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The relationship of strategic improvisation, entrepreneurial marketing and social capital in the small-scale business performance and the moderating role of government support
Get PDFBusiness performance has become a broad important area of study amongst social science researchers. Empirical outcomes in the literature suggest various influence factors that may stimulate the firm or organization performance. However, in the current challenging and uncertain business environment, an auxiliary study is beneficial in determining the main success factors, particularly in the context of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). The primary concern of this research was to investigate the relationship between strategic improvisation, entrepreneurial marketing, social capital and business performance. In order to improve the outcome of the study, the moderating influence of government support was considered. A quantitative research method was used. 13 hypotheses were proposed and the framework was investigated using the underpinning theory of the Research Based View (RBV). A number of 213 registered Agrobazaar Kedai Rakyat (AKR) entrepreneurs were the respondents in this study. Data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire and the research covered 14 states in Malaysia. SPSS version 24 was used to analyse this research model for screening and descriptive data analysis. Then, inferential analysis was performed using the Smart Partial Least Squares (Smart-PLS 3.0) analysis technique. Strategic improvisation was found to be the most important predictor, followed by six (6) dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing and social capital. The findings were significant and they were positively related to business performance. In addition, 11 hypotheses were confirmed to be supported; however, another two hypotheses, and the moderating effect of government support, were found to be significant but negatively moderated the relationship of strategic improvisation and social capital with business performance. Given the importance of strategic improvisation, entrepreneurial marketing, social capital and government support in determining business performance. This research framework appears to be an original and valuable contribution to the body of knowledge that can assist small business entrepreneurs, practitioners, stakeholders, policy-makers, and government agencies in responding to market turbulence
Green bonds and other financial markets; diversification and volatility transmission patterns amidst COVID-19
Get PDFThe shift to a low-carbon economy and growing concern about the harmful impacts of climate change have heightened regulators' and investors' interest in environmentfriendly financial products. As a result, green bonds have emerged as one of the most promising possibilities for assisting in the mobilisation of financial resources for clean and sustainable initiatives. Despite the tremendous demand for green bonds, very few studies analyse how the green bonds market offers portfolio opportunities to investors. Hence, the prime objective of the study is to examine the coherence between green bonds and other financial markets (stock, commodity, digital currency, bonds, and foreign exchange markets) in constructing an efficient portfolio. This study used global data ranging from November 2008 to March 2021. To achieve the objective of the study, various methods such as quantile on quantile regression (QQR), wavelets analysis, Diebold and Yilmaz (2014) spillover index, and dynamic conditional correlations (DCC) were applied. The QQR analysis confirmed asymmetric dependency between green bonds and other financial markets subject to changes in market conditions (normal, bearish, or bullish). However, during COVID-19, the green bonds market negatively correlate with other financial markets across the quantiles. Meanwhile, the findings from wavelet correlation and continuous wavelet transformation confirmed that coherence between green bonds and other financial markets is more evident up to the middle of the time frame of the study. In addition, the Diebold and Yilmaz (2014) spillover index findings showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, green bonds transmit volatility spillovers to other pairs of markets. Finally, DCC findings confirmed that the green bonds market act as a safe haven against other financial markets during financial turbulence periods. Furthermore, this study has practical policy implications for individual investors, fund managers and policy makers
Factors affecting intention to use learning management system among employees of Telekom Malaysia
Get PDFIn this era, knowledge is the best way to strengthen organisational performance. Telekom Malaysia (TM) believes that knowledge is the key to success and has created a customised learning path for each employee. For these reasons, TM has implemented a new Learning Management System (LMS). However, records showed that the usage of the current LMS is very low, and the actual cause is still not apparent. This study focuses on identifying the factors affecting the learner’s intention to use LMS by incorporating the element of human factors. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was used to address the human factors perspective. UTAUT identifies performance and effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions as direct determinants of behavioural intention. Training construct was included in the model because of its importance in strengthening the learner’s intention and how it is thought to contribute to the organisation’s bottom line values. The research used a quantitative approach. The study’s first phase validated the construct measurement. A primary survey was then undertaken to test the study hypotheses and conceptual model. Structural equation modelling was used in particular, utilising 27 items in the questionnaire. Overall, the statistical findings showed that the results were fit for the data, with satisfactory nomological validity and reliability. This study reported significant relationships between social influence, facilitating condition, training and learner’s intention. However, performance expectancy and effort expectancy did not significantly correlate with the learner’s intention. This study recommends that organisations emphasise the need and preference of the end-user by including employees as primary stakeholders from the start of the LMS implementation stage. Additionally, management should also consider training as one of the main factors to improve LMS adoption
The impact of corporate governance mechanisms on modified audit opinion: empirical evidence from Jordanian public listed companies
Get PDFAs established by agency theory, corporate governance mechanisms can increase financial reporting credibility and protect the interests of all stakeholders. To understanding this agency theory perspective better, this study investigates the influence of corporate governance mechanisms on the prospect of receiving a modified audit opinion (a proxy for the quality of financial reporting) among Jordanian public listed corporations. Accordingly, thirteen hypotheses were developed to investigate the relationship of boards of directors’ effectiveness, audit committee characteristics, and ownership structure on the issuance of modified audit opinion in Jordan. Logistic regression was utilised to analyse the 109 company-year observation data of two sectors (service and industrial sector) from 2012-2017. Significant findings were consistent with the hypotheses that Jordanian public listed corporations with the board of director size, the board of director with multiple directorships, family ownership, and foreign ownership are less likely to receive a modified audit opinion. Moreover, the results indicated that boards of director’ characteristics, audit committee characteristics, and ownership structure contributes to decreasing the prospect of receiving a modified audit opinion. The findings of this study provide input to regulators, policymakers and companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange for practising good corporate governance
Impact of energy prices on equity markets: the analysis of different market conditions
Get PDFEnergy prices have been considered to be an essential component in the development of any country both economically and financially. After the global financial crisis, the upsurge in prices for different kind of commodities has gained the attention of policymakers to the part of investors ' action in financial markets. These rises and fall in the prices significantly influence the relationship between energy prices and equity market prices around the globe. In connection with this, the present research aims to examine the effect of different energy prices (such as oil, heating oil, natural gas and gasoline) on the prices dynamics of the equity market in top energy-consuming countries. To attain this objective, the current research collects time-series data of the top five energy-consuming countries including the United States of America, China, India, Japan and Canada. The study used the daily time-series data from 1st January 1996 to 30th November 2020. The study applied different linear and nonlinear estimation to confirm the association between different energy prices and equity market prices. The findings of nonlinear estimation (i.e. quantile cointegration) confirmed a significant nonlinear connection between different energy prices and equity market in top energy-consuming countries. Furthermore, the findings of quantile-on-quantile regression confirmed that the effect of all energy prices are mostly positive on equity returns except the oil prices returns which affect negatively equity returns during normal market conditions. Moreover, on the extreme tails, the effect is strong and weak positive for all energy prices returns in the USA and Canada. On the other hand, China and Japan have a similar case, the energy prices show a positive and significant impact on equity returns mostly in the normal market conditions and also in bearish and bullish market conditions. In the case of India, the effect of oil, natural gas and heating oil (gasoline and energy portfolio) are negative (positive) on equity returns during normal market conditions. However, the effect of all energy prices returns are strong positive on equity returns during bearish and bullish market conditions. On the other hand, the outcomes endorse that the influence of different energy prices returns on equity price volatility are different across the quantiles and the maximum fluctuation in the relationship can be seen on extreme tails of the conditional distribution which is bearish and bullish market conditions. In the case of the USA, India and Canada, the effect of all energy prices are mostly positive on equity volatility except the energy portfolio returns which affect negatively equity volatility during normal market conditions. Moreover, on the extreme tails, the effect is strongly positive and negative for all energy prices returns. On the other hand, China and Japan have a similar case, the energy prices show a positive and significant impact on equity volatility mostly in the normal market conditions and also in bearish and bullish market conditions. The study recommends several policy implications to the investor and all for the top energy-consuming countries considering the relationship between energy prices and equity market prices
Human resource management practices and employee performance: The mediating role of self efficacy
Get PDFPolice performance has paramount importance not only to prevent crime and maintain law and order but also to improve the quality of life in local communities. Nevertheless, generally, police performance in developing countries remains subnormal and not fully exploited. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the possible factors that could better explain police performance by investigating the effects of human resource management (HRM) practices (job rotation, compensation, career planning, performance appraisal, training and development) on employee performance (task, contextual and adaptive) of the police officers. Specifically, it also investigated the mediating role of self-efficacy on the relationship between HRM practices and employee performance. Social exchange theory (SET) and ability, motivation and opportunity theory (AMOT) were employed in this study to explain the possible relationship between the variables in the research model. A total of 273 officers of Punjab police in Pakistan, representing a response rate of 55%, participated in this study. Using cross-sectional survey design, data were collected via self-administered method. PLS-SEM was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. Path modelling results revealed that HRM practices predicted the three dimensions of employee performance differently. While training & development, compensation and performance appraisal were positively related to task performance, job rotation, compensation, performance appraisal, and training and development were found to have significant positive relationship with adaptive performance. However, compensation, and training and development had a significant influence on all three dimensions of employee performance (i.e., task, contextual and adaptive). Furthermore, the results indicated that self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between HRM practices and employee performance. These results highlighted the underlying direct and indirect paths and detailed mechanisms through which HRM practices and self-efficacy affected employee performance. Finally, theoretical and practical implications, limitations and suggestions for future research were discussed
The relationship between job demands, resources, stress, and cyberloafing among administrative staff in Jordanian universities
Get PDFThe emergence of internet technology in the workplace has many desirable effects on organizations and their members, which allows them to communicate easier and work faster. Despite the positive effect, internet technology brings about many undesirable consequences that widely influence organizations' productivity. Cyberloafing is a phenomenon that has recently attracted the researcher's attention, which denotes the idle utilization of technology rather than work. This study, therefore, examined the factors influencing cyberloafing activities amongst administrative staff in Jordanian universities. Drawing upon the JD-R model, conservation of resources theory, and construal level theory, this study examined the moderating effect of consideration of future consequences on the association between job stress and cyberloafing. In addition, the study examined the mediating effect of job stress on the relationship between job demands (role overload, role conflict, and role ambiguity), job resources (task significance, task identity, skill variety, autonomy, and job feedback), and cyberloafing. A quantitative approach was used to study the association between the variables under the study, and the unit of analysis was the individual administrative staff. The study utilized a survey method and questionnaires distributed through purposive sampling to 740 administrative staff at 19 public and private universities in Jordan. Out of 740 questionnaires distributed, 687 were returned, representing a respondent rate of 92.84%. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) Structural Equation Modelling technique was used to test the study hypotheses. The study found significant direct relationships among the tested job demands and job resources variables (except role conflict, skill variety, and feedback) with cyberloafing. In addition, the direct relationship between job demands, resources variables, and job stress was significant except (for role ambiguity). A significant positive correlation was found between job stress and cyberloafing. In contrast, job stress was found to mediate the relationship between job demands and resources variables (except role ambiguity) and cyberloafing. Regarding the moderation effect, consideration of future consequences moderated the relationship between job stress and cyberloafing. Contributions, limitations, and implications of the study are also discussed
The effect of board characteristics, chairman and CEO attributes on integrated reporting disclosure in Malaysia
Get PDFIntegrated Reporting (IR), a relatively new concept in corporate reporting, has drawn global interest in the disclosure literature, however, the studies conducted in Malaysia are limited. This study empirically investigates the effect of board characteristics, chairman attributes, and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) attributes on IR disclosure level (IRDL) and quality (IRDQ). Based on stakeholder, agency and upper echelons theories, this study analyses data of 363 company‐year observations from a sample of publicly listed companies on the Bursa Malaysia from 2017 to 2020. The author constructed a comprehensive IR disclosure index with 100 items divided across four categories based on the International Integrated Reporting Framework (IIRF). Content analysis technique was used to measure IR disclosure from the annual reports. The hypotheses were tested using panel-corrected standard error (PCSE) regression. The results show a relatively moderate average for IRDL (65.317%) and IRDQ (54.438%), indicating increased awareness of IR by Malaysian companies. Board size, independence, gender diversity, and non-executive remuneration have a significant positive relationship with IR disclosure. This suggests the important role of board of directors in monitoring and reducing agency problems, and protecting stakeholders’ interests. However, directors with multiple directorships do not affect the IR disclosure. The findings indicate that a chairman with longer tenure and larger share ownership is significantly and negatively associated with IR-related information. Nevertheless, chairman age, educational level, and financial expertise are insignificantly related to IR information disclosed. The findings also indicate that the older the CEO, the greater engagement in IR disclosure, although long-tenured CEOs are associated with lower involvement in IR disclosure. However, well-educated CEOs and good financial expertise are insignificantly related to IR-related information. The study’s findings may be useful for policymakers, regulators, company managers, investors, and researchers interested in improving IR practices
Examining customers’ intention to switch to prepaid mobile phone service providers in northern Malaysia
No full textThe Malaysian telecommunication industry is becoming more competitive allowing mobile phone subscribers expose to a broader choice of service providers. However, there are limited studies on the factors influencing customers' intention to switch to prepaid mobile phone services in the Malaysian telecommunication industry. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between price, satisfaction, alternative attractiveness, switching cost, mobile number portability-induced self-efficacy, and customer intention to switch service provider. The moderating role of mooring factors (switching cost and mobile number portability-induced self-efficacy) between push factors and customer intention to switch service provider and pull factors and the intention to switch service provider is also examined. The underpinning theory used in this study was Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) Model. Data were collected using a proportional stratified sampling technique among 339 students from six public universities in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. This study used intercept survey method as a data collection method. Data were analyzed using the partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach. The results found that price, alternative attractiveness, and mobile number portability-induced self-efficacy positively influence intention to switch service provider, whereas satisfaction and switching cost negatively impact intention to switch service provider. However, mooring factors (switching cost and mobile number portability-induced self-efficacy) do not moderate the relationship between push factors and intention to switch service provider and pull factors and intention to switch service provider. This study has extended the findings on switching behavior from Malaysia's telecommunication industry, particularly the prepaid market segment, and Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) model from the Malaysian context. The suggestions for future research are also discussed
The determinant of safety management practices on safety behavior among medical devices manufacturing in Malaysia
Get PDFOne of the main challenges in many organizations is workplace safety. This is due to the fact that workplace accidents and injuries may have both financial and non-financial consequences for the firm. Such neglect is unfortunate because Malaysia is one of several countries in the world where accidents and injuries occur frequently. A survey of 151 medical device manufacturing employees was conducted. Information on workplace safety behaviors and safety dimensions was collected using self-reported assessments. The proposed relationships were established using a structural model analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The current study discovered a substantial that influence safety behavior and six aspects of safety management practices (management commitment, safety training, worker involvement, safety communication and feedback, safety rules and procedures, and safety promotion policies). There is discussion of the implications for managers and practitioners. Respondents to this study included 151 Mediquip Sdn. Bhd. industrial operators in the state of Perlis. The study was conducted using SPSS 26.0. and various types of analysis. Regression analysis and ANOVA testing results generally support the existence of a positive relationship between safety management practices and safety behavior in the manufacturing of medical devices. Overall, this thesis will provide a comprehensive perspective on the topic of safety management practices on safety behaviour among medical devices manufacturing in Malaysia