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Analisis doktrin akidah ahli sunnah wa al-jamaah dalam kitab perisai bagi sekalian mukallaf atau simpulan iman atas mazhab salaf karya Syeikh ‘Abd Al-Qādir Al-MandilῙ
Get PDFThe Salaf belief has become the main framework for forming the members of the Sunnah wa al-Jamaah school of thought long before the emergence of the Khalaf belief. Sheikh 'Abd. Al-Qadir al-Mandili, through his work Perisai Bagi Sekalian Atau Simpulan Iman Atas Mazhab Salaf, was one of the earliest Malay scholars to introduce the Salaf belief to Malay Muslims in Malaysia, particularly. Based on the perception of some Muslim communities, the Salaf belief is not considered part of the movement of members of Sunnah. When this trend is highlighted even for scholarly purposes, it is considered awkward and even results in the phenomenon of apostasy among Muslims. Thus, through this study, one of the comprehensive questions to be studied is what the position of the Salaf belief in the framework of the belief of Sunnah wa al-Jamaah members is, and to what extent the manhaj talaqqi and the al-Mandili belief in the Perisai book are parallel to the manhaj of the Salaf al-Soleh belief. The study's main objective is to identify the Salaf belief in the framework of the members of Sunnah belief, then analyse the Salaf belief in the Perisai book. This qualitative study employs the literature review method to obtain results by collecting and analysing textual data. The result proved that the Salaf belief is the foundation of the formation of the Sunnah wa al-Jamaah members. Through the Perisai book, al Mandili highlights the method of argumentation and the understanding of the Salaf belief in the debate on the Pillars of Faith. The manhaj and understanding of the belief highlighted by al-Mandili in the Perisai book are compatible with the manhaj and understanding of the Salaf al-Soleh belief. The implications of this study can serve as a catalyst for initiatives to mature society and make them more open to confronting the issue of belief comparison. More importantly, it can bridge differences and fostering greater harmony among Muslims
Relationship between job satisfaction, work environment, and employee performance: a case study of a Bangladesh's logistic company
Get PDFThe purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between job satisfaction, work environment, and employee engagement towards employee performance among the logistics industries in Bangladesh. Job satisfaction, work environment, and employee engagement are the independent factors, whereas employee performance is the dependent variable. A total of 155 employees took part in this study by filling out a survey form. Data was gathered using 48-item questionnaires with a five-point Likert scale and 6 demographic questions. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data (correlation and multiple regressions). The results of this research show that, job satisfaction and employee engagement have a substantial association with employee performance, however work environment has no significant relationship with employee performance. Meanwhile, the parameters investigated explain 39.1 percent of employee performance, according to the multiple regression results. Job satisfaction is the most influential component, followed by employee engagement, while the work environment has the least or no influence. This research showed researcher to figure out issues of employees in this department balance job satisfaction, work environment, employee engagement, and employee performance
Hybrid tabu search – strawberry algorithm for multidimensional knapsack problem
Get PDFMultidimensional Knapsack Problem (MKP) has been widely used to model real-life combinatorial problems. It is also used extensively in experiments to test the performances of metaheuristic algorithms and their hybrids. For example, Tabu Search (TS) has been successfully hybridized with other techniques, including particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the two-stage TS algorithm to solve MKP. In 2011, a new metaheuristic known as Strawberry algorithm (SBA) was initiated. Since then, it has been vastly applied to solve engineering problems. However, SBA has never been deployed to solve MKP. Therefore, a new hybrid of TS-SBA is proposed in this study to solve MKP with the objective of maximizing the total profit. The Greedy heuristics by ratio was employed to construct an initial solution. Next, the solution was enhanced by using the hybrid TS-SBA. The parameters setting to run the hybrid TS-SBA was determined by using a combination of Factorial Design of Experiments and Decision Tree Data Mining methods. Finally, the hybrid TS-SBA was evaluated using an MKP benchmark problem. It consisted of 270 test problems with different sizes of constraints and decision variables. The findings revealed that on average the hybrid TS-SBA was able to increase 1.97% profit of the initial solution. However, the best-known solution from past studies seemed to outperform the hybrid TS-SBA with an average difference of 3.69%. Notably, the novel hybrid TS-SBA proposed in this study may facilitate decisionmakers to solve real applications of MKP. It may also be applied to solve other variants of knapsack problems (KPs) with minor modifications
Mutable composite firefly algorithm for gene selection in microarray based cancer classification
Get PDFCancer classification is critical due to the strenuous effort required in cancer treatment and the rising cancer mortality rate. Recent trends with high throughput technologies have led to discoveries in terms of biomarkers that successfully contributed to cancerrelated issues. A computational approach for gene selection based on microarray data
analysis has been applied in many cancer classification problems. However, the existing hybrid approaches with metaheuristic optimization algorithms in feature selection (specifically in gene selection) are not generalized enough to efficiently classify most cancer microarray data while maintaining a small set of genes. This leads to the classification accuracy and genes subset size problem. Hence, this study proposed to modify the Firefly Algorithm (FA) along with the Correlation-based Feature Selection (CFS) filter for the gene selection task. An improved FA was proposed to overcome FA slow convergence by generating mutable size solutions for the firefly population. In addition, a composite position update strategy was designed for the mutable size solutions. The proposed strategy was to balance FA exploration and exploitation in order to address the local optima problem. The proposed hybrid algorithm known as CFS-Mutable Composite Firefly Algorithm (CFS-MCFA) was evaluated on cancer microarray data for biomarker selection along with the
deployment of Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the classifier. Evaluation was performed based on two metrics: classification accuracy and size of feature set. The results showed that the CFS-MCFA-SVM algorithm outperforms benchmark methods in terms of classification accuracy and genes subset size. In particular, 100 percent accuracy was achieved on all four datasets and with only a few biomarkers (between one and four). This result indicates that the proposed algorithm is one of the competitive alternatives in feature selection, which later contributes to the analysis of microarray data
An extended user experience evaluation over time model for e-procurement system
No full textDespite many benefits in using e-procurement, its usage remains poor due to its module complexity, lack of user-friendliness, and negative past experiences dwelt by some users while using it. Current user experience (UX) evaluation models are not developed for e-procurement systems, do not support over time measurement, and do not cover important dimensions of e-procurement. Furthermore, the qualitative and quantitative measurements in the existing models are still lacking in measurement integration methods. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop an extended UX
evaluation over time model for the e-procurement system. This study was conducted in four phases: theoretical study, model development, model verification, and model validation. The theoretical study phase comprised a literature review, a questionnaire survey, a pre-interview, and an interview to synthesise the UX dimensions, criteria, and metrics, which were then used for the UX model development. The developed model was verified by academics and industry experts and subsequently analysed using the Fuzzy Delphi method. The model was later validated by e-procurement users using a UX instrument, involving 65 participants and a diary study method, involving
13 participants. Descriptive analysis, logistic regression, and Wilcoxon Signed-rank test were performed for the survey data. Meanwhile, the data collected from the diary study to capture over time user journey was analysed using thematic analysis. This
study produced an extended UX evaluation over time model, its instrument and a User Journey Map (UJM). The developed model, its UX measurement instrument, and its empirical findings could contribute to the field of UX, especially in design and method of evaluation. The new UX measurement instrument will be useful for system designers and UX practitioners as a guide during the design phase. In addition, customer service personnel can use UJM to identify common complaints from the eprocurement users
Pengurusan konservasi dalam konteks perkembangan urbanisasi di Taiping bandar warisan 1990-2020
Get PDFA qualitative study to discuss the challenges and problems of conservation of historic buildings and sites in Malaysia has been conducted. This study aims to bridge the gap in research related to the conservation of historic buildings and sites in Taiping, Perak. As not much research or previous work has been done on conservation of historic buildings and sites in Taiping, this study aims to specifically study the management of historical buildings and sites as well as analyzing the challenges and problems related to such efforts. This study uses library research methods and archive research that relies on documents and files from government offices and agencies as the main source of information. The findings of the study have identified several problems in conservation of historic buildings and sites in Taiping. These include, lack of awareness and understanding on importance of conservation, poor skill and shallow experience among conservation workers, high consultation, equipment, machinery and wages costs, dilemma between conservation and reconstruction (reconstruction is easier and cheaper, but reduces the historical value of a monument), the dilemma between the value of heritage and development (most historic buildings and sites are located on vast areas that have the potential for commercial development), bureaucratic perversions and misinterpretations of the law, whereby there is a significant overlap of powers and roles between the government departments and agencies involved. In conclusion, historic buildings and sites are invaluable national assets and heritage, and contributes towards the country's economic growth through the tourism industry. Therefore, government should use a thoughtful approach to preserve and conserve these historic and heritage buildings
Moderating effect of budget implementation on the relationship between selected local government characteristics and the provision of primary education in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study examines the moderating effects of statutory fund allocation, leadership behaviour and managerial accountability on budget implementation by the local government for the provision of primary education in the state of Kaduna, Nigeria. The study was motivated by public outcries over the declining quality of primary education delivered and managed by the local governments in the country. A conceptual framework and a model were developed based on the gaps in the reviewed literature. This study employed public choice and human capital theories to explain the relationships among the constructs of the study. Self-administered survey method via structured questionnaire and triangulated interviews had been conducted to collect data from local government staff, primary school teachers and pupils’ parents in the Kaduna State. Stratified sampling was used to select 538 respondents from the total population of 30,104 teachers and local government staff. Both SPSS 20 and PLSSEM 3.0 were employed for analysis purposes. This study employed the triangulation approach by corroborating information from multiple sources as it improves the accuracy of information and data. The research findings show the direct relationships between the statutory fund allocation, leadership behaviour, managerial accountability and budget for primary education allocated by the local government in the Kaduna State. Moreover, moderating relationship reveals that the budget implementation significantly moderates the relationship between leadership behaviour and funding provision of primary education by local government in that state. Triangulated interviews conducted in this study confirmed the findings of the above direct and moderated relationships. However, the budget implementation by the local government for the provision of primary education did not moderate statutory fund allocation and managerial accountability. This study suggests that the local governments in the Kaduna State in particular, and Nigeria as a whole, should ensure adequate funding, inculcate managerial accountability, proactive leadership behaviour and proper budget implementation by local governments so as to provide an effective primary education system. Finally, this research has also discussed the limitations, contributions, implications of the study and necessary suggestions on new research grounds and recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders on primary education
Iklim sekolah sebagai mediator terhadap hubungan kepimpinan instruksional dengan kepuasan kerja guru
No full textSchool principals play a crucial role in re-enforcing the quality and excellence of a school. The Malaysia Education Blueprint (2013-2025) has emphasized the importance of instructional leadership to be practised in producing high performance leadership. However, there are contradictions in previous studies regarding the influence and impact of instructional leadership towards school climate. Hence, the question is, to what extent does a principal's instructional leadership can influence the formation of school climate and teacher job satisfaction in improving school academic achievement. The main purpose of this study is to identify the relationship and influence of school administrators' instructional leadership on teacher job satisfaction and school climate. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate whether school climate acts as a significant mediator for the relationship between instruction leadership and teacher job satisfaction. The research design uses a cross-sectional quantitative approach involving instructional leadership instruments, teacher job satisfaction and school climate. 355 participants were randomly selected and data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24. The findings of the study show that all variables are at a moderately high level. The correlation analysis between instructional leadership and school climate shows a significant and moderately strong relationship. The relationship between instructional leadership and teacher job satisfaction is also significant and moderately strong. In addition, the relationship between school climate and teacher job satisfaction is also found to be significant and very strong. The findings also indicated that the relationship between school climate and teacher job satisfaction is significant and very strong. School climate has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between instructional leadership and teacher job satisfaction. In conclusion, the findings of the study contribute to knowledge, theory and practice in the national education sector. Future studies would consider testing several other leadership styles simultaneously to identify the leadership that contributes the most to the excellence of education in Malaysia
Determinants of sales tax evasion among SMEs in Jordan: The moderating effect of moral obligation
No full textDespite the government’s extensive efforts, sales tax evasion among Jordanian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) is comparatively high, adversely influencing government revenues. The factors that influence SMEs sales tax evasion have not been sufficiently investigated, particularly in Jordan. Previous studies rarely highlight the determinants of sales tax evasion, and the results are somewhat inconsistent. Thus, this study aimed to extend Fischer’s model by integrating economic and socio - psychological theories in the context of sales tax evasion. The moderating role of the moral obligation on the association between sales tax evasion and its determinants was also investigated. The study examined tax transparency and political stability as a new construct to better understand the determinants of sales tax evasion among Jordanian SMEs. This study hypothesized eight factors affecting sales tax evasion and eight hypotheses on the moderating effects of moral obligation. Using a quantitative approach, this study surveyed 500 SMEs owners/managers listed in the Jordanian Ministry of Industry and Trade (MIT), of which 212 responses (42.4%) were usable for analysis purposes. Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used for hypothesis testing. The findings showed that peer influence, tax rate, tax complexity, and tax transparency directly correlate with sales tax evasion. Meanwhile, tax fairness, tax penalty, probability of detection, and political stability did not significantly impact sales tax evasion. This study also offers evidence that integrating moral obligation as a moderator strengthens the model's ability to explain tax evasion and significantly moderates the effect of tax fairness, tax rate, probability of detection, and political stability on sales tax evasion. Thus, policymakers and tax authorities should integrate these variables to formulate appropriate strategies to curtail tax evasion in Jordan, which could lead to the overall improvement in the revenue collection of the country at larg
Disclosure level and trend analysis of sustainability reporting among public-listed banks in Malaysia
Get PDFExtended from 17 sustainable development goals set by United Nation, Bursa Malaysia has initiated Sustainable Reporting guideline as major reference for public listed companies in Malaysia demonstrate their contribution on three main sectors namely economic, environment and social. The guideline has been revised recently and currently has total of 25 indicators divided to 5 economic indicators, 10 environment indicators and 10 social indicators which become major concentration in this study to measure level of information disclosure over the contribution by companies on each indicator listed by Bursa Malaysia. The study is using sample of 11 public listed financial institution obtained from Bursa Malaysia for year 2019, 2020 and 2021 utilizing secondary data extracted from Annual Report. The result indicates the level of disclosure are still low especially for environmental and economic indicator. In summary, the study concludes that although the disclosure level is low, the public listed financial institution in Malaysia has put their effort to produce sustainability report and signaling their concern over the sustainable development. Nevertheless, there are still room for improvement to make better disclosure for all indicators in the future