Market Forces (Journal of Management, Business and Economics, College of Management Science, PAF-KIET)
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A Study on Pygmalion Effect: A Case of Academic Training in a Military Unit
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of leaders' expectations and behavior on subordinates' performance in order to validate the theory of Pygmalion effect in a training unit of Pakistan Air Force. For this research, questionnaires have been adopted from the study of (Hsu, et al., 2009). These questionnaires include three variables namely: Perceived Behavior of Leader (independent variable), Performance of Subordinate (dependent variable) and Self-Efficacy (mediating variable). The trainers of a PAF training unit are the leaders and the Junior Commissioned Officers (JCOs) trainees are the subordinates. The questionnaires of Perceived Behavior of Leader and Self-Efficacy have been filled by 150 subordinates while the questionnaire on their Performance has been filled by the leaders. The questionnaire has shown high internal consistency. The findings also provide support for the basic relationship proposed in the traditional Pygmalion model. Results have suggested that when the trainers have been supportive, collaborative, resourceful and encouraging then the trainees have shown high self-belief resulting in high performance. The results support the notion that leaders trigger the sense making of the subordinates which is required for better performance. The study has been conducted in a military environment; therefore, the results of this study may vary in an open environment like universities and colleges. The results are limited to JCOs only, however the same study can provide different perspective for PAF Officer or military personnel of sister services. The results can be helpful to the authorities in acting more precisely to increasing the performance of the trainees through Pygmalion effect. The study can provide a basis for future research in the field of military training. Keywords: Pygmalion Effect, Self Efficacy, Perceived Behavior of Leader, Junior Commissioned Officers, Pakistan Air Force
WORKSHOP ON PRACTICAL ASPECTS AND APPLICATION OF ISLAMIC BANKING
Get PDFA comprehensive two days workshop on “Operations of Islamic Banks “was organized by PAF- Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology in August 2005 in collaboration with M/s. Business Solutions. 22 financial executives attended the workshop from leading financial institutions of Pakistan. Sponsored by the National Bank of Pakistan, it was widely covered by both electronic and print media. Mr. Amim Akhter, Executive Vice President, National Bank of Pakistan inaugurated the workshop. While the closing session was presided over by Mr. Shafqaat Ahmed, Country Manager, Al-Baraka Islamic Bank in Pakistan
Factors of Consumer Choice of SmartPhones – A Study on Brand Image and Brand Features
Get PDFThe research is aimed at exploring the factors and attributes of a smartphone that influence consumers to opt fora particular brand from amongst a wide variety of smartphones along with the investigation of consumer behavior towards those factors and attributes. For this research two factors have been selected which include; the brand image and the brand features. The basic interest of the researcher in this study is to look into the significance of the factors and attributes that are perceived as important by the consumers when they think of purchasing a smartphone. A structured questionnaire was used for the data collection purpose. Data was collected from 300 respondents residing in various areas of Karachi. The research findings revealed that the consumers give preference to brand image over features of a smartphone. Consumers see a smartphone as a part of their personality that enhances their status and self-image in their own eyes as well as in the eyes of their peers.Keywords: Brand Image, Brand Features, Consumer Choice, Consumer Preference
Characteristics of Interest Rate Swap End-User Commercial Banks: Evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFThe research empirically investigates the characteristics of interest rate swap end-user commercial banks in Pakistan. Since 2003, financially engineered products are actively been pursued by the banks as a risk management and mitigating tool. There are prior studies on the determinants of the usage, the extent of usage of the interest rate and foreign exchange derivaties, but all have focused on the non financial and listed companies in Pakistan. This study fills the gap and extends the prior research to the unstudied banking sector, by exploring four end-user commercial banks to determine the characteristics of the banks using interest rate swaps for hedging risk - based on the notional value of interest rate swaps using cross sectional pooled data for nine years (2005 — 2013). The study has adapted the empirical model used by (Carter & Sinkey Jr., 1998). It involves the application of OLS regression technique to examine the relationship between the independent variables (size, capital adequacy, liquidity, dividends, intermediation profitability, joint risk management & exposure to interest rate risk and the dependent variable (interest rate swap usage). The findings indicate that interest rate swap usage is statistically significant for size, liquidity and coordinated risk management. The size variable is negatively related which implies that the usage of swap derivatives by end-us-ers banks in Pakistan is primarily a niche rather than a main line activity. For liquidity and joint risk management, the coefficients of interest rate swap usage are significant and positive relationship implying liquid banks make extensive usage of swaps to diversify risk exposure and these end-user banks in Pakistan practiced coordinated risk management because banks having more credit risks used more interest rate swaps.Keywords: Authorized Derivative Dealers; Interest Rate Swaps; End-User Banks; Hedging; Interest Rate Risks
Use of Employee Referral: Method of Recruitment at Lower Management in Pakistan
Get PDFThe purpose of the study is to determine the best recruitment sources at lower level positions in manufacturing industries in Pakistan. The informal recruiting sources results in less turnover, less absenteeism, more positive work attitudes, and possibly better performance than formal recruiting sources. A major reason determined for this effectiveness is that infor¬mal methods provides the potential candidate a realistic information about the organization, culture, job requirement and working conditions. This improves his performance and commitment towards the organization.The specific objectives of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of recruitment sources, advantages & disadvantages of internal versus external recruitment and the best source of recruitment at lower level. A position analysis questionnaire was designed to determine the popular sources of recruitment and evaluate the referral method of recruiting. The proposed/ target group of this research is 43 executives from recruitment department of nine manufac¬turing firms, e.g. Fertilizer, Oil and Gas, Pharmaceuticals, Power Generations, Foods and Elec¬tronics. The lower level positions in these industries included: clerical, secretarial, assistants and coordinators. Two hypotheses were developed; Employee referral is the most popular source of recruitment for lower level positions and employees hired through referrals have higher levels of tenure & low turnover at lower level positions in manufacturing industries in Pakistan. Statistical tests included Chi-Square Test to test hypotheses. After completing statis¬tical analysis, both hypotheses were accepted based on results
Deleuzian Critique of Freudian Conception of Desire
Get PDFThis research paper aims to explicate the Deleuzian criti que of Freudian concepti on of desire.Freud explains desire in terms of lack and privati on. He tends to determine the behavior of individual through fi ndings of suppressed unconscious desire. Freud contextualizes repressedsexual desire under the cover of Oedipus complex and clinical case studies. Deleuze disagreedwith the Freudian interpretati on of desire passing through Oedipus complex and clinical case studies. For Deleuze, Freud fabricates the illegiti mate connecti ons of desire by tagging the oedipal triangle and fi xed identi ti es. He says, Freudian psychoanalysis imprisons desire andblocks the producti ve nature of desiring fl ows. Deleuze att empts to de-sexualize and de-personalizedesire by exploring the nomadic, schizophrenic, producti ve and free-fl oati ng connections of desire. He believes upon the immanent functi on of desire rather than transcendent.Deleuze identi fi es fi ve paralogisms i.e. (invalid arguments) in the Freudian psychoanalysis.Deleuzian criti que seeks to liberate desire from closed family circle and identi ti es assigned by Freud
Perceived Organizational Justice, Perceived Organizational Support, and Employee Engagement in Rescue 1122 Employees
Get PDFThis research paper is aimed at investi gati ng the relati onship between Perceived Organizational Justi ce (POJ), Perceived Organizati onal Support (POS), and Employee Engagement (EE)in Rescue 1122 employees. It was hypothesized that Perceived Organizati onal Support waslikely to mediate the relati onship between Perceived Organizati onal Justi ce and Employee Engagementin Rescue 1122 employees. A sample of 75 operati onal rescue workers was selectedfrom diff erent rescue 1122 stati ons, with an age range of 20-40 years. Both married and unmarriedemployees were selected. Organizati onal Justi ce Percepti on Questi onnaire (Niehoff &Moorman, 1993), Survey of Perceived Organizati onal Support (Eisenberger, et al., 1986) andEmployee Engagement Scale (Saks, 2006) were used to measure Perceived Organizati onalJusti ce (POJ) Perceived Organizati onal Support (POS), and Employee Engagement, respecti vely.Correlati on analysis, path analysis using AMOS, independent samples t-test, and ANOVAwere carried out to analyze the data. Results revealed that there was a signifi cant relati onshipbetween Organizati onal Justi ce (POJ), Perceived Organizati onal Support (POS), and Employee Engagement. Moreover, Perceived Organizati onal Support parti ally mediated the relati onshipbetween Perceived Organizati onal Justi ce and Employee Engagement in Rescue 1122 employees.Comparisons were also made on the basis of demographic variables. Implicati ons alongwith limitati ons and suggesti ons are being discussed in the light of Western and Indigenous research
Measuring Reputational Risk: Market Reaction to Operational Loss Announcements in Pakistan
Get PDFIn this research, we strive to analyze whether operati onal loss announcements in mediahave any eff ect on the stock prices and what directi on the reacti on takes with respect to theannouncement ti mings. Reputati onal loss is interpreted as when the fi rm’s market price decreaseswhen loss amounts are announced in the media known as an occurrence of an event.The research is based on Pakistan’s banking industry and a sample of eight banks have beentaken for which event study analysis and paired sample t-tests have been employed. The resultsof the research concludes that however small, operati onal loss announcements do causea market reacti on
Social Media in Virtual Marketing: Antecedents to Electronic Word of Mouth Communication
Get PDFSocial media usage in the world and especially in Pakistan has a high growth due to which it (social media) has a potential of becoming an effective marketing tool. Despite its compar-atively low cost and significance, marketers are not effectively utilizing social media. Thus the aim of this study is to measure the influence (effect) of four social variables: social capital, trust, homophily and interpersonal influence on electronic word of mouth (eWOM) communi-cation. The sample size for the study is 300 and preselected enumerator's collected the data from the leading shopping malls of the city. Although the scales and measures adopted for this study have been earlier validated in oth-er countries, however the same were re-ascertained on the present set of data. After prelimi-nary analysis including normality and validity the overall model was tested through Structural Equation Model (SEM). This was carried out in two stages - initially CFA for all the constructs was ascertained which was followed by CFA of the overall model. Developed conceptual framework was empirically tested on the present set of data in Pa-kistan which adequately explained consumer attitudinal behavior towards electronic word of mouth (eWOM) communication. Three hypotheses failed to be rejected and one was rejected. Trust was found to be the strongest predictor of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) communi-cation, followed by homophily and social capital. Interpersonal influence has no relationship with electronic word of mouth (eWOM) communication. The results were consistent to earlier literature. Implication for markers was drawn from the results.Keywords: eWOM, social capital, trust, homophily and interpersonal influence, social medi