University of New Brunswick: Centre for Digital Scholarship Journals
Not a member yet
21951 research outputs found
Sort by
World bathymetric charts – On the requirement for a world wide bathymetric chart on a scale larger than the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO)
Full text linkThis manuscript is a reprint of the original paper previously published in 1972 in The International Hydrographic Review (IHR, https://ihr.iho.int/): Pascoe, L. N. (1972). World bathymetric charts – On the requirement for a world wide bathymetric chart on a scale larger than the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO). The International Hydrographic Review, 49(1), 153–160. https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/ihr/article/view/2387
Analysis of the potential of full-waveform stacking techniques applied to coastal airborne LiDAR bathymetry data of the German Wadden Sea National Park
Full text linkAs a result of natural processes and human activities, water bodies and in particular the seabed are in a constant state of change. Collecting data on the topography of the seabed for monitoring tasks, coastal protection or to ensure safe navigation is a major challenge. Airborne LiDAR bathymetry is an efficient area-wide method for acquiring seabed topography. However, this measurement method is limited in water depth penetration due to the attenuation of the measurement signal in the water column and water turbidity. Therefore, it is only suitable for bottom detection in shallow water areas. However, recent developments in full-waveform processing techniques allow an increase in the usable portion of the signal waveform, resulting in an improved representation of the seabed. In this contribution, two novel full-waveform processing techniques are evaluated for the first time on a dataset from the German Wadden Sea National Park. In addition, an enhanced water surface correction method is introduced, which accounts for the local sea surface topography with the goal of improving the accuracy potential of the full-waveform stacking processing. The study demonstrates an increase in the analyzable water depth on the order of 26 %. This results in an improved coverage of the seabed in terms of point density and area covered (+ 14.6 %). A comprehensive analysis of the results shows that the additional seabed points represent the seabed well
Development of a compact pulsed time-of-flight LiDAR platform for underwater measurements
Full text linkThe mapping and inspection of underwater topography and infrastructure require precise and robust instrumentation which cannot be completely fulfilled by sonar or camera-based systems. At Fraunhofer IPM we have therefore built a versatile platform that implements all necessary building blocks for various laser scanner configurations targeted at subsea applications. Based on this platform, we present two scanner prototypes: One compact and lightweight multi-wavelength airborne laser scanner for deployment with unmanned aerial vehicles. It is intended for easy and fast shallow water bathymetric and topographic mapping. The second scanner is embedded in a pressure resistant housing and designed for submerged deployment on stationary or moving platforms to facilitate numerous inspection tasks. Initial tests of the scanners have been performed in an excavation pond and on a dedicated underwater measurement range. The resulting point clouds indicate promising performance in terms of resolution, accuracy, and speed. Further work will focus on extensive field tests and software optimization for increased usability
Deep-sea exploration of marine ecosystems – Knowledge and solutions for marine biodiversity
Full text linkIn honour of the centenary of The International Hydrographic Review (IHR) in 2023, Prof Dr Alex David Rogers was invited to contribute to the special Jubilee Issue* with a keynote article on the exploration of deep-sea biodiversity over the past 100 years and a look into the future of deep-sea exploration of marine ecosystems. As this was not possible in the Jubilee year, we are now publishing the manuscript.
We review discoveries in deep-sea biodiversity since the establishment of the International Hydrographic Organisation in 1921. Over the last century it has been demonstrated that the deep sea harbours a great variety of habitats which host a large diversity of species rivalling that of other marine and terrestrial ecosystems. This was possible through the invention of quantitative sampling methods and deep-submergence technologies as well as advances in fields such as acoustics and marine navigation. Increasing human activities impacting the deep ocean now demand knowledge of the distribution of life in the deep sea is greatly improved through further exploration
Spatial and temporal coverage of the cargo ship network for GNSS-based tsunami detection
Full text linkTracking changes in sea-surface height with ship-based GNSS can be used to detect tsunamis. One year of navigation data from ships in the Pacific is examined to investigate how well-distributed a cargo-ship network would be for tsunami detection. There is excellent coverage of the most active tsunamigenic zones, with multiple ships predicted within 30-minutes travel time of notable tsunamis. Tsunamigenic regions with low ship density, such as the Southwest Pacific, require a greater percentage of ships participating to ensure sufficient data. The global nature of GNSS and ship routes make this a promising, low-cost approach, to augment tsunami detection
Unlock insights from hydrographic data with GeoAI
Full text linkThe following work was presented at the Hydrographic Conference HYDRO 2023, 7–9 November 2023, Genoa, Italy in the oral session Collaboration and Partnership, Quality, Enabling Technologies and Ocean Literacy.
Hydrographic offices are collecting hundreds of terabytes of data every day. This information not only comes from bathymetry data sensors, but also from weather stations, radar, ships, satellites, aerial and drone imagery, and other sensors. With all this data pouring in, hydrographic offices need to be able to automate time consuming processes and adopt modern technologies. One such technology is GeoAI, the intersection of spatial data and artificial intelligence. GeoAI can be considered an enabling technology, in that it allows you collect the data once and apply different algorithms to the data for it to be for multiple purposes. Data collected from multibeam echo sounders can be analyzed to update ENCs by finding new obstructions such as rocks and shipwrecks. Using that same point cloud, GeoAI can then be used to understand marine animal habitat by identifying underwater structures and seafloor patterns that lead to increased biodiversity. GeoAI can be used to aid in coastal resilience projects by analyzing aerial imagery from drones captured in multiple seasons and years for change detection, highlight the areas that need the most attention. Machine Learning, a part of the GeoAI portfolio, can additionally use that same imagery data set to run predictive analytics, highlighting areas that are susceptible to erosion, flooding, and landslides. Many of the same GeoAI algorithms can be used to help maximize investments in the blue economy by bringing location intelligence to the decision-making process. Models can predict the best locations to establish aquaculture, Marine Protected Areas, and offshore energy production. In addition to its applications in coastal resilience projects and maximizing investments in the blue economy, GeoAI offers a wide array of benefits in the domain of hydrospatial data management. The integration of GeoAI in hydrographic offices revolutionizes the way hydrographic data is processed and utilized. Traditionally, processing and interpreting vast amounts of hydrospatial data, including bathymetry, weather, radar, and imagery, required extensive human resources and time-consuming manual efforts. However, with GeoAI, these offices can automate complex tasks and streamline data analysis, significantly improving efficiency and accuracy
Citizen Hydrospatial Sciences − To csB or not to csB, that is the question!
Full text linkCitizen science, where individuals and interested groups of people contribute to scientific research, has been growing significantly. In the hydrospatial realm, covering everything from the water's surface and column, to its depths, to its bottom and its sub-bottom composition and its coastal areas; citizen scientists collect valuable data. This note is using Citizen Hydrospatial Sciences as an overall introduction and context. The note really focuses and dives into the Crowdsourced Bathymetry (CSB) topic challenges and opportunities facing the global hydrographic community. Surprisingly, only about a third of the International Hydrographic Organization's (IHO) Member States (MS) and/or Hydrographic Offices (HOs) have responded to the IHO Secretariat's call for supporting the CSB initiative. Although this constitutes a great achievement and commitment, this raises questions: Why are not more HOs getting involved? Denis Hains discussed this in its Keynote address at the Hydro 2023 Conference in Genoa, Italy, sparking further discussion. This note follows up on Hains’ talk, looking more particularly into the CSB data quality and legal concerns worries some HOs seem to have. It is important to indicate, though, that while this note explores these issues, it does not offer legal advice
Empowering hydrographic professionals: Highlights from IFHS Student Awards and insights into the Hydrographic Professional Accreditation Scheme
Full text linkEngagement with “Real Readers and James Frey’s A Million Little Pieces: Autofiction as a Reading Strategy and the Mediating Role of Authenticity” by Melina Ghasseminejad
Full text linkIt is an honor for me to have been invited to engage with Melina Ghasseminejad’s research as presented in the article on a topic and on theoretical questions very important to me, but here addressed in completely new ways. The turn to real readers in the context of autofiction and of fictionality theory is a new and major step, and one that has obviously required a great deal of effort methodologically, theoretically, and in terms of conducting the interviews in fruitful ways. This is a very commendable path to explore. In the following I will briefly focus on questions about the relation between lies, truth, and fictionality and between honesty and dishonesty, deception and non-deception. Next, I will examine why it matters – especially in the context of real readers as opposed to underlying structures or theoretical abstractions. Finally, I will engage with the author’s overarching conclusions and findings and their importance
Integrating data-limited techniques for maritime risk assessment in Small Island Developing States
No full textMaritime navigation is critical for the economic development of Small Island Developing States, yet resource constraints often hinder comprehensive risk assessments. This study developed a probabilistic risk assessment method using publicly available data, including historical traffic patterns and port call logs, to identify turning zones and traffic routes. The Monte Carlo approach and Poisson distribution were used to simulate traffic events, with vessels assumed to drift within a one-hour period. Overlapping safety zones were identified as potential candidates for drifting collisions, and fault tree analysis was used to calculate causation probabilities. The study results highlight port approaches, narrow waterways and turning zones as areas with the highest incident probability, followed by areas to the north of Trinidad and, separately, to the north of Tobago. This scalable model provides actionable insights, aiding policymakers and maritime professionals in prioritising resources and mitigating navigation risks