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Transformasi pentadbiran dasar pekerja asing di Malaysia dari tahun 1981 sehingga 2018
Get PDFSetiap negara mempunyai dasar dan undang-undang yang tersendiri dalam mentadbir urus imigran, terutamanya penggajian pekerja asing. Di Malaysia, pelaksanaan dasar penggajian pekerja asing pada awalnya bersifat jangka pendek bertujuan bagi memenuhi keperluan dan permintaan semasa industri. Walau bagaimanapun, dasar ini masih terus dilaksanakan sehingga ke hari ini disebabkan oleh beberapa factor yang mempengaruhinya. Oleh demikian, penyelidikan ini dijalankan bertujuan bagi menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi pentadbiran dasar pekerja asing dari tahun 1981 sehingga 2018. Selain itu, penyelidikan ini dilakukan bagi mengenal pasti transformasi pentadbiran dasar pekerja asing melibatkan tiga era pentadbiran, iaitu Mahathir Mohamad, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi dan Najib Razak. Akhir sekali, penyelidikan ini mencadangkan beberapa pendekatan bagi menyelesaikan isu yang wujud dalam pentadbiran dasar pekerja asing. Bagi mencapai tiga objektif kajian berkenaan, penyelidik menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbentuk temu bual secara mendalam melibatkan seramai 17 orang informan. Hasil dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat tiga faktor yang mempengaruhi pentadbiran dasar pekerja asing di Malaysia. Faktor pertama ialah faktor individu yang terdiri daripada golongan elit dan birokrat yang mempunyai pengaruh dalam pentadbiran dasar manakala kumpulan berkepentingan hanya berpengaruh secara sektoral sahaja. Faktor kedua ialah faktor yang wujud dalam negara merangkumi amalan system demokrasi, fenomena semasa; dan percanggahan dasar yang berlaku dalam kementerian telah mempengaruhi pentadbiran dasar pekerja asing sepanjang tahun 1981 sehingga 2018. Faktor ketiga ialah faktor sistem antarabangsa, iaitu hubungan diplomatik yang erat antara negara pengimport dan pengeksport; krisis kewangan dunia; dan kewujudan rangkaian sosial telah mempengaruhi pentadbiran dasar negara. Kesimpulannya, ketiga-tiga faktor berkenaan bukan sahaja mempengaruhi pentadbiran dasar pekerja asing di Malaysia malah faktor tersebut mewujudkan jurang dasar yang menjadi punca kegagalan pelaksanaan dasar
Enhanced predictive credit scoring model for customer's default detection based on new international financial reporting standard (IFRS9)
No full textIn July 2014, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) delivered a new directive on how to recognize and measure financial instruments as a continuous effort to increase financial stability across the globe. The new International Financial Reporting Standard or IFRS9 which includes requirements for recognition and
measurement, impairment and general hedge accounting will supersede the older version of FRS139 in phases and mandatorily implemented at the periods beginning of 1st January 2018. However, the implementation of IFRS9 depends on the strategy
imposed by the respective bank to secure their business goal. Motivated by this standard, this study constructs a mathematical credit scoring model that aligns and adheres with this new impairment standard outlined by IASB by incorporating a
forward-looking expected credit loss from the initial origination date of financing. This proposed model simplifies and strengthens risk measurement and the reporting of financial instruments by considering the time value of money and cost amortization as required under IFRS9 guidelines. Then, the model computes the
probability of default based on credit risk of individual evaluation attributes and anticipates future credit risk deterioration with the use of available historical, current and forecasted macroeconomic variables. Empirical evidence recorded from the analysis performed on six years financial data shows promising results in respect to
low error rate in distinguishing between default and non-default creditors. In addition, statistical analyses conducted for model adequacy check, model goodness-of-fit test and model validation indicate that the model is adequate. The model is much reliable than the traditional risk profile model and is able to assist the financial institutions in identifying group of future creditors accurately
Masalah dan cabaran pembangunan Angkatan Tentera Malaysia (ATM) pasca perang dingin (1991-2019)
No full textThe Cold War has influenced the security discourse, with discussions more focused on traditional security threats, while the post-Cold War has seen security threats increasingly involve non-traditional threats. The development of the Malaysian Armed
Forces (MAF) has started since 1957, and in 1979, the government introduced the Special Development of the Armed Forces (PERISTA) which has led to further development and modernization of the MAF. In the post-Cold War, the MAF’s efforts have been made to develop and modernize the defence sector more drastically. The rapid modernization of the MAF can be clearly seen through the government's actions that focus on development initiatives in the aspects of National Defence Policy (NDP), Strategy, Logistics, Budget, Defence Industry, and External Relations. However, despite the rapid and successful development of the MAF, there are still various issues that raise further questions about the problems faced in the development of the MAF. Thus, this research was conducted to examine the problems faced by the MAF in the implementation of the military development of the MAF in the Post-Cold War. This study also identifies weaknesses and challenges, analyses the problem of the MAF development and the impact on national security, and proposes actions to improve the
MAF development initiatives to ensure national security. This research uses qualitative methods in conducting research that involves the analysis of data from primary sources obtained from interviews, official government reports, as well as information obtained from fieldwork. This research found that there were weaknesses in the development of the MAF that did not meet the specifications of the RMA leading to weaknesses of the MAF modernization efforts. The research also found that there were weaknesses in the NDP, weaknesses in the MAF defence strategies, and problems in purchasing assets, and the MAF logistical development that could not manifest the RMA in terms of
strengthening deterrence capacity, lack of budget allocation, and limited defence spending, weaknesses, and challenges of defence industry development, as well as the importance of approaches in shaping the MAF external relations. This research found that the development efforts that have been designed and implemented by the MAF are not in line with RMA. This study has concluded that there are several problems and challenges in the post-Cold War initiatives to develop the MAF. Therefore, this study suggests continuous strengthening on key components in the MAF development. These efforts can directly increase the development and modernization capacity of the MAF, which will ultimately lead to a better and more robust level of RMA capabilit
The influence of service marketing mix on customer loyalty towards telecommunication service provider in Malaysia
No full textThis study aims to determine the relationship between the service marketing mix and customer loyalty towards Malaysian telecommunications service providers. In this study, the service marketing mix's dimensions are represented by product, price, place,
promotion, people, process, and physical evidence. Respondents of this study are UUM students who are undergraduate and postgraduate. A total of 395 questionnaire outcomes has been analyzed by using SPSS software version 26. Descriptive analysis,
reliability analysis, Person's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis have been used to answer the research question and achieve the research objective in this study. This study shows that to achieve customer loyalty, the dimension of the service
marketing mix, product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence, caused an effect against that relationship. The study found a significant positive relationship between the dimensions of service marketing mix toward customer loyalty through the correlation test. Meanwhile, according to the multiple regression test, the result shows that the product, price, place, and physical evidence
dimension became the significant factors influencing customer loyalty. Therefore, the telecommunications service providers should strengthen their service marketing mix through these elements. Through multiple regression tests also were resulted in the promotion, people, and process dimensions do not have a significant relationship towards customer loyalty. This shows that the telecommunications service providers could cut costs by not emphasize their service marketing mix by promotion, people,
and process dimension because these dimensions were not suitable for a telecommunications service provider. However, the telecommunications service providers would innovatively be using the dimensions for influencing customer loyalty. Telecommunications service providers can use this study to improve their service marketing mix to influence customer loyalty in the future
Employee engagement and supportive work environment in the relationship between HRM practices, work-life balance and doctors’ retention
Get PDFEmployee retention continues to gain considerable attention among organizational psychologists and human resource management (HRM) experts. Globally, organizations are facing the issue of employee retention whereby a dearth of research exists on how it could be addressed, particularly in the services sector, with a special focus on the healthcare sector. Using the social exchange theory (SET), this study developed a theoretical framework based on the employee-organization relationship, which suggests that interactions between two parties must involve reciprocal interdependence. This study, therefore, investigated how HRM practices (such as recruitment and selection, compensation, training and development, and career advancement opportunities) and work-life balance influence employee engagement and doctors’ retention relationships. This study also investigated how employee engagement influences doctors’ retention. This study empirically tested the mediating influence of employee engagement on HRM practices, work-life balance, and doctors’ retention relationships and the moderating influence of a supportive work environment on employee engagement and doctors’ retention relationship. The data were collected through a survey of 385 public healthcare sector doctors working in Punjab, Pakistan. SPSS 23.0 and Smart-PLS 3.0 were used to analyze the data. The PLS path modeling results revealed significant direct relationships between compensation, work-life balance, and doctors’ retention. Additionally, the PLS path modeling results also demonstrated significant direct relationships between HRM practices, work-life balance, and employee engagement and a significant direct relationship between employee engagement and doctors’ retention. Moreover, the PLS path modelling results also revealed significant mediation of employee engagement between recruitment and selection, compensation, training and development, work-life balance, and doctors’ retention relationships, and moderation of a supportive work environment between employee engagement and doctors’ retention relationship. Based on the findings, the study proposed theoretical and practical implications, as well as limitations and future research directions
The role of innovativeness in the relationships between ethical sensitivity, knowledge sharing intensity, access to ICT and access to finance and sustainable performance of SME's
Get PDFSmall and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a dynamic role in the sustainable development of any nation. They are the core of an economic system as they provide employment and contribute to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. The sustainable performance SMEs as a strategy of national sustainable development is therefore of utmost importance. This study examines the sustainable performance of SMEs based on Triple Bottom Line (TBL) approach and the factors affecting SMEs
sustainable performance as derived from Resource Base View (RBV) theory and the Dynamic Capabilities theory. More specifically, this study investigates the relationships between ethical sensitivity, knowledge sharing intensity, access to ICT, access to finance, sustainable performance in Nigeria. The moderating role of
innovativeness on these relationships to sustainable performance was also examined. Data was analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLSSEM). The study found that there are significant positive relationships between ethical sensitivity, knowledge sharing intensity, access to finance and sustainable performance of SMEs. In addition, it was also found that innovativeness positively moderates the relationship between access to ICT and sustainable performance as well as the relationship between access to finance and sustainable performance of SMEs. However, access to ICT has no significant effect on the sustainable performance of SMEs. The research recommends that SMEs should focus on securing access to
finance, increasing knowledge sharing intensity, ethical sensitivity and access to ICT as well as developing innovativeness to achieve sustainable performance. This research contributes to SME literature by integrating the theories on Triple Bottom Line (TBL), Resource Base View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities to sustain their performance. This study benefits various stakeholders by highlighting the effects of ethical sensitivity, knowledge sharing intensity, access to ICT, access to finance and innovativeness on the sustainable performance of SMEs
Hubungan antara ciri penilaian prestasi dengan keberkesanan penilaian prestasi: Peranan keadilan penilaian sebagai perantara dan kepimpinan autentik sebagai penyederhana
Get PDFThis study aims to investigate the relationship between the performance appraisal characteristics and performance appraisal effectiveness with appraisal fairness as the mediating variables. The study also examine the role of authentic leadership as a moderating variable in the relationship between appraisal fairness and performance appraisal effectiveness. The performance appraisal characteristics which are the independent variables include appraisal purpose, appraisal feedback, clarity of criteria, employee participation and interpersonal relationships. While the dependent variable is the construct of performance appraisal effectiveness formed from the dimension of appraisal satisfaction and the dimension of motivation to improve performance. A total of seventeen hypotheses were formed based on the study framework. The study was based on a survey design and cross sectional. The study population include ordinary secondary school teachers working under the MOE throughout Malaysia. The respondents were determined using simple random techniques and a total of 500 questionnaires were distributed. 292 respondents provided feedback but only 284 (56.8%) were suitable for analysis. Descriptive analysis was performed using SPSS version 23 while Smart-PLS version 3.2.9 was used to test the hypotheses. In total twelve hypotheses were accepted while five hypotheses were rejected. The variables of appraisal purpose, appraisal feedback and clarity of criteria as well as appraisal fairness directly influence the performance appraisal effectiveness. All performance appraisal characteristics except for appraisal purpose showed a positive and significant relationship with appraisal fairness. The findings also indicate that all performance appraisal characteristics except for appraisal purpose influence the performance appraisal effectiveness indirectly through appraisal fairness as mediating variable. The analysis also show that authentic leadership does not play a role as a moderating variable. The findings of this study contribute to the empirical evidence on the role of performance appraisal characteristics as well as the role of appraisal fairness in influencing the effectiveness of performance appraisal. This enables the management, especially the Human Resource Management Division to plan and make improvements in the management of performance appraisal to be more effective in achieving organizational targets in the future
The effects of internal branding and brand commitment on employee brand performance: an empirical evidence from Pakistan’s public sector banks
Get PDFMany public sector firms have embraced branding to promote the firm's desired image. However, the application of internal branding in public sector enterprises is relatively a newer topic for researchers and practitioners. While public sector branding has grown in prominence, employee branding has garnered less attention. The study examines the impact of internal branding practices on employee brand performance and brand commitment's mediating role in this relationship. The effect of internal branding on employee brand performance is explored theoretically and tested empirically in the Pakistani banking sector. Social Exchange Theory served as the study's foundation. The research paradigm is positivism, so a quantitative approach is used in which questionnaires were distributed to managerial and non-managerial staff. Multi-stage sampling was employed, whereby purposive and stratified random sampling with equal distribution were used. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and 426 responses were found to be valid. Statistical analyses were performed using the SmartPLS 3.2.9 version. The results show that brand knowledge and internal brand communication & training affect employee brand performance positively and significantly. However, brand performance is not influenced by brand identification and brand trust. Besides, brand commitment mediated all the relationships. As this research's sample is limited to public banks, the study should be replicated in other types of banks and countries to ensure the generalizability of the identified relationships. By conducting an empirical analysis of the effects of internal branding from employees' perspectives, these findings contribute to earlier research. Furthermore, the study advances the internal branding and employee brand performance research streams, which have previously been under-explored in the banking context. Managers, particularly those in the service industry, should ensure that adequate brand management processes are in place to support staff brand performance. The study concludes with a discussion, implications, limitations, and future research directions
The moderating effect of managerial competence on information and communication technology, access to finance, innovation and agricultural performance
Get PDFAgricultural performance is defined as the production of agricultural goods in sufficient quantity to guarantee food security. The agricultural industry has been in a state of crisis owing to a lack of modern farming systems, which has resulted in food scarcity. The study' s primary aim is to investigate the moderating effect of Managerial Competence (MC) on the relationship between Agricultural Performance (AP) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Access to Finance (AF), and Innovation (IN). Nigeria's agricultural performance has deteriorated considerably since independence. The study framework was created in accordance with two theories: the Resource-Based View (RBV) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This study used a quantitative method. The data were gathered using a cross sectional survey technique from registered small and micro farmers operating in Niger state, Nigeria. The sample was chosen using the probabilistic sampling method. We issued 400 surveys and received 375 responses, of which 301 were usable. Both descriptive and inferential analyses used in the study. The findings established a strong and direct connection between AF and IN and AP. Meanwhile, ICT was deemed insignificant. MC also acts as a moderator in the connection between AF and AP, as well as IN and AP. However, it was shown that MC had no effect on the connection between ICT and AP. The findings indicated that AF and IN had a substantial effect on AP. The findings offer critical information for small and micro farmers, the agriculture ministry, policymakers, and academics seeking to improve agricultural performance in Nigeria. Finally, the study's merits, limitations, and recommendations for future research were addressed
Assessment of dust exposure for particulate matter (PM10) and respiratory effects on port police personnel at Port Klang, Selangor
No full textPoor air quality at Klang Valley have resulted in respiratory effects and poor lung function for workers. A study was conducted at port operation located in Port Klang, Selangor to assess the level of particulate matter (PM10) exposed to port police personnel using an air quality device (EVM-7) at three sampling location. Besides that,
the study also identified sociodemographic information and prevalence of respiratory symptoms from ATS-DLD-78A questionnaire distributed to 190 personnel and lung function testing using digital spirometer for subsampled population of 36 personnel.
Association of respiratory symptoms with other contributing factors at workplace were also tested using Chi Square test. Result of PM10 concentration was recorded and the maximum concentration recorded was 11.189 mg/m3, followed by 7.489 mg/m3 and
6.968 mg/m3; which were below than eight-hour TWA concentration reading under USECHH Regulations 2000 at 10 mg/m3. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms recorded from questionnaire were wheezing (26.3%), breathlessness (20%), phlegm (19.5%), cough (17.4%), chest cold and illness (6.8%), self-reported asthma (3.7%)
and cough and phlegm (2.1%). Lung function tested resulting in 16.7% normal lung pattern and 30% with abnormalities. There was also no association between respiratory symptoms and lung pattern with other contributing factors which are working environment, smoking status, work duration and work experience (p<0.05).
Eventhough the level of PM10 exposure is at safe level, the risk of developing respiratory illness is still high based on the prevalence and poor lung function. Awareness on air quality related issue for long term prevention programme is needed to reduce impact to respiratory health