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Comparative analysis of financial risks towards financial stability of Islamic and conventional banks in GCC countries
No full textDependency of GCC countries on oil sector revenues exposes them to financial risks. This study aims to examine the banks’ financial stability and its determinants from financial risks perspective, to highlight the resilience of Islamic and conventional banks in the wake of economic vulnerabilities. Financial risks affect the banking systems through deterioration of liquidity and asset quality as GCC financial systems are more reliant on banks than the non-banking institutions. This study shows the relationship between financial stability of the banks (measured by Z-Score Index and risk adjusted returns on assets and equity), and the financial risks as independent variables (namely: macroeconomic, industry-specific, and bank-specific variables). The method employed is panel cointegration analysis (Pedroni’s Method) and panel FM-OLS, D-OLS and FGLS estimation covering 2000 to 2017. The study also compares the financial stability and resilience, liquidity, capital, and efficiency between Islamic and conventional banks for the periods before, during and post financial crisis. The findings affirmed that there are differences, in the forms of impact, direction and significance of financial risks and banks’ financial stability, between Islamic and conventional banks, in terms of stability, inflation, crisis period impact, political instability, competition, financial sector development, credit risk, liquidity, capital and diversification. It shows the nature of banks matters to realize more financial stability and soundness against the effects of financial risks exposure. The findings also shed some light on whether similar policy ramifications can be implemented to mitigate risks in order to maintain the soundness and resilience of both Islamic and conventional banks. Thus, Central Banks and regulatory authorities should implement their policies accordingly, to avoid instability and future financial crises. Once the banking system is more resilient, economy of GCC countries will be less vulnerable to systemic risks of future financial crises and thus the economic development will be more sustainable
Determinants of personal bankruptcy, discharge and the role of Islamic social capital: Malaysia and Singapore case
Get PDFIndividuals adjudged bankrupts are financially incapacitated and restrained by the legal system to employment, entrepreneurship opportunities and formal banking credit facilities. A major concern is the increasing number of personal bankruptcy and undischarged bankrupts, mainly due to high household debts. However, past studies mostly focus on a legal approach to tackle this issue. Hence, the main objective of this study is to examine the influence of macroeconomic variables on bankruptcy and discharge in Malaysia and Singapore, which represent developed and developing economies. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Consumer Price Index (CPI), Interest Rate (IR), Household debt (HD) and Unemployment (UE) were tested on bankruptcy (Model B) and discharge (Model D). Another objective is to assess the effect of integrating an Islamic social capital variable called social-relief-fund (SRF) in the discharge model (Model DIs). This fresh approach is based on the concept of Al-nahd and Ta’awun. The analysis used ARDL and Variance Decomposition on annual time series data over a 20- year (2000-2019) period covering long-run and short-run relationships. The significant factors for Bankruptcy for long-run are IR and HD; CPI and HD for Malaysia and Singapore, respectively. For DIs, SRF is only significant in Malaysia. For short run, CPI
is highly significant for Model B, Model D and Model DIs. SRF is highly significant in increasing discharge in the long run. However, it shows a positive effect for Malaysia and negative influence for Singapore. The findings of this study provide new empirical contributions to bankruptcy and discharge literature. Important research implications are two- folds; i) Policy implication, that is, Islamic social finance can be a good social safety net to the financially distressed Muslim and non-Muslim individuals and ii) Practical implication where the debt repayment scheme should be inflation rate-adjusted to account for changes in the macroeconomic environmen
Polis Diraja Malaysia dan pendekatan keselamatan komuniti luar bandar: satu kajian kes di Padang Besar, Perlis
Get PDFRural communities are a group of people living in a society that has a close understanding and is constantly connected with one another. The geography of Perlis which is located at the Thai border has made its community stunned by criminal activities and behaviour. The main objective of this study is to look at crime prevention methods by PDRM in rural communities in Padang Besar, Perlis. There are three main objectives outlined in this study which are: (i) Identifying crime prevention and control tasks carried out by PDRM in Padang Besar, Perlis; (ii) Analyze the process of cooperation cooperation process of PDRM and the public and crime prevention and control in the community in Padang Besar; (iii) Identify the effectiveness of crime prevention and control by PDRM to achieve sustainable development in the community in Padang Besar.. Qualitative approach is used in conducting this study. The data was obtained through interview methods with respondents who are members of PDRM and the public in Padang Besar. The findings show that there is no special and specific SOP that PDRM teams should follow in carrying out crime prevention and control tasks for rural communities. In order to fulfil crime prevention and control tasks, the PDRM team at Pa-dang Besar always conducts patrols in the community especially at the Malaysia-Thailand border. The study also found that the relationship between PDRM and the community in Padang Besar is good where the level of willingness of the public to cooperate with the authorities when needed is high. The study also recommended several recommendations that could be considered for the prevention and control of publicncommunity safety
Influence of total quality management and organizational excellence factors on the organizational performance of Dubai police: Moderating role of management support
Get PDFThe aim of this research is the present study tests for the significant relationship from total quality management such as (strategic planning, management leadership, Human Resource Management, service design, continuous improvement, information and analysis, benchmarking), and organizational excellence (innovation, customer focus, personal commitment) to organizational performance (financial performance, internal process, customer, learning and growth) in Dubai police performance. The management support is tested as a moderating impact. The population for this study was comprised of police officers from different police stations and departments in the Emirate of Dubai. Thus, the study sample was 388 police officers. The result of this study indicate that direct relationships for the seven predictors of total quality management practices are significant; the precedence for the relations based on the path coefficient value is benchmarking (0.727), information and analysis (0.692), continuous improvement (0.689), HRM (0.557), management leadership (0.458), strategic planning (0.293), and service design (0.255).The moderating relationship of management support has no significant change in the path coefficient, and the moderating effect is not significant. In addition, the direct relationships for the predictors of organizational excellence factors are significant; the precedence for the relations based on the path coefficient value is personal commitment (0.750), innovation (0.683), and customer focus (0.631). The moderating relationship of management support has no significant change in the path coefficient, and the moderating effect is not significan
Relationship between destination brand image and destination brand loyalty of Gilgitbaltistan, Pakistan: a moderated mediation model
No full textThe main purpose of this research is to examine the causal association between the brand image and brand loyalty of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), Pakistan as an international travel destination. This study suggests that destination brand image and destination brand loyalty are multidimensional constructs, each having two dimensions. The dimensions of the destination brand image are Destination Brand Association (DBA) and Destination Brand Personality (DBP). Meanwhile, the two dimensions of destination brand loyalty are Destination Behavioral Loyalty (DBL) and Destination Attitudinal Loyalty (DAL). A quantitative method with a deductive approach was used. The data was collected using an e-mail survey targeting international tourists who have been to GB, Pakistan at least once. The survey instrument was developed using Google form. Around 300 questionnaires were delivered to international tourists, 159 of which were retained and valid for evaluation. A series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to evaluate the dimensions, validity and composite reliability of the research constructs. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to evaluate the hypotheses of the research model. Six of the eight hypotheses were confirmed. When the antecedents were added, the research model showed that DBA and DBP are important determinants of DAL, with DAL being a strong antecedent of DBL. The relationships between the two dimensions of destination brand image and DBL were also significantly mediated by DAL. Destination perceived value (DPV), destination perceived quality (DPQ), and destination perceived safety and security (DPSS) were also examined as moderating variables on path ‘b’ of the model. The results show that DPV had a significant moderating effect on the indirect causal association between DBA and DBL, while the other two moderators had no significant effects. The results of this research suggest that the proposed dimensions of destination brand loyalty and destination brand image do support the research model. The study results may help destination marketing managers examine the destination brand image and destination brand loyalty more accurately, and develop and apply viable, competitive, and effective strategies for international mountainous travel destinations
Hubungan kandungan program keusahawanan TUBE dan personaliti terhadap kelangsungan perniagaan usahawan belia
Get PDFThe development of a country depends on the level of economy and the stability of government’s administration. With a stable government administration system as well as sound economic development, the government is considered as to be able to govern the country effectively. In an effort to strengthen the country's economy, the
government has undertaken various initiatives to ensure that all groups may benefit from such efforts. One of the important effort to achieve that purpose is through entrepreneurship programs. The field of entrepreneurship has been recognized as a pillar for the development of a country. In this context, the government plays an important role in providing space and opportunities to entrepreneurs through the
entrepreneur development agenda. Undoubtedly, every development agenda requires appropriate allocations to ensure that each development has a positive impact on the target group, especially the Bumiputera youth. This study was conducted to examine the influence of entrepreneurship program content and entrepreneur’s personality on
the survival of businesses run by the youth entrepreneurs. This study focuses on the entrepreneurship program content and entrepreneur’s personality which are considered as important variables that influence the youth entrepreneur’s business survival. This study employed a quantitative research method where survey questionnaires were
distributed to respondents consisting of youth entrepreneurs who are involved in the “Tunas Usahawan Belia (TUBE)” program throughout Peninsular Malaysia. The survey questionnaires were completed by 387 entrepreneurs who participated in this TUBE entrepreneurship program. The results show that the level of effectiveness of the entrepreneurship programs is at a low level. This study also found that there was a significant relationship between entrepreneur’s personality and entrepreneurship program content, with youth entrepreneur’s business survival. Therefore, improvement is an important element that needs to be considered by the relevant parties in an effort to further strengthen the TUBE entrepreneurship program. Improvements need to be observed from two perspectives, namely from the perspective of the entrepreneurs themselves and from the perspective of the organizers, namely the government, which is represented by the Ministry of Entrepreneur Development and Cooperative (MEDAC)
Integrating the use of artificial intelligence in security crisis management and its impact on the continuity of performance at Dubai Airports
Get PDFThe main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of integrating the use of artificial intelligence in security crisis management, and its effect on the continuity of performance at Dubai International Airport. This is done by testing the effect of the application of crisis management, crisis management team, crisis management plan, and policies and procedures as independent variables on the dependent variable which is the continuitv of performance (organizational performance. sustainable performance, competitive advantages). In addition, this study also examines the moderating effect of using- artificial intelligence on the relationship between security crisis management and the continuity of performance. This study used a quantitative research approach where data were collected via survey questionnaires and the data were analysed using various statistical evaluation techniques such as variance and covariance, correlation and regression. The survey questionnaire for this study was developed based on the previous research works and it was modified to suit the context of this study. The population of this study consists of all public servants who are working at Dubai International Airport. The targeted sample size was 384 but the number of valid data set for data analysis was 345 samples. The results of this study indicate that the dependent variable which is performance continuity shows satisfactory predictive power and great predictive importance, where the proposed model explains 72.1% of the variation in the degrees of performance continuity. All four independent variables which are the application of crisis management, crisis management team, crisis management plan, and policies and procedures have a significant relationship with the continuity of performance. In addition, the results also confirmed on the mediating role of the use of artificial intelligence on the relationship between security crisis management and continuity of performance at Dubai International Airport
The determinant factors of financial management behaviour during financial crisis in Klang Valley
Get PDFFinancial behaviour has a significant impact on the well-being of individuals in a home, society, nation, and the globe at large. According to economic literature, every individual will analyse all available information in order to make decisions that maximise utility, profit, and wellbeing. The primary objective of this study is to examine the determinants factors of financial behaviour management of working adults. It is commonly considered that all people have an infinite ability to comprehend information in order to make educated decisions. The working adults in Malaysia were tested for their personal financial management knowledge, attitude, and behaviour. Financial management trends, strengths, and weaknesses were also discovered. Questionnaire were randomly distributed among working adults in Klang Valley, Malaysia in 2022 and 350 sample were chosen. Additionally, this study used a variety of research designs, including regression analysis utilising one-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test, descriptive analysis, and correlation analysis. The results of this study demonstrate that financial attitude and knowledge are major predictors of financial management behaviour among working people in Malaysia, particularly in the Klang Valley area. This paper provides the framework for further investigation and highlights the urgent need for a financial education programme to assist working adults in making wise financial decisions. As for that, this study has been acknowledged and proposed several strategies in this study to improve financial management behaviour
Behavioral biases, information acquisition and decisions of individual investors in Pakistan stock exchange
Get PDFIn terms of returns, equity securities generally outperform other financial assets. However, contemporary research witnessed that individual investors remained less fortunate in getting benefits from stock market owing to their irrational choices as their investment decisions are motivated by behavioral factors. Extant literature confirmed that behavioral factors predict irrational trading behavior of individual investors, however, sufficient understanding is not yet reached to reduce the biased behavior of investors. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of behavioural biases (overconfidence bias, self-attribution, availability bias, anchoring bias) and stress on the decision making of individual investors of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Besides, it was also intended to document the potential of information acquisition in reducing the biased behavior of individual investors. Using cluster sampling technique, questionnaire based quantitative data was collected from individual investors trading in PSX. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied on 390 useable questionnaires for data analysis. Result showed that overconfidence bias, availability bias, anchoring bias and stress are significantly associated with irrational investment decisions of individual investors. Furthermore, results revealed that self-attribution is not significant predictor of irrational decisions of investors. The result also revealed that moderating effect of information acquisition on the relationship of self-attribution and availability bias with investor decisions is not statistically significant. However, the information acquisition significantly moderates the relationship of overconfidence bias, anchoring bias and stress with individual investor decisions. Therefore, it can be asserted that acquisition of investment related information is essential for rational investment choices and earning superior returns from stock market. Furthermore, this study is beneficial for policymakers, as individual investors' financial well-being is critical to a country's long-term economic success
Modelling SMEs failure in the hospitality industry of Malaysia
Get PDFThe contribution of Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the hospitality industry is essential as businesses in this industry are dominated by SME operators. However, the failure rate among SMEs is relatively high, and the situation worsens when COVID-19 adversely affects SMEs. Therefore, predicting the failure of SMEs in the hospitality industry can have a significant impact on the economy as an effective early warning signal. This study developed four models, namely multiple discriminant analysis, logistic regression, hazard and artificial neural network by using financial, non-financial, governance and macroeconomic variables to predict the failure of SMEs in the hospitality industry for the periods of one-year, two-year and three-year prior to failure. The sample consists of 350, 444 and 474 SMEs for the respective one-year, two-year and three-year period prior to failure for the period 2000 to 2016, where each sample comprises 50 percent failed and 50 percent non-failed SMEs. The findings of the financial variables show that inefficient, unprofitable, illiquid and highly indebted SMEs are more likely to fail. In terms of non-financial variables, the results indicate that younger SMEs are more prone to failure. For governance variables, number of directors and gender of directors in the boardroom, as well as ownership concentration are found significant. Moreover, lending rate and inflation rate are found to be associated with failure among SMEs. The results show that the artificial neural network model leads to a higher predictive accuracy rate compared to multiple discriminant analysis, logistic regression and hazard models. Financial institutions and creditors could use the models to screen out failing SMEs, while the National SMEs Development Council could use the models to improve its existing policies for the benefit of SMEs in the hospitality industry