highlights the benefits of using technology, the diversity of strategies, the importance of individual qualifications of agents, and effective initiatives in the face of challenges in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of zakat collection through agents