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Entrepreneurial intention among final year female tourism undergraduate students in Egypt: the moderating role of entrepreneurship education
Get PDFUntil now, women participation in entrepreneurial activity remains lower than expected all over the world. The severe lack of job opportunities faced by college graduates and the deteriorating unemployment situation is now a big problem in Egypt. Women involvement in entrepreneurial activities, especially those related to tourism businesses may reduce the level of unemployment and help develop the local economy. Thus, it is important to investigate the entrepreneurial factors that attract female university students to venture into businesses. In line with the above, the main objective of this study is to empirically examine the moderating effect of entrepreneurial education on the relationship between personal attitude towards entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, risk-taking propensity, family support, peer support and financial support with the entrepreneurial intention among final year female tourism undergraduate students in Egypt. In addition, the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was chosen as the theoretical foundation of this study. The sample consists of 543 final year female tourism undergraduate students from eight public universities in Egypt, whereby the data were analyzed using partial least squares regression analysis technique (SmartPLS version 3.2.8 software). The findings of this research revealed that nine out of twelve hypotheses tested in the study were supported. Specifically, five factors namely Personal Attitude toward Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, Risk-Taking Propensity, Family Support, Peer Support influence entrepreneurial intention, and four moderating effects were supported which is between PATE-EI; ESE-EI; RTP-EI and PS-EI. The outcome of this study has important implication towards the practice and also literature on women entrepreneurship, whereby it suggests that institutions of higher education should focus on transforming the students‘ attitude through formal entrepreneurship education programs and courses, in order to encourage more interest in entrepreneurial activity among female university students
Psychosocial resilience of unmarried pregnant adolescents: a study at shelter home in Perlis
Get PDFUnmarried pregnant adolescent (UPA) is a worldwide phenomenon. This issue is a concern to Malaysian and its impact the lives of the adolescents involved. However, a comprehensive study on the psychosocial resilience of UPAs is still limited. Thus, this study was conducted to understand the psychosocial resilience experienced by UPAs during pregnancy and after childbirth while staying at the women’s shelter in exploring; (i) the capabilities of UPAs in overcoming their psychosocial difficulties, and (ii) the attitudes of UPAs towards the psychosocial difficulties. This study used a case study approach conducted at the Pertubuhan Kebajikan dan Amal Rumah Teduh Perlis. The participants consisted of four UPAs aged between 14 to 18 years, selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered from two phases of semistructured interviews, field notes, and participants’ personal files. Thematic analysis was used to analyse all the collected data. Four themes were identified: (i) ongoing support from parents, (ii) support from other family members and a close friend, (iii) good relationships with a caretaker and other residents, and (iv) a determination to be a better person. The experience of unmarried pregnancy has left a psychosocial effect on the participants. It showed that ongoing strong social support helps participants maintain their psychosocial resilience throughout pregnancy and after childbirth. Besides, it also helps the participants to change their attitudes and not to repeat their past mistakes. Each of them shows a different turning point and experienced positive emotions. The results of this study contribute to the knowledge of development of psychosocial resilience among UPAs. The findings can also be used as guidelines for government agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in providing and managing helping services to overcome the issues of UPAs’ psychosocial resilience and welfare
Pengaruh kompetensi moral dan kelaziman sosial sebagai moderator ke atas hubungan di antara kecenderungan kerohanian Islam dengan atmosfera moral terhadap kecenderungan tingkah laku Delinkuen dalam kalangan murid sekolah menengah
Get PDFThe phenomenon of deterioration in student behavior is very worrying today. This can be seen when a variety of behavior problems are encountered by school students. Therefore, this study focused on identifying the influence of Islamic spirituality tendencies and the school's moral atmosphere on the level of delinquency tendencies of students' experiences. In addition, this study also identified the moderating effects of moral competence and social norms on the influence of delinquent behavior tendencies. This quantitative study used the survey method. The findings of this study were compiled using questionnaires in which the tendency of Islamic spirituality was measured using the Kecenderungan Kerohanian Islam questionnaire (IDSQ) of Mohd Zailani (2009), the School Moral Atmosphere Questionnaire (SMAQ) developed by Daniel Brugman (1999), and the questionnaire of Ujian Sikap Dan Standard Pegangan Terhadap Kelaziman Sosial (USPSK) by Aswati Hamzah (2007). Moral competence was measured using the Moral Judgment Test (MJT) developed by George Lind (2000), and delinquency behavior tendencies using the 'Delinquency Scale' questionnaire developed by Carl Junger (1997). The proportionate stratified random sampling method was used in selecting the study sample. About 400 students were randomly selected from 11 districts in the state of Johor. Prior to selecting the students, the researcher also randomly selected the secondary day schools by district. A total of 30 schools were selected using the systematic sampling method. Data were analyzed using the t-test, Pearson correlation and regression analysis. The result of the correlation analysis showed that Islamic spirituality tendencies was positively associated with school moral atmosphere; while it was negatively associated with delinquent behavior. The school's moral atmosphere was negatively associated with delinquent behavior tendencies and social norms were negatively associated with delinquent behavior tendencies. Islamic spirituality tendencies influenced delinquent behavior. In addition, there was a significant influence on the school's moral atmosphere and social norms. Social norms exist as moderators in influencing Islamic spirituality tendencies concerning delinquent behavior. The findings of this study show that Islamic spiritual tendencies and social norms have an impact on students' delinquent behavioral tendencies. The implications of this study show that aspects of positive behavior among students can be enhanced by developing their spirituality. In addition, social attitudes that exist in society also affect the formation of student behavior. Changing negative things in society can make a big difference in students’ lives
An integrated model of enhanced analytic hierarchy process and system dynamics to evaluate anti-smoking strategies
Get PDFTobacco use has become a controversial topic in recent years. It all begins with a tremendous increase in the number of premature mortalities worldwide. In response, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has enacted a treaty, namely the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). This treaty represents a set of strategies for controlling tobacco use and reducing smoking prevalence which covers (i) packaging and labelling, (ii) pricing and taxation, (iii) tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship, (iv) smoke-free legislation, and (v) education, communication, and public awareness. Through these strategies, Malaysia set a target to achieve tobacco endgame by 2045, with a smoking prevalence of less than 0.05. Despite various antismoking strategies that have been implemented, smoking is still deemed the leading cause of preventable death. Focusing on this issue, previous studies have been utilising various modelling approach. However, these stand-alone methods have some shortcomings and can be improved by the integration approaches. Hence, this research aims to develop an integrated model that utilises the Enhanced Analytic Hierarchy
Process (EAHP) and System Dynamics (SD) techniques in evaluating the impact of anti-smoking strategy towards reducing smoking prevalence. In this study, the synergy between prioritisation and simulation is highlighted, and the integrated model is known as the EAHPSD model. Identifying the driving forces of the smoking habit and evaluating the dominant effect of the anti-smoking strategy in reducing smoking prevalence is a crucial step to see Malaysia’s level of progress in the global battle against the world’s most important preventable health risk. As a result, the integrated EAHPSD model provides a beneficial guide to the authorities by suggesting that the education, communication, and public awareness activities are best to be implemented by focusing on the psychosocial aspects within society. Consequently, the suitable strategy of tobacco control activities for reducing smoking prevalence in Malaysia was identified
The effects of the enhanced social and emotional learning intervention on knowledge, learning anxiety and dropout intention
Get PDFIn view of the widespread prevalence of adolescent psychological health problems and its adverse impact on student academic functioning, social emotional learning (SEL) intervention has become an important pedagogical approach. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of two kinds of SEL interventions administered by two different types of teachers to determine their effectiveness on the gain in SEL knowledge, learning anxiety and intention to drop out of school. This study adopted a 2 × 2 quasi-factorial design,in which the intervention type and the teacher type were manipulated to produce four different versions of the experiment. A total of 209 Grade 8 students (107 boys and 102 girls) with a mean age of 14.3 years from Qinzhou,
Southwest China, participated in the study. The MANOVA data analysis found significant main effect of teacher type, intervention type and interaction of teacher type and intervention type on the combination of SEL knowledge, learning anxiety and dropout intention. We also conducted follow-up ANOVA to identify the interaction on each dependent variable. For SEL knowledge, psychology teacher with teacher autonomy supportive social and emotional learning intervention group was the best intervention group(PT+TASSEL) to improve students’ SEL knowledge. For learning anxiety, psychology teacher with social and emotional learning intervention group was the best intervention group (PT+SEL) to reduce learning anxiety, but teacher autonomy
support did not help to reduce learning anxiety, as autonomy gave Chinese students more psychological burden in the collectivism culture. For dropout intention, psychology teacher with teacher autonomy supportive social and emotional learning intervention group was the best intervention group(PT+TASSEL) to reduce dropout intention. The current study developed TASSEL intervention for future researches in China and gave suggestions on how to combine teacher type and intervention type to improve SEL knowledge, reduce learning anxiety and dropout intention
Persepsi masyarakat terhadap integriti anggota polis di jajahan Pasir Mas, Kelantan
No full textPersepsi masyarakat berkaitan integriti anggota polis di Jajahan Pasir Mas, Kelantan masih memerlukan kajian secara ilmiah kerana gagal dijelaskan melalui kajian lepas. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan hubungan persepsi masyarakat dengan integriti anggota polis di Jajahan Pasir Mas, Kelantan. Selain itu, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pola persepsi masyarakat berkenaan integriti anggota polis di Jajahan Pasir Mas, Kelantan dan untuk menjelaskan perbezaan persepsi masyarakat tentang integriti anggota polis di Jajahan Pasir Mas, Kelantan. Kaji selidik adalah melibatkan seramai 384 orang responden dalam kalangan masyarakat yang berada di Jajahan Pasir Mas. Dapatan utama kajian adalah secara keseluruhan aspek persepsi masyarakat terhadap integriti anggota polis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan pada aras p=0.05 dengan nilai r=0.112. Ini bermaksud bahawa semakin baik aspek persepsi responden, maka semakin baik integriti anggota polis daripada kacamata masyarakat. Di samping itu, kajian mendapati bahawa pola persepsi masyarakat terhadap integriti anggota polis adalah pada tahap sederhana tinggi iaitu dengan nilai min mencecah 2.55 atau berada dalam kumpulan min 2.34 hingga 3.66. Malah, dalam konteks perbezaan latar belakang masyarakat dalam hal persepsi mereka tentang integriti anggota polis hamper kesemuanya tidak menunjukkan perbezaan. Ini bermaksud bahawa masyarakat yang berbeza latar belakang diri tidak berbeza dalam persepsi mereka tentang integrity anggota polis, kecuali dari aspek jantina. Oleh kerana itu, kajian mencadangkan agar penambahbaikan kepada sistem pengurusan kepolisan sedia ada perlu dilakukan seperti dalam konteks penyeliaan dan kaunseling jabatan, serta memperkemas kaedah pengurusan aduan masyarakat. Selain itu, dalam konteks masyarakat pula pihak Polis Diraja Malaysia perlu memberikan ilmu kepolisan untuk masyarakat, membentuk pemikiran anggota masyarakat terhadap anggota polis, memastikan perasaan masyarakat sentiasa baik terhadap anggota polis, memastikan pandangan masyarakat tentang anggota polis adalah baik, serta akhirnya memberi panduan yang betul untuk masyarakat bertindak kepada anggota polis sekiranya mereka menyalahi integriti
Modifying maximum likelihood test for solving singularity and outlier problems in high dimensional cases
No full textThe maximum likelihood (ML) test in the structural covariance analysis is an effective tool in statistical analysis of multivariate test. However, the performance of the classical location and scatter estimators is usually flawed by singularity and outliers’ problems in
high dimensional data sets. The study aimed to modify the existing ML test by incorporating the Cholesky banded regularization methods and thresholding sample covariance matrix to resolve singularity problems and incorporating the L₁-median with Weiszfeld’s algorithm (MLw) covariance matrix to solve outliers’ problem in high dimensional data sets. This study suggested to replace the classical estimators with MLw estimator due to its good properties. On the other hand, several shortcomings such as inconsistency under normal distribution, based on small sample size with large variables in high dimensions were discovered. To improve the ML estimators and to maintain the high breakdown point while having high dimensional data sets, a new robust estimator of banded Cholesky and L₁-median with Weiszfeld algorithm, MLѡвсн was suggested. The performance of MLѡвсн
and four more modified ML-tests, namely MLtests with banded Cholesky estimator MLвсн with Thresholding MLтн with Weiszfeld Algorithm MLѡ and with Weiszfeld’s Algorithm Estimator and Thresholding MLѡтн had been examined using Type I error and power of test values in a simulation study. The MLвсн outperformed other modified ML-tests and presents a robust estimator with high breakdown points and affine equivariance with better computational efficiency in resolving the singularity and outlier problems. The validation of this robust modified ML-test was conducted in a real application on the Pakistan microeconomic system and turned out with good performance. The study contributes to improve the performance of the sample covariance matrices in relation to singularity and outlier problem in high dimensional data cases
Bentuk ekspresi emosi kata dan emoji berdasarkan gender dalam media sosial dari perspektif linguistik
No full textThe dynamism of textual content in digital technology has shaped an unpredictable lifestyle of the cyber community. Furthermore, the existence of Facebook as a network platform which easily accessible, user friendly and available for free has become a
field for digital information sharing in public. The unique relationship between languages, emotions and genders in the cyber world has indirectly sparked a new phenomenon that needs to be re-examined by contemporary scholars. The findings from previous critical analysis of the literature demonstrate that studies regarding
emotional expressions had been explored but separately through disciplines such as linguistics or psychology. Although there is a lot of research vis-à-vis emotional expressions of gender, none have focused on the emotional expressions of digital texts in the cyber world. Even if there are available research on emotional expressions, the scope might not directed towards the form of emotional expressions in words and expressions in emojis in the cyber world. Thus, this study aimes to compare the form of emotional expressions of gender for both males and females on Facebook (Fb) and to describe the language phenomenon which highlights the form emotional expressions of the male and female ganders on Fb. The study was grounded on discipline of semantics with the application of Corpus Linguistics and reinforced by the Constructed Emotion Theory (CAT). The research data in the form of digital texts, were collected from selected respondents via Cyber Advertising Method (CAM). The emotional expressions of words were analysed using the AntConc 3.5.2 software and the American Standard Code II (ASCII) was used to analyse the expressions of emojis. A total amount of 5,683,637 tokens, 804,280 types and 948,290 emojis were collected and analysed in the study. Four linguistic phenomena were observed namely the emotional expressions of the words [fear] for males and females; the emotional expressions of the word [anger] for males and females; the emotional expressions representing the emotions of male and female; and the emotional expressions in emojis that accompanies the form of emotional expressions of words for males and females.
To conclude, the research findings were able to scientifically described the linguistic phenomena which highlights the form of emotional expressions of words and emojis based on gender in Fb via a systematic and empirical research method
Model analisis penyampulan data rangkaian bersiri hierarki bagi pengukuran prestasi Universiti Awam di Malaysia
Get PDFMeasuring the performance of public universities is important to ensure efficient and effective utilization of allocated educational resources. Most of the previous studies on the application of Data Envelopment Analysis (APD) have focused more on measuring efficiency rather than effectiveness and ignored universities’ internal
activities and the relation among the activities in a single model. As a result, the studies’ findings might be misleading. Besides, uncontrollable inputs and weight restrictions on shared input variables are not considered particularly in network APD (APDR). Thus, this study developed an alternative approach to measure a university’s performance by using the hierarchical serial APDR model by considering three performance dimensions, which are efficiency, effectiveness and overall performance. The uncontrollable inputs with weight restrictions on shared inputs are also included. There are three network models developed namely hierarchical APDR (APDRH) to measure efficiency, parallel APDR (APDRS) to measure effectiveness and hierarchical serial APDR (APDRSH) to measure the overall performance of the university. Since there are restrictions on weights that make the APDR models cannot preserve their linearity, an alternative approach is proposed to transform the non-linear APDR models into equivalent linear models. These three developed APDR models can analyze the performance of each university’s internal structure in details. The new hierarchical serial APDR (APDRSH) model has been tested to evaluate the three dimensions of performance of 14 schools in Universiti Utara Malaysia. Empirical findings showed that no schools were fully efficient and relatively effective since not all their internal functions were efficient. Furthermore, the application of this new performance measurement model can identify the university's internal activities which require more attention in an effort to improve the performance of the schools. This study has successfully produced a comprehensive performance measurement model of a university. The proposed conceptual model can become a basis for developing performance measurement models of other organizations
Weighted subsethood and reasoning based fuzzy time series for moving holiday electricity load demand forecasting
Get PDFA Moving holiday is a non-fixed holiday according to the Gregorian calendar. Most of the electricity load demand studies showed that this event affects the accuracy of load forecasting. It is due to a limited historical data about moving holiday, and a longer time series is acquired to reveal the pattern. Besides, different characteristics of each moving holiday and existence of a great number of irregularities in the load data also contribute to the forecasting inaccuracy and uncertainty. Fuzzy time series (FTS)
algorithm is able to overcome moving holiday electricity load demand (MH-ELD) forecasting problem, but the FTS algorithm lacks final model interpretation, less interpretability of fuzzy logical relationship strength, and does not provide a complete FTS forecasting process. These will provide less information about the relationship that naturally represents how humans make judgments and decisions, and less guide to conduct complete FTS forecasting process. Therefore, this study modified the conventional FTS algorithm by applying weighted subsethood in the algorithm on
segmented Malaysia electricity load demand time series data. The modified algorithm, Weighted Subsethood Segmented Fuzzy Time Series (WeSuSFTS) consists of four main phases; data pre-processing, model development, model implementation and
model evaluation. The WeSuSFTS algorithm uses the min-max operator for fuzzy reasoning and average rule defuzzification which make the process simpler. Two types of WeSuSFTS: One-factor and M-factor were also executed. The results show that the
WeSuSFTS models have higher accuracy compared to the conventional FTS models, particularly the One-factor model gives the most outstanding forecasting results with the smallest mean absolute percentage error. Hence, the WeSuSFTS models succeed
to improve the MH-ELD forecasting accuracy