Jurnal Pertanian UMPAR (Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare)
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UJI CEPAT TETRAZOLIUM DAN RADICLE EMERGENCE (RE) TERHADAP DAYA BERKECAMBAH PADA VARIETAS BENIH JAGUNG (Zea mays L)
No full textFast and applicable seed quality testing methods are needed to support the availability of quality seeds that can be distributed. The Tetrazolium Rapid Test Method is a rapid test method that is currently being implemented in Seed Quality Testing Laboratories. Meanwhile, the Radicle Emergence/RE Rapid Test method is currently being developed to accelerate the supply of quality seeds. This research aims to determine a more precise, efficient, and efficient method. Accurate in predicting corn seed germination in the laboratory and field. This research was carried out in the laboratory using a completely randomized design and in the field using a one-factor randomized block design, namely varieties in the form of ten varieties of corn (Sukmaraga, Srikandi Ungu, Srikandi Kuning, Pulut Uri, Lamuru, Bisi 18, Bisi 2, P32, P35, and Betras 1). The results showed that the Tetrazolium Rapid Test and the RE Rapid Test had a very close correlation in estimating the value of Seed Germination in the Laboratory and the Field. Both methods can be used as Rapid Test methods in Seed Quality Testing laboratories. However, the RE Rapid Test is more economical and practical.Metode Pengujian mutu benih yang cepat dan aplikatif sangat diperlukan untuk mendukung tersedianya benih bermutu yang dapat diedarkan. Metode Uji Cepat Tetrazolium merupakan metode uji cepat yang saat ini sdudah diterapkan di Laboratorium Pengujian Mutu Benih.Sedangkan metode Uji Cepat Radicle Emergence/RE saat ini sedang dikembangkan dalam rangka percepatan penyediaan benih bermutu.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode yang lebih tepat, efisien dan akurat dalam menduga daya berkecambah benih jagung di Laboratorium dan Lapangan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dan di Lapangan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok satu faktor yaitu varietas berupa sepuluh varietas Jagung ( Sukmaraga, Srikandi Ungu, Srikandi Kuning, Pulut Uri, Lamuru, Bisi 18, Bisi 2, P32, P35, dan Betras 1). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Uji Cepat Tetrazolium dan Uji Cepat RE memiliki korelasi yang sangat erat dalam menduga nilai Daya Berkecambah Benih di Laboratorium dan di Lapangan. Kedua metode ini sama-sama dapat digunakan sebagai metode Uji Cepat di laboratorium Pengujian Mutu Benih. Namun, Uji Cepat RE lebih ekonomis dan lebih praktis untuk dapat dilaksanakan
ANTAGONISME DAN POTENSI ISOLAT CENDAWAN ENDOFIT ASAL RIZOSFER TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH TERHADAP PATOGEN Alternaria porri
No full textUsing biological agents can suppress Pesticides in controlling purple spot disease caused by Alternaria porri in shallots. Antagonistic microorganisms as biological agents of can be obtained from shallot rhizosphere. This study aimed to determine the endophytic fungi from the rhizosphere. It were antagonistic to the pathogen Alternaria porri (Ell.Cif.) on shallots. This research was started by isolating the fungus by growing it on Potato Dextrose (PDA) media, and continued with purification, then identified microscopically. The identification results revealed the type of fungus in the shallot rhizosphere, namely Trichoderma sp. mf 1, Trichoderma sp mf 2, Fusarium sp mf 1, Fusarium mf 2, and Penicillium sp. each successively has the ability of inhibition against A. porri are 78.75%, 77.35%, 85.71%, 68.22%, and 67.60%. The isolates could suppress the growth of A.porri isolates and cause antagonistic mechanisms such as competition, antibiosis, and parasitism.Pestisida dapat ditekan penggunaannya dalam pengendalian penyakit bercak ungu yang disebabkan oleh Alternaria porri pada pertanaman bawang merah dengan pemanfaatan agens hayati yaitu berupa pemanfaatan mikroorganisme antagonis yang terdapat pada tanaman bawang merah yang dapat diperoleh dari rizosfer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cendawan endofit asal rizosfer sebagai cendawan antagonis terhadap patogen Alternaria porri (Ell.Cif.) pada bawang merah. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Alkhairaat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode isolasi dengan menumbuhkan pada media Potato Dekstorsa (PDA) dan pemurnian, selanjutnya diidentifikasi secara mikroskopis. Hasil identifikasi diperoleh Trichoderma sp. mf 1, Trichoderma sp mf 2, Fusarium sp mf 1, Fusarium mf 2, dan Penicillium sp. masing-masing secara berturut mermpunyai kemampuan daya hambat terhadap A.porri adalah 78,75%, 77,35%, 85,71%, 68,22% dan 67, 60%. Isolat- isolat tersebut mampu menekan pertumbuhan isolat A.porri dan menyebabkan terjadinya mekanisme antagonistik yaitu berupa antagonistik kompetisi, antibiosis dan parasitisme
Growth and Nickel Absorption of Green Mustard (Brassica rapa L.) on Nickel-Contaminated Soil
No full textThe waste generated by the nickel mining business has the potential to reduce soil fertility, causing plants not to grow normally and produce optimally. In fact, due to the high Ni content in the soil, it will be absorbed by the plants so that it cannot be used as food. The study aimed to determine the growth and absorption of nickel in mustard greens by applying compost and liquid fertilizer to nickel-polluted soil. The study used a randomized block design (RAK) with liquid fertilizer (PC) and compost application. The treatment consisted of (1) control (no PC + no compost); (2) Without PC+ compost 15 tonnes/ha; (3) Without PC + compost 20 tonnes/ha; (4) Without PC+25 tons/ ha; (5) PC 10 ml/liter + No compost; (6) PC 10 ml/liter + compost 15 tons/ha; (7) PC 10 ml/liter + compost 20 tons/ha; (8) PC 10 ml/liter + compost 25 tons/ha, which was repeated 3 times and consisted of 3 plants in each treatment. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and further testing with BNJ Test 0.05. The results showed that mustard plants on nickel-contaminated soil could grow normally and without poisoning symptoms. The application of 4 liters/ha of liquid fertilizer and 25 tons/ha of compost produced a higher number of leaves and fresh weight of mustard plants and were significantly different from other treatments. Mustard plants can absorb and accumulate nickel in the roots and leaves in the range of 425-455 mg/kg plant dry weight. Using green mustard plants in remediating land contaminated with heavy metals, especially nickel, can be an alternative by adding compost and liquid fertilizer to increase the biomass of mustard plants. However, it still has to be appropriately monitored, and the plants produced are not recommended for consumption.Limbah yang dihasilkan usaha penambangan nikel berpotensi menurunkan tingkat kesuburan tanah yang menyebabkan tanaman tidak dapat tumbuh normal dan menghasilkan produksi secara optimal. Bahkan, akibat tingginya kandungan Ni dalam tanah akan terserap ke dalam tanaman sehingga tanaman ini tidak dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pangan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan penyerapan nikel pada tanaman sawi melalui aplikasi kompos dan pupuk cair pada tanah tercemar nikel. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan aplikasi pupuk cair (PC) dan kompos. Perlakuan terdiri atas (1) kontrol (Tanpa PC+Tanpa kompos); (2) Tanpa PC+ kompos 15 ton/ ha; (3) Tanpa PC + kompos 20 ton/ ha; (4) Tanpa PC+25 ton/ ha; (5) PC 10 ml/liter + Tanpa kompos; (6) PC 10 ml/liter + kompos 15 ton/ha; (7) PC 10 ml/liter + kompos 20 ton/ha; (8) PC 10 ml /lter + kompos 25 ton/ha, yang diulang 3 kali dan terdiri atas 3 tanaman pada setiap perlakuan. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan Anova dan uji lanjut dengan Uji BNJ 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman sawi yang ditanam pada tanah yang tercemar nikel, dapat tumbuh normal dan tanpa gejala keracunan. Pemberian pupuk cair 4 liter/ha dan kompos sebanyak 25 ton/ha menghasilkan jumlah daun dan bobot segar tanaman sawi yang lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata dengan perlakukan lainnya. Tanaman sawi mampu menyerap dan mengakumulasi nikel pada akar dan daun berada pada kisaran 425-455 mg/kg bobot kering tanaman. Penggunaan tanaman sawi hijau dalam meremediasi lahan terkontaminasi logam berat khususnya nikel dapat menjadi alternatif dengan melakukan penambahan kompos dan pupuk cair untuk meningkatkan biomassa tanaman sawi. Akan tetapi peenelitian harus diawasi dengan baik dan tanaman yang dihasilkan tidak disarankan untuk dikonsumsi, karena mengandung logam berat yang cukup tinggi
Analisis Kelayakan Usahatani Padi di Kecamatan Cawas Kabupaten Klaten
No full textRice is a staple food that is difficult to replace with other alternative foods. This makes the level of rice consumption in Indonesia quite high. Land use in Cawas District has shifted a lot to settlements and the area of ??land use for agriculture is decreasing. This indirectly implies that most of the farmers in Cawas Sub-district have shifted their land use from agricultural land to residential land because the previous farming no longer provides a profit. Farm income can be used as an indicator of farmer welfare, the higher the net income received by farmers, the higher the economic welfare level of farmers. In this regard, it is necessary to further analyze the level of use of costs, revenues, income, and the feasibility of farming so that it is known to what extent rice farming can guarantee the economic welfare of farmers' households. This research was conducted by interview method with the Mugi Subur farmer group in Cawas District and was carried out in March. Farming income analysis can be done by conducting interviews regarding the use of farming costs and the price of rice at harvest. Furthermore, based on the data, the Break Event Point (BEP) value, R/C ratio, and B/C ratio were calculated to determine the feasibility of farming. The results showed that rice farming in Cawas District provides benefits for farmers and is feasible to cultivate.Beras masih menjadi pangan pokok masyarakat Indonesia, sulit untuk menggantikan beras dengan alternatif pangan lain, dan hal tersebut menjadikan tingkat konsumsi beras tinggi. Masyarakat Kecamatan Cawas banyak memanfaatkan lahan pertanian untuk ditanami padi, Kecamatan Cawas masuk dalam peringkat tiga besar penghasil padi terbesar di Kabupaten Klaten dengan luas area panen sebesar 4.144 Ha. Tingginya konsumsi beras sebagai pangan pokok mendorong banyak petani untuk memanfaatkan lahan atau sawah yang dimiliki dengan ditanami padi. Pendapatan usahatani dapat digunakan sebagai indikator kesejahteraan petani, semakin tinggi pendapatan bersih yang diterima oleh petani kemungkinan tingkat kesejahteraan petani secara ekonomi semakin tinggi. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, maka perlu dianalisis lebih lanjut mengenai tingkat penggunaan biaya, penerimaan, pendapatan, dan kelayakan usahatani sehingga diketahui sejauh mana usahatani padi dapat menjamin kesejahteraan ekonomi rumah tangga petani. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode wawancara dengan kelompok tani Mugi Subur di Kecamatan Cawas dan dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret. Analisis pendapatan usahatani dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan wawancara kepada mengenai penggunaan biaya usahatani dan harga padi saat panen dan selanjutnya berdasarkan data tersebut dihitung nilai Break Event Point (BEP) dan R/C ratio untuk menentukan kelayakan usahatani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usahatani padi di Kecamatan Cawas memberikan keuntungan bagi petani dan layak untuk diusahakan
Produktivitas Tanaman Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) pada Tanah Ultisol dengan Pemberian Beberapa Pupuk Organik
No full textPalmarosa plant (Cymbopogon martini: Poaceae) comes from East India and Turkey, and in Indonesia, it is known as Palmarosa grass. This plant is an essential plant with the name Palmarosa Oil. Besides being useful as a cosmetic ingredient, it can also be an active ingredient in vegetable pesticides. This study aimed to see the effect of applying organic fertilizer to Ultisol soil planting media on the production and quality of Palmarosa plants. The study was conducted at the Laing Experimental Garden, Solok Agricultural Plant Assessment and Research Installation, West Sumatra. Palmarosa plants used were 1 month old in the nursery and transferred to plastic bags measuring 30 x 40 cm. The study was arranged using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the following treatments Ultisol soil + Seraiwangi ash (TA), Ultisol soil + manure (TP), Ultisol soil + manure + compost (TK), and positive control andosol soil (K). Comparison of ultisol soil with organic fertilizer 1:1. Each treatment was repeated 8 times, and each replication consisted of 10 sample plants. Observations were made every 15 days after the plants were 15 days after planting. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer on Ultisol soil + manure + compost showed the best vegetative growth in plant height growth, the number of tillers, leaf length, leaf width, and crown width. While the geraniol content is 81.04% and the oil yield is 0.31%
Peningkatan Kinerja Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Gabus (Channa striata) dengan Probiotik EM4
No full textThe decreasing population of snakehead fish (Channa striata) in nature needs to be preserved through cultivation. The use of probiotics in cultivation can support increased production. This study aimed to determine the effect of the frequency of probiotics on survival, growth, feed conversion, and body proximate in snakehead fish fry for 60 days. The study was conducted using an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment is the frequency of giving probiotics, including once a day, twice a day, three times a day, and without probiotics (control). The results showed that the frequency of probiotic administration affected survival, growth, feed conversion, and proximate content of snakehead fish seed bodies. The best frequency is the provision of probiotics twice a day
Perubahan Konduktivitas Hidraulik dan Daya Hantar Listrik Tanah Akibat Pemberian Urea dan Bahan Organik pada Tanah Ultisol
No full textThis study aimed to determine the effect of urea added with organic matter in a high C/N (50-70) or low C/N (10-20) ratio on the hydraulic conductivity and electrical conductivity of Ultisol soil. The research was arranged in a Split Plot Design. The main plot is organic matter, ie, without organic matter, calopogonium leaves, and rice straw 1,275 x 10-8 kg/ha, equivalent to 15.3 g/pipe. Sub-plots were urea doses consisting of 0, 100, and 300 kg/ha, equivalent to 0 g/pipe, 0.0425 g/pipe, and 0.0825 g/pipe, respectively, applied to Ultisol soil. Sample of Ultisol soil was taken at a depth of 0 -120 m which were air-dried, then sifted, mixed with TSP, organic matter, and urea according to treatment. The sample was put in a PVC tube (pipe) with the bottom covered with fine gauze to hold the soil but still allow percolation. . Incubation was carried out for two weeks. Observations were made after the incubation period, including hydraulic conductivity and electrical conductivity. The application of organic matter and urea at a dose of 300 kg/ha can increase the electrical conductivity of the soil. Adding the main organic matter with a high C/N ratio (rice straw) increases the hydraulic conductivity. Electrical conductivity (EC) is a good indicator in explaining the dispersive effect of urea and the effect of flocculation of organic matter. High electrical conductivity always results in high hydraulic conductivity in Ultisol soils
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS-JENIS ANGGREK DI CAGAR ALAM KOFIAU KABUPATEN RAJA AMPAT
No full textThis study aims to determine the abundance of orchid species, diversity, evenness and dominance of orchid species in the Kofiau Nature Reserve, Raja Ampat Regency. This forest area is a habitat for various endemic flora and fauna, including orchids. Orchid is one of the seed plants of the Orchidaceae family which is in great demand because of its attractive flower shape and color so that it can be used as raw material for the cut flower industry, potted plants or garden decorations. The procedure used in this study was field observation/exploration technique, the determination of the observation sample was carried out by considering the area objectively overgrown with orchids. charts, graphs and photos). Based on the results of exploration and identification of orchid species in the Kofiau Nature Reserve, there are 3 types of epiphytic orchids and 1 type of terrestrial/soil orchid, so the total number is 4 types of orchids, consisting of 1 genus of soil orchid (Spathoglotis) and 3 genera of epiphytic orchids, namely Dendrobium. 2 species and Grammathophyllum 1 species. With the highest number of individuals, Grammatophylum scriptum 128 (50.00%), then Spathoglotis plicata with the highest number of individuals, 107 (41.797%), this is the highest number of orchids found in mangrove forests, then Dendrobium allofolium with 15 individuals. (5.859%), and D. crumenatum with 6 individuals (2.344%) with a total of 256 orchid individuals found in mangrove forests. The orchid species diversity index value is 0.3771 and the dominance index is 0.4287 and the evenness index value is 0.0943. Where the index value of diversity and species dominance on orchids in the Nature Reserve forest is in the low category while the evenness index value is in the medium category.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan jenis anggrek, keanekaragaman, kemerataan dan dominasi jenis anggrek di Cagar Alam Kofiau Kabupaten Raja Ampat. Kawasan hutan ini merupakan salah satu habitat dari berbagai flora maupun fauna yang endemik antara lain tumbuhan anggrek. Anggrek merupakan salah satu tumbuhan berbiji famili Orchidaceae yang banyak diminati karena bentuk dan warna bunganya menarik sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku industri bunga potong, tanaman pot atau hiasan taman. Prosedur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan teknik observasi lapangan/eksplorasi, penentuan sampel pengamatan dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan daerah secara objektif yang ditumbuhi anggrek Data hasil observasi dianalisis sesuai dengan masing-masing parameter dan dideskripsi secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif serta disajikan dalam bentuk tabulasi dan gambar (bagan, grafik dan foto). Berdasarkan hasil eksplorasi dan identifikasi jenis-jenis anggrek di Cagar Alam Kofiau terdapat 3 jenis anggrek epifit dan 1 jenis anggrek terestrial/tanah jadi jumlah keseluruhan ada 4 jenis anggrek, yang terdiri dari 1 genus anggrek tanah (Spathoglotis) dan 3 genus anggrek epifit yaitu Dendrobium 2 jenis dan Grammathophyllum 1 jenis. Dengan jumlah individu terbanyak yaitu jenis Grammatophylum scriptum 128 (50,00%), kemudian jenis Spathoglotis plicata dengan jumlah individu terbanyak yaitu 107 (41,797 %), ini merupakan jumlah anggrek terbanyak yang terdapat dalam hutan mangrove, kemudian jenis Dendrobium alofolium dengan jumlah individu 15 (5,859%), dan D.crumenatum dengan jumlah individu 6 (2,344%) dengan jumlah keseluruhan ada 256 individu anggrek yang ditemukan pada hutan mangrove. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis anggrek 0,3771 dan indeks dominasi 0,4287 serta nilai indeks kemerataan 0.0943. Dimana nilai indek keanekaragaman dan dominasi jenis pada anggrek yang ada di hutan Cagar Alam dalam katagori rendah sedangkan nilai indeks kemerataan dalam katagori sedang
Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Lahan Pekarangan dalam Mendukung Ketersediaan Pangan pada Era Pandemi Covid-19 di Pedesaan
No full textNational food security is a problem that must be tackled together, especially in the new normal era caused by the covid 19 pandemic. The yard of the house to produce food is one of the concepts of using yard land both in rural and urban areas to support national food security by empowering potential local food. The yard is not only to create beauty and coolness, but also to improve the economy of each family. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the community in the use of yard land during the Covid-19 pandemic, to determine the pattern of yard use, and to determine the effectiveness of using yard land in rural areas, especially residents of Carawali Village, Sidrap Regency, in supporting food availability. The data analysis used in this study was an experiment with a one group pre-test post-test design model. In this design, an initial measurement (pre-test) was carried out, after which certain treatment was given, then a re-measurement was carried out (post-test). Sampling in this study using snowball sampling. The results showed that the use of yard land in supporting the food availability of residents in Carawali Village, Watang Pulu District showed that the percentage of the answer scores for the program effectiveness variable described from several questionnaire questions to respondents was in the range of values of 50 - 100%, which means that it is included in the effective criteria
PENGARUH BANTUAN SOSIAL DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH TERHADAP PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI KOTA PAREPARE
No full textThis study aims to: (1) To find out the effect of social assistance on poverty alleviation in parepare city; (2) To know the influence of community empowerment through small and medium micro enterprises on poverty alleviation in parepare city; (3) To find out how much influence social assistance and community empowerment through small and medium micro enterprises to poverty alleviation in parepare city. This study uses primary and secondary data. Based on the problem formulation and research hypothesis that has been described earlier, it appears that the relationship between the variables that are the focus of this study as a whole shows complex and tiered casual relationships. This relationship involves dependent variables i.e. poverty alleviation; independent variables i.e. social assistance and community empowerment through small and medium-sized micro enterprises. The results showed that: 1) social assistance has no partial significant effect on poverty alleviation in parepare city 2) community empowerment has a partial significant effect on poverty alleviation in parepare city 3) social assistance and community empowerment through small and medium micro enterprises provide determination of influence contribution of 68% to poverty alleviation in parepare cit