Jurnal Pertanian UMPAR (Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare)
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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN FITOBIOTIK DAN Lactobacillus sp. DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP DEPOSISI LEMAK DAN KARKAS PADA KALKUN
No full textThe study aimed to determine the effect of adding phytobiotics derived from the skin of shallots, garlic, and bay leaves combined with Lactobacillus sp. in turkey rations on fat deposition and carcass percentage. The experimental cattle used were 80 unsex turkeys aged 3 months. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design (RAK) with 5 treatments and 4 groups based on body weight, each containing 4 turkeys. Groups were divided based on body weight, namely K1 (400-550 g); K2 (551-700 g); K3 (701-850 g), and K4 (851-1000 g). The treatments applied were T0= Basal ration/RB; T1=RB + 0.25 g Lactobacillus sp. ; T2 = RB + 2% Phytobiotics.; T3= RB+0.25 g Lactobacillus sp.+ 2% Phytobiotics and T4= RB + 0.5 g Lactobacillus sp.+ 2% Phytobiotics. The research parameters measured included fat digestibility, the relative weight of abdominal fat, meat fat content, and carcass percentage. The data were analyzed for variance at the 5% significance level, followed by Duncan's multiple area tests with a 5% significance level. The results showed that the addition of phytobiotics combined with Lactobacillus sp. had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the decrease in fat digestibility and fat content of meat but no significant effect (P>0.05) on the relative weight of abdominal fat and carcass percentage. The addition of 2% phytobiotics combined with 0.50 g of Lactobacillus sp. can reduce turkey meat's fat digestibility and fat content but does not increase the relative weight of abdominal fat and carcass percentage.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan fitobiotik yang berasal dari kulit bawang merah, bawang putih dan daun salam yang dikombinasikan dengan bakteri Lactobacilus sp. dalam ransum kalkun terhadap deposisi lemak dan presentase karkas. Ternak percobaan yang digunakan yaitu kalkun sebanyak 80 ekor unsex dengan umur 3 bulan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 kelompok berdasarkan bobot badan, setiap kelompok berisi 4 ekor kalkun. Kelompok dibagi berdasarkan bobot badan yaitu K1 (400-550 g); K2 (551-700 g); K3 (701-850 g) dan K4 (851-1000 g). Perlakuan yang diterapkan yaitu T0= Ransum basal/RB ; T1=RB + 0,25 g Lactobacillus sp. ; T2 = RB + 2% Fitobiotik.; T3= RB+0,25 g Lactobacillus sp. + 2% Fitobiotik dan T4= RB + 0,5 g Lactobacillus sp. + 2% Fitobiotik. Parameter penelitian yang diukur meliputi kecernaan lemak, bobot relatif lemak abdominal, kadar lemak daging dan presentase karkas. Data dianalisis ragam pada taraf signifikasi 5% dilanjutkan dengan uji wilayah ganda Duncan dengan taraf signifikasi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan fitobiotik yang dikombinasikan dengan Lactobacillus sp. berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap penurunan kecernaan lemak dan kadar lemak daging, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap bobot relatif lemak abdominal dan presentase karkas. Simpulan penelitian yaitu penambahan 2% fitobiotik yang dikombinasikan dengan 0,50 g Lactobacillus sp. dapat menurunkan kecernaan lemak dan kadar lemak daging kalkun tetapi tidak meningkatkan bobot relatif lemak abdominal dan presentase karkas
KAJIAN SIFAT FISIKA KIMIA TANAH INCEPTISOL DI BERBAGAI KELERENGAN DAN KEDALAMAN TANAH PADA AREAL PERTANAMAN KAKAO
No full textThis study aims to examine some of the physical and chemical characteristics of the inceptisol soil on various slopes and soil depths in the cocoa planting area. The method used in this research is descriptive method by conducting surveys and taking soil samples based on land position, namely slopes of 3%, 15%, and 40% at depths of 0-25 cm and 25-50 cm, respectively. The results showed that the soil texture on all slopes and soil depths was clay texture. The percentage of clay in the upper layer (0-25 cm) was higher than that in the lower layer (25-50 cm) on the 3 and 40% slopes, while on the 15% slope the opposite occurred. The pH value of each slope and depth ranges from 4.52-5.35 with acid criteria. Bulk density on the slope of 3% and 40% on the top layer (0-25 cm) is lower than the bottom layer (25-50 cm), except for the 15% slope. The bulk density of the top and bottom layers is in the same range. Porosity and soil permeability decrease with the slope height both at the top soil depth (0-25 cm) and at the bottom depth (25-50 cm). Organic C, total N, available P and available K of each slope (3%, 15%, and 40%) decreased from the upper layer (0-25 cm) to the lower layer (25 50 cm).This study aims to examine some of the physical, chemical, and soil characteristics of Inceptisols at various slopes and soil depths in the cocoa plantation area. This research was carried out in Papalang District, Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi and took place from October to December 2018.
The method used in this study is a descriptive method by conducting surveys and taking soil samples based on the position of the land, namely slopes of 3%, 15%, and 40% at depths of 0-25 cm and 25-50 cm, respectively.
The results showed that the soil texture on all slopes and depths of the soil was clay texture. The percentage of clay in the upper layer (0-25 cm) was higher than the lower layer (25-50 cm) on slopes 3 and 40%, while on a slope of 15% the opposite occurred. The pH value of each slope and depth ranged from 4.52 to 5.35 with acid criteria. The bulk density on the slope of 3% and 40% on the top layer (0-25 cm) is lower than the bottom layer (25-50 cm), except for the 15% slope, the bulk density on the top and bottom layers is in the same range. Soil porosity and permeability decreased with the height of the slope, both at the top soil depth (0-25 cm) and at the bottom depth (25-50 cm). Organic C-, N-total, P-available and K-available from each slope (3%, 15% and 40%) decreased from the top layer (0 – 25 cm) to the bottom layer (25 – 50 cm
Pemanfaatan Pupuk Organik Plus Batubara (Baraplus) pada Beberapa Varietas Jagung Manis di Lahan Ultisol
No full textUltisol as agricultural land has low fertility which is characterized by pH, cation exchange capacity, nutrient availability, and very low organic matter content, thus inhibiting plant growth and production. To overcome the low productivity of these ultisols, it is necessary to improve soil fertility, which includes improving the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. Soil fertility can be improved by using organic fertility plus coal (baraplus) which contains nutrients N, P, K, and micronutrients as well as using high-yielding varieties. This research was conducted in Sukarame sub-district, Palembang city starting from October to December 2018. Research method using field experiment method. Lay out the chart in the field using a spit plot with 9 treatment combinations repeated 3 times. The main plot, namely the types of varieties: bonanza, sweet boy, master sweet. As sub-plot, namely the dose of organic fertilizer plus: 500kg/ha, 1000 kg/ha, 1500 kg/ha. The results showed that the treatment with a dose of organic fertilizer plus 1500 kg/ha with the master sweet variety resulted in the highest production of 8.42 kg/plot or the equivalent of 22.45 tons/ha.Ultisol sebagai lahan pertanian mempunyai tingkat kesuburan rendah yang dicirikan pH, KTK, ketersediaan hara, serta kandungan bahan organik sangat rendah sehingga menghambat pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman. Untuk mengatasi produktivitas yang rendah pada ultisol tersebut, perlu dilakukan usaha perbaikan kesuburan tanah yang meliputi perbaikan sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah.Kesuburan tanah dapat diperbaiki dengan menggunakan pupuk organik plus batubara (baraplus) yang mengandung unsur hara N, P, K dan unsur hara mikro serta menggunakan varietas unggul. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Sukarami Kota Palembang di mulai pada bulan Oktober sampai bulan Desember 2018. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode eksprimen lapangan.Bagan tata letak di lapangan menggunakan Split Plot dengan 9 kombinasi perlakuan yang diulang 3 kali. Sebagai Petak Utama yaitu Jenis Varietas: Bonanza, Sweet Boy, Master Sweet. Sebagai Anak Petak yaitu Takaran Pupuk Organik Plus: 500 kg/ha, 1000 kg/ha, 1500 kg/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan takaran pupuk organik plus 1500 kg/ha dengan varietas master sweet menghasilakan produksi tertinggi sebesar 8,42 kg/petak atau setara 22,45 ton/ha
PERBANDINGAN KANDUNGAN HORMON ENDOGENOUS PADA BEBERAPA TANAMAN
No full textIndonesia's flora germplasm diversity can be used as a potential source of natural growth regulators. The study's goal was to compare the auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin content of various horticultural plant extracts: onion tubers (Allium ascalonicum), a banana weevil (Musa x paradisiaca), Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera), sweet corn seeds (Zea mays), and green bean sprouts (Vigna radiata). The research was carried out at Jenderal Sudirman University's Research Laboratory from June 2019 to February 2020. The sample was prepared in the Chemical Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture's Postharvest Center in Bogor for analysis of auxin (IAA/Indole Acetic Acid), cytokinins (kinetin and zeatin), and gibberellins (GA3/ Gibberellic Acid). RAL (Completely Randomized Design) was used as the experimental design. The F test and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were used to further examine the data. Endogenous hormone content was determined in five ingredients: shallot bulbs (Allium ascalonicum), banana hump (Musa x paradisiaca), Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera), sweet corn seeds (Zea mays), and green bean sprouts (Vigna radiata). Moringa leaves had the highest IAA content, 662.17 ppm, according to the findings. Similarly, the highest kinetin content was found in banana weevil and Moringa leaves, with 178.82 ppm and 161.37 ppm, respectively. Shallot bulbs had the highest GA3 content, at 594.12 ppm. This demonstrates that the four plant types can be used as sources of plant hormones.Keanekaragamaan plasma nutfah flora di Indonesia dapat digunakan sebagai sumber potensial zat pengatur tumbuh alami. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui perbedaan kandungan auksin, sitokinin, dan giberelin berbagai ekstrak bahan organik: umbi bawang merah, (Allium ascalonicum), bonggol pisang (Musa x paradisiaca), daun kelor (Moringa oleifera), biji jagung manis (Zea mays), dan kecambah kacang hijau (Vigna radiata). Penelitian dilakukan pada Juni 2019 sampai Februari 2020 di Laboratorium riset, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman untuk preparasi sampel dan Laboratorium kimia, Balai Besar Pascapanen, Kementerian Pertanian, Bogor untuk analisis kandungan auksin (IAA/Indole Acetid Acid), sitokinin (kinetin dan zeatin), dan giberelin (GA3/ Gibberellic Acid). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Data dianalisis dengan uji F dan uji lanjut Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Lima bahan yang dianalisis kandungan hormon endogenous yaitu umbi bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum), bonggol pisang (Musa x paradisiaca), daun kelor (Moringa oleifera), biji jagung manis (Zea mays), dan kecambah kacang hijau (Vigna radiata). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daun kelor mempunyai kandungan IAA yang paling tinggi 662,17 ppm diikuti bawang merah 251,76 ppm; kecambah kacang hijau 227,37 ppm; bonggol pisang 94,20 ppm; dan biji jagung 62,20 ppm. Bonggol pisang dan daun kelor mempunyai kandungan kinetin terbanyak 178,82 ppm dan 161,37 ppm diikuti biji jagung 128,25 ppm; kecambah kacang hijau 125 ppm; dan umbi bawang merah 75,54 ppm. Kandungan zeatin terbanyak dalam bonggol pisang 138,53 ppm diikuti kecambah kacang hijau 95,45 ppm; daun kelor 66,5 ppm; biji jagung 45,76 ppm, dan umbi bawang merah 23,77 ppm. Kandungan GA3 terbanyak terdapat pada umbi bawang merah 594,12 ppm; diikuti daun kelor 417,88 ppm; kecambah kacang hijau 371,56 ppm; biji jagung manis 269,75 ppm; dan bonggol pisang 104,12 ppm
POTENSI PEMANFAATAN GOSSE SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK ITIK DI DESA TELLUMPANUA KAB. BARRU BERBASIS DATA CITRA
No full textThe duck livestock business is one of the business branches in the livestock sector which is now widely cultivated by the community. Especially in South Sulawesi, duck farming has increased over the last 5 years. This happened because the duck culinary business increased along with the increasing demand and purchasing power of the people. In the aspect of duck farming, the feed factor is one of the problems faced by farmers because the proportion of financing can reach 60-80%. To overcome this, one solution that can be done is to utilize locally available feed ingredients sustainably. Gosse (Ceratophyllum sp) is one type of aquatic plant which if its production is excessive in ponds, can harm the growth of milkfish and shrimp. Its potential is so great, that it is considered very worthy of research. This study aims to determine the potential of Gosse as feed for ducks based on the production of fresh material, dry matter, and carrying capacity based on Geographic Information System (GIS) data. The research method applied includes 4 stages, namely Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis, analysis of fresh and dry matter production, nutritional quality analysis, and production conversion to calculate carrying capacity. The results showed that the production of fresh matter reached 74.7 tons/ha/year and the production of the dry matter reached 4,482 tons/ha/year. The production of gosse in Tellumpanua Village in total reached 1,157.09 tons/year in a fresh state and 70.3674 tons//year in a dry state. Based on these data, the carrying capacity of gosse at 30%, 50%, and 70% use respectively is 270, 162, and 115 head/ha/year or 4239, 2543, and 1805 head/year.Usaha ternak itik merupakan salah satu cabang usaha dalam sektor peternakan yang kini banyak digeluti oleh masyarakat. Khusus di Sulawesi selatan, usaha ternak itik jenis pedaging mengalami peningkatan selama kurun waktu 5 tahun terakhir. Hal tersebut terjadi karena usaha kuliner itik meningkat seiring dengan permintaan dan daya beli masyarakat yang juga ikut meningkat. Dalam aspek budidaya ternak itik, faktor pakan menjadi salah satu persoalan yang dihadapi oleh peternak karena proporsi pembiayaannya dapat mencapai 60-80%. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut maka salah satu solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah memanfaatkan bahan pakan lokal yang tersedia secara berkelanjutan. Gosse (Ceratophyllum sp) adalah salah satu jenis tanaman air yang jika produksinya berlebih di tambak maka dapat memberikan dampak negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ikan bandeng dan udang. Potensinya yang bergitu besar, dinilai sangat layak untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi gosse sebagai pakan ternak itik berdasarkan produksi bahan segar, bahan kering, daya dukung yang berbasis data Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Metode penelitian yang diterapkan meliputi 4 tahap yaitu: Analisis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG), Analisis Produksi Bahan Segar dan Bahan Kering, Analisis Kualitas Nutrisi, dan Konversi Produksi untuk menghitung daya dukung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Produksi bahan segar mencapai 74,7 ton / Ha / Tahun dan produksi bahan kering mencapai 4,482 ton / Ha / Tahun. Adapun produksi gosse di Desa Tellumpanua secara total mencapai1.157,09 ton/Tahun dalam keadaan segar dan 70,3674 ton//tahun. Berdasarkan data tersebut maka daya dukung gosse pada penggunaan 30%, 50%, dan 70% secara berurutan adalah 270, 162, dan 115 ekor/Ha/Tahun atau 4239, 2543 dan 1805 ekor/tahun
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK COKELAT MILK PADA UMKM CV XY DI KOTA MAKASSAR
No full textThe research aims to analyze chocolate milk's income and product development at CV XY UMKM in Makassar City. The method used in this research is the case study method so that all leaders and employees are taken as respondents. Data collection consisted of observations and interviews with the management and employees of CV XY Business to collect primary data. Data analysis comprised organoleptic tests, financial analysis, production cost analysis, income analysis, B/C ratio analysis, and BEP analysis. The results showed that the level of acceptance of the color of milk chocolate reached 47.5% (liked it), 42.5% (liked it for texture), 30.0% for its taste (liked it very much), and 45.0% for its aroma (liked it). CV XY has produced three types of chocolate products, namely Assorted Flavor Chocolate (jar packaging and mica packaging) and chocolate bars, with a total revenue per month of IDR 32,800,000 each, with a total cost of IDR 26,292,506 and revenue of IDR 6,507,494. Chocolate milk, a development product, requires a total cost of Rp. 2,375,000.-. This amount produces 75 milk chocolate products with a net weight of 100 grams and a price of IDR 31,680/100 g. BEP value of each product per unit and BEP rupiah. Assorted-flavored chocolate in jar packaging has a BEP value of 168 units and IDR 8,416,731. Assorted-flavored chocolate with mica packaging has a BEP value of 168 units and IDR 8,398,108. As the chocolate bar has a BEP value of 45 or IDR 1,561,887, it can be said that CV XY has produced above the Break Even Point value. For product development, namely chocolate milk, CV. For XY to reach the break-even point, it must produce and sell at least 60 units of chocolate milk products or obtain sales proceeds of IDR 4,227,700.-Tujuan Penelitian untuk menganalisis pendapatan dan pengembangan produk cokelat milk pada UMKM CV XY dI Kota Makassar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi kasus., sehingga mengambil seluruh karyawan sebagai responden yang terdiri dari pimpinan dan karyawan CV XY. Metode Pengumpulan Data terdiri atas Observasi dan Wawancara dengan pimpinan dan karyawan Usaha CV XY untuk mengumpulkan data primer. Metode Analisis Data, Analisis Deskriptif : Uji Organoleptik, Analisis Finansial, Analisis Biaya produksi, Analisis pendapatan, Analisis B/C ratio, Analisis BEP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa, tingkat penerimaan terhadap warna coklat susu mencapai 47,5% (suka), tekstur 42,5% (suka), rasa 30 (sangat suka) dan aroma 45,0% (suka). CV XY telah memproduksi tiga jenis produk cokelat yakni Cokelat Aneka Rasa (kemasan Toples), Cokelat aneka rasa (kemasan mika), dan cokelat bar dengan total penerimaan per bulan Rp. 32.800.000, dengan total biaya sebesar Rp. 26.292.506, Pendapatan Rp. 6.507.494.Cokelat milk yang merupakan produk pengembangan, total biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk pembuatan cokelat milk adalah Rp. 2.375.000,-. Jumlah tersebut akan menghasilkan 75 buah produk cokelat milk dengan berat bersih 100 gram. Dengan nilai produk cokelat milk 100 gram adalah Rp. 31.680,-.Nilai BEP masing-masing produk per unit maupun BEP rupiah. Cokelat Aneka rasa dengan kemasan toples memiliki nilai BEP sebesar 168 unit dan Rp. 8.416.731. Cokelat Aneka rasa dengan kemasan mika memiliki nilai BEP sebesar 168 unit dan Rp. 8.398.108, Sedangkan untuk cokelat bar, memiliki nilai BEP sebesar 45 atau Rp. 1.561.887, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa CV XY telah memproduksi diatas nilai Break Even Point. Untuk produk pengembangan yakni cokelat milk, CV. XY agar dapat mencapai titik impas, maka harus memproduksi dan menjual produk cokelat milk paling sedikit 60 unit atau memperoleh hasil penjualan sebesar Rp. 4.227.700,-.
OPTIMALISASI USAHA TANAMAN HIAS DENGAN KENDALA FAKTOR PRODUKSI
No full textThe ornamental plant business in West Pentadio Village, Telaga Biru District, Gorontalo Regency, has excellent opportunities. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for ornamental plant business with production factor constraints. The data collection method used the Purposive Sampling method with samples selected based on the most produced plants. The sample in this study was the Wawan Bunga ornamental plant business in Pentadio Village. Research data were analyzed quantitatively descriptively using Linear Programming. The research results show that this ornamental plant business could be more optimal. The optimal income of IDR 11,242,000 is greater than the actual income, which is only IDR 10,455,000. The remaining land of 0.02047 Ha and capital of IDR 1,415,000 has not been used optimally. The use of labor in May, June, November, and December amounted to 21 HOK, which exceeded the NRK limit. As well as for interest X1, X6, X8, and X10 can affect the optimal income of Rp. 2,808,000, Rp. 5,024,000, Rp. 2,908,000 and Rp. 2,400,000, which has a sizeable Reduced Cost value.Usaha tanaman hias Wawan Bunga yang berlokasi di Kelurahan Pentadio Barat Kecamatan Telaga Biru Kabupaten Gorontalo memiliki peluang yang sangat baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi optimal usaha tanaman hias dengan kendala faktor produksi. Data yang digunakan adalah Data Primer dan Data Sekunder. Data primer diperoleh secara langsung melalui wawancara kepada petani usaha tanaman hias dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Data sekunder diperoleh dari studi literatur dan instansi terkait serta penelitian sebelumnya. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode Purposive Sampling dengan tujuan sampel dipilih berdasarkan tanaman yang paling banyak diproduksi. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan analisis data kuantitatif deskriptif dan menggunakan Linear Programming. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa usaha tanaman hias Wawan Bunga belum optimal. Pendapatan optimal Rp 11.242.000 lebih besar dibandingkan pendapatan aktual yang hanya Rp 10.455.000. Terdapat sisa lahan 0,02047 Hektar dan modal Rp 1.415.000 yang belum dimaanfaatkan secara optimal. Adanya pengunaan tenaga kerja pada bulan Mei, Juni, November, Desember sebesar 21 HOK yang melebihi batas NRK. Serta untuk bunga X1, X6 , X8, dan X10 dapat mempengaruhi pendapatan optimal sebesar Rp 2.808.000 , Rp 5.024.000, Rp 2.908.000 dan Rp 2.400.000 karena memiliki nilai Reduced Cost besar.
Perilaku Keuangan dan Kinerja Usahatani Sayuran di Kota Pontianak
No full textAs farm managers, farmers must apply financial behavior to ensure that their farms achieve good agricultural performance. Farmers in the city of Pontianak mainly grow horticultural products, especially vegetables. Therefore, the aims of this research are to determine the financial behavior level and vegetable cultivation performance level of farmers in Pontianak City, farmers' financial behavior affects the performance of vegetable farming in Pontianak City, and formulate efforts to improve the financial behavior of vegetable farmers. This study was conducted in the North Pontianak area of Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, with 90 farmers as respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive, SEM-PLS with SmartPLS 3.0 tools and qualitative. According to data analysis, the financial behavior of vegetable growers in North Pontianak is classified as poor, and vegetable cultivation in North Pontianak is classified as poor. Additionally, the financial behavior of vegetable farmers in the North Pontianak region has a positive and significant impact on agricultural performance. Pontianak City A formalized effort to improve the financial behavior of vegetable farmers in the North Pontianak District is to provide socialization, training, mentoring, and strengthening with regard to financial reporting, particularly good financial management for growing vegetables
COMPARISON OF THE QUALITY OF COCOA SEED FERMENTATION WITH THE ADDITION OF MIXED CULTURE AND SINGLE CULTURE OF Lactobacillus plantarum
No full textThe cocoa bean fermentation process is carried out to improve the quality of cocoa beans as industrial raw materials such as the formation of aroma, color, flavor and can increase the selling value. This study aims to examine the quality of the results of the addition of mixed culture and single culture Lactobacillus plantarum and determine the best quality of fermented cocoa beans with the addition of mixed culture and single culture Lactobacillus plantarum. The cocoa beans used for fermentation were RCC clones from Nglanggeran, Gunung Kidul. This study used a randomized block design (RAK) with different concentrations of yeast and bacteria, namely: single culture 5%, 10%, 15% and mixed culture 5%, 10%, 15% with a long fermentation time for 6 days. Cocoa beans without yeast and bacteria inoculum were used as controls. The single culture and the mixed culture used influenced the different results. The best treatment using a single culture was a single culture of 10%, while the treatment with the addition of mixed cultures was a mixed culture of 10%. The results of the research analysis of some of the best parameters as follows: 37.85?C temperature measurement; pH 5.37; yield 31,369; seeds 100 grams 76.25; water content 7.848%; lactic acid 0.1125%; acetic acid 0.281%; reducing sugar 5.1065; total fat 50.70%; and cut test organoleptic test the preferred treatment by the panelists was Mixed Culture 5%.The cocoa bean fermentation process is carried out to improve the quality of cocoa beans as industrial raw materials such as the formation of aroma, color, flavor and can increase the selling value. This study aims to examine the quality of the results of the addition of mixed culture and single culture Lactobacillus plantarum and determine the best quality of fermented cocoa beans with the addition of mixed culture and single culture Lactobacillus plantarum. This study used a randomized block design (RAK) with different concentrations of yeast and bacteria, namely: single culture 5%, 10%, 15% and mixed culture 5%, 10%, 15% with a long fermentation time for 6 days. Cocoa beans without yeast and bacteria inoculum were used as controls. The results showed that the use of 2 types of culture such as temperature measurement 37.85?C; pH 5.37; yield 31,369; seeds 100 grams 76.25; water content 7.848%; lactic acid 0.1125%; acetic acid 0.281%; reducing sugar 5.1065; total fat 50.70%; test test cut 98% and organoleptic treatment preferred by the panelists is mixed culture 5%
Aplikasi Pemberian Ekstrak Bawang Merah (Allium Cepa L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Batang Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.)
No full textAquilaria malaccensis Lam. is a gaharu-producing plant with excellent quality and high social, cultural, and economic values. Gaharu is one of the non-timber forest products with many uses, namely as a raw material for medicines, cosmetics, perfumes, incense, and preservative accessories. Gaharu is quite rare, although its cultivation can be done generatively or vegetatively. In connection with cultivation activities, quality agarwood seeds are needed. One way to do this is by giving Growth Regulatory Substances (ZPT). This study aims to determine the effect of different concentrations of shallot extract on the growth of gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam) stem cuttings. This study was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications, and each treatment used 5 stem cuttings. The treatment consisted of ZPT from shallots which consisted of 5 concentrations, namely: without ZPT, concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and a 5% BNT test was performed. The concentration of shallot extract significantly affected the growth of stem cuttings of Aquilaria malaccensis Lam, best at a concentration of 40%.
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan konsentrasi dan menghasilkan pertumbuhan stek batang Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.paling baik. Metode yang digunaka metode eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, setiap percobaan membutuhkan 5 stek batang. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 75 stek batang. Perlakuan yang diberikan ZPT asal bawang merah terdiri dari 5 konsentrasi yaitu: Z0 : tanpa perlakuan/ 0 %, Z1 : ZPT bawang merah 10 %, Z2 : ZPT bawang merah 20 %, Z3 : ZPT bawang merah 30 %r, Z4 : ZPT bawang merah 40 %. Data diperoleh jumlah tunas, daun, panjang daun, dan lebar daun diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam , apabila berpengaruh nyata dilakukan uji lanjut menggunakan uji BNT 5 %. Bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak bawang merah terhadap pertumbuhan stek batang Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. berpengaruh sangat nyata pada perlakuan Z4 terhadap tunas, jumlah daun, dan panjang daun dengan konsentrasi paling baik 40 %. Rata-rata tertinggi pada jumlah tunas tanaman gaharu terdapat pada umur 21 HST pada perlakuan Z4 (40% ekstrak bawang merah) dengan jumlah tunas mencapai 0,8 tunas,sedangkan rata-rata terendah padah jumlah tunas gaharu terdapat pada umur 14 HST dengan perlakuan Z0, Z1 dan perlakuan Z2 tidak bertunas. Rata-rata tertinggi pada jumlah daun tanaman gaharu terdapat pada umur 77 HST pada perlakuan Z4 (40% ekstrak bawang merah) dengan jumlah daun mencapai 6,06 helai,sedangkan rata-rata terendah padah jumlah daun gaharu terdapat pada umur 28 HST dengan perlakuan Z0 , Z1 dan perlakuan Z2 yang tidak memiliki daun. Rata-rata pertumbuhan panjang daun yaitu 5,27 pada perlakuan Z4. Rata-rata tertinggi pada lebar daun tanaman gaharu terdapat pada umur 77 HST pada perlakuan Z4 (40% ekstrak bawang merah) dengan lebar daun mencapai 1,2 cm ,sedangkan rata-rata terendah padah lebar daun gaharu terdapat pada umur 28 HST dengan perlakuan Z0, Z1 dan perlakuan Z2 yang tidak memiliki daun