Market Forces (Journal of Management, Business and Economics, College of Management Science, PAF-KIET)
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Trade Openness, Public Sector Corruption, and Environment: Data Analysis for Asian Developing Countries
Get PDFThis study used panel OLS, fixed and random effects models to check the effect of trade openness and public sector corruption on the environment. Government effectiveness has been used as a measure of public sector corruption. CO2 and methane gas emissions are used as the measure of environmental degradation. Different specification tests, such as F-test andHausman specification test are used to make selection among ordinary least square, fixed effect and random effect model. Random effect model seems best to handle such a situation.In this study the random effect framework is the preferred model, but this study also presents the results from the fixed effects model for comparison purpose. The results of the random effect model are the main finding of this study which concluded that there is negative and significant effect of trade openness, government effectiveness on both CO2 and methane gasemissions. In this way the world trade openness has also brought to the fore the importance of regulation of government policies towards openness because results has already warned that government effectiveness is volatile and is expected to become more tense thus the strategy needs to identify aspects of government corruption which are hurting economies.Keywords: Environmental Pollution, Fixed and Random Effects Model, Openness to Trade, Public Sector Corruption, Pooled OLS
Absenteeism and Turnover: Alpha Battery Ltd
Get PDFAlpha Battery Ltd (ABL), automotive battery manufacturer located in SITE, Karachi is one of the largest manufacturers in Pakistan. Turnover of employees has been one of the problems the company had to tackle. This problem was compounded by its close proximity to disturbed localities of Karachi and adverse working conditions of the manufacturing premises. The turnover was further aggravated by the ethnic composition of the labor class, since the inherent characteristics of the work force is an important consideration while hiring the laborers.The management of ABL was able to solve this problem by identifying the root cause of the turnover by a series of organizational development measures comprising of changing the composition of the workforce, reducing the shift timings and providing incentives to the work force. These measures led to improvement in level of job satisfaction of the working class which eventually controlled the turnover problem.Keywords: Automotive Battery Manufacturer, Adverse Working Conditions, Composition of Work Force, HR Initiatives, Turnover
Capitalist-Driven Versus Driving Capitalism: Understanding Reterritorialization of Capitalism and Deterritorialization of Revisionism
Get PDFThis paper examines revisionist interpretation of capitalism in postcolonial Pakistan from the philosophical glasses of an eminent late twentieth century French Post-Structuralist Gilles Deleuze. Capitalist machine, Deleuze argues, is the only machine in history that deterritorializes the existing codes and then reterritorializes them with capital. It implies that capitalism extracts profit from all existing forms of life. Using Deleuze’s elaboration of reterritorializingcapitalism, I will critique Muslim revisionists defending capitalism to be consistent with Islamic law or using capitalism for advancing Islam.Key Words: Capitalism, Deterritorialization/Reterritorialization, Axiomatics, Codes, Revisionism, South Asian Islam
WOMEN IN PAKISTAN: HISTORICAL PROBLEMS OF PARTICIPATION IN LEGISLATION
No full textAbstractWomen have historically been an integral part of decision making in politics in South Asia, and throughout the formative years of Pakistan's history, from 1947 onwards. Despite this, the representation of women in the political arenas has been abysmal. This paper aims to look at the participation of women historically in Pakistan, and understand the problems that are hampering the progress of women representatives in the legislative assemblies of Pakistan. This problem can be broken down into two parts, i.e. the marginalization of women in society; reflected in the low literacy rate for women, and the lack of interest of political leaders in increasing women's participation in the politics
WOMEN IN PAKISTAN: HISTORICAL PROBLEMS OF PARTICIPATION IN LEGISLATION
No full textWomen have historically been an integral part of decision making in politics in South Asia, and throughout the formative years of Pakistan's history, from 1947 onwards. Despite this, the representation of women in the political arenas has been abysmal. This paper aims to look at the participation of women historically in Pakistan, and understand the problems that are hampering the progress of women representatives in the legislative assemblies of Pakistan. This problem can be broken down into two parts, i.e. the marginalization of women in society, reflected in the low literacy rate for women, and the lack of interest of political leaders in increasing women's participation in the politics
Challenges of Quality Higher Education in Bangladesh A Study on Public Universities
No full textAbstractThe study addresses the challenges of quality higher education in public universities of Bangladesh considering teaching aids, library facilities, availability of books and journals, research facilities, and laboratory facilities as independent variables and quality of higher education as dependent variable. Data has been collected through semi-structured questionnaire/ interview schedule from two main stakeholders of higher education- teachers and students. The study demonstrates that insufficiency of key elements is the main challenge of quality higher education in public universities of Bangladesh. Budgetary provision and utilization of the same are two major limiting factors to enhance those facilities.Keywords: Higher Education, Public University, Budgetary Provision, Likert-type scale
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE COMPARISON OF BOYS AND GIRLS SCHOOLING AND DROP-OUTS FOR CLASS I IN PUBLIC SECTOR SCHOOLS OF SINDH, PAKISTAN
No full textA number of children of age 4 years, are being admitted in every year in deferent schools of Sindh Province, in which adequate number of students enrolled in class - I and there after dropped out silently in the next class-II due to various reasons, consequently a tendency of schooling/ Drop-out in both the genders is arising. In this connection a Mathematical Model is being developed to illustrate the effect of Schooling and Drop out trend in the students at initial stage. More over, reasons for Drop-out at early stage are also explored with indicating the remedial action to prevent the leaving of school at Primary level
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR SEEEKING OF AN OPTIMAL PATH
No full textNazimabad Chest Hospital (0Jha) is the well known Hospital for the best treatment of T.B patients among other three Hospitals in Karachi. This hospital is Located within the premises of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Nazimabad No. 3 Karachi, and has modern equipment and qualified stay for treatment of TB patients. The patients have to visit the Hospital periodically in between one to four or snore weeks, from their homes/ residence. They uses different routes to reach the destination, since the hospital has different approaches therefore the patients living Malir Cantt, North Karachi, Gulshan-e-iqbal etc areas need a path/ route which is to be shortest and take less time and subsequently reduce the transportation charges. In order to facilitate and to address their difficulties an effort is being made to find out the shortest path. A mathematical model with the help of Fl yd's algorithm is being developed to achieve the desired objective.Keywords: Floyd algorithm, Node 1 -Malir Cantt, Node 5- Nazimabad Chest Hospital Karachi (OHJA) (at Abbasi Shaheed hospital) Permanent label, Backtrackin
Critical Factors Determining Innovative Activities in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
No full textAbstract Technological progress through research and development (R&D) activities has been widely recognized as a key factor contributing to the overall growth of the economy. At the firm level R&D activities can be seen as a strategic tool for the firm to gain competitive advantage in the market. The literature of industrial organization considers R&D activities as an important conduct variable which shapes the structure of the market and performance of the firm. The decision to invest in R&D activities is crucial one and it competes with other investments. In pharmaceutical industry, the role of R&D is even more important as the market is highly competitive and well protected by patent laws. Using Tobit model this paper explores the critical factors that affect the decision to go for R&D activities in Indian pharmaceutical industry. The results shows that import intensity, royalty, profitability and advertisement play an important role in deciding on R&D intensity of the firm. Affiliation to group or business houses is not a significant factor with respect to R&D Intensity. Keywords: Research and Development, Market, Pharmaceutical Industry