Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences
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Consumer preferences on milk market: evidence from Slovak Republic
Get PDFToday the issue of healthy nutrition is very popular among consumers. The main task of nutrition is to ensure sufficient intake of substances that are necessary for the proper functioning of the human organism. These substances are divided into two types: sugars, fats and proteins, which are the source of energy and minerals, vitamins and water, which are substances necessary for metabolic processes. We distinguish five main food categories, from which people can obtain these necessary substances: cereals, fruits, vegetables, proteins and last but not least milk. Milk is a white liquid secreted by female mammals for feeding, and which is used (mainly from cows) as human food. Milk is sometimes even called a "super-food", as it contains all the necessary ingredients mentioned above. Its most important component is calcium, which is a key building block of bones and teeth. Milk sugar called lactose, in turn, is involved in the construction of brain cells. Among other things, the milk also contains 87% of water, making it suitable for maintaining a daily drinking regime, unfortunately its consumption is in Slovak Republic insufficient, so the main objective of this paper was to evaluate consumer preferences on the milk market to understand our consumers better. Based on the results od marketing and neuromarketing research we can state that 76.98% of respondents puchase milk, milk expenses range from 11 to 20 € (42.06%), it is purchased mainly in hypermarkets and supermarkets (36.71%), admissible price per liter is on average 0.89 € and decide according to milk quality taste and durability
Comparison of antioxidant activity, content of polyphenols and flavonoids in liturgical and common wines
Get PDFThis article deals with the comparison of biologically active substances (antioxidant capacity, content of polyphenols and flavonoids) in samples of common and liturgical wines. For determination were chosen these varieties Pinot Noir, Red Traminer and Chardonnay. The total content of polyphenols and flavonoids were found by visible diode array spectrophotometer. For determination of total antioxidant capacity was used the DPPH test. Results of this paper did not prove a general difference between liturgical and common wines, although between individual samples a statistically significant difference was found. Furthermore, the results show considerably higher values of biologically active substances in red wines Pinot Noir against white wine Red Traminer and Chardonnay - the total antioxidant capacity was considerably in excess of values up to 30 times, the total content of polyphenols up to 50 times and the total content of flavonoids up to 50 times. From the content of biologically active substances point of view, the red wine is recommended for human health
The monitoring of biogenic amines in the raw food
Get PDFThe aim of this work was to evaluate microbial quality and the presence of biogenic amines in raw bars. This study was focused on microbiological research in order to determine the presence of selected indicator groups of microorganisms depending on the composition of raw food. Identification of microorganisms was carried out by MALDI-TOF MS. In the second part of the experiment, biogenic amines and polyamines were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography with UV/VIS detection. An increased incidence of mold has been reported in the samples, which is associated with a risk of mycotoxin production. After identifying microorganisms, it was found out that genera Micrococcus, Bacillus and Staphylococcus were the most represented. The highest concentration of biogenic amines (tyramine 42.2 ±4.8 mg.kg-1; putrescine 54.0 ±2.9 mg.kg-1) was found in a sample containing the vegetable component. The average concentration of biogenic amines in the tested raw bars was <30 mg.kg-1 and therefore they do not pose a serious health hazard to a consumer
Comparison of chemical composition of eggs from laying hens housed in different production facilities: a market study
Get PDFEggs as a part of human diet dates to the prehistoric period. After the domestication of Gallus species, Gallus gallus domesticus and their eggs spread across the globe. Eggs proved to be one of the best and affordable sources of nutritionally important components in human diet, such as proteins, vitamins, lipids and some dietary significant elements. Progress in egg production methods, in European union, is recently mostly focused on the improvements in the field of welfare of laying hens, which is part of the plan set by European union council directive 1999/74/EC. Nowadays there are 4 main egg production systems divided by the way of keeping laying hens - Enriched cage, Free range, Barn and Organic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different hens housing systems on elemental (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Ca, K, Zn), total protein and lipid composition of whole eggs, yolk and albumen. Elemental analysis was performed by ICP-OES, total lipid content by Kjehldahl method and total lipids by Soxhlet extraction. Differences in whole egg were found in 8 from 9 tested parameters - K, Mg, Ba, Fe, P, Zn, total lipids and proteins. Assessment of the differences were done by ANOVA and Tukey`s test. Production systems were also successfully differentiated by principal component analysis. It was found that eggs from alternative production systems did not exhibit higher nutritional value than eggs from conventional cage facilities. In the case of total protein, conventional eggs contained highest average amount. It was also evident, that impact on chemical composition is difficult to assign to production system in general, which was confirmed by alternative studies from this field, which in many cases considerably differs
Varietal variability of less grown mints: influence on selected antioxidants
Get PDFGenus Mentha belongs among the important part of spice, aromatic and medical plants. It includes a large amount of varieties and forms which are not spread generally because of low knowledgeability about possibilities of individual varieties using and also about their high content of bioactive substances. Five less-known varieties and forms (Mentha x piperita var. ´Danica´, Mentha x piperita var. ´Chocolate´, Mentha arvensis f. Banana, Mentha sp. f. Mojito, Mentha sp. f. White Grape) with different aroma and plant habitus were chosen to estimate the content of essential oils, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids. From obtained results varietal variability of individual varieties and forms have been specified and compared with commonly used Mentha x piperita. The content of essential oils was estimated by steam distillation. The pigment content was determined by spectrophotometric measurement of absorbance at a wavelength of 649 nm (chlorophyll a), 665 nm (chlorophyll b) and 450 nm (carotenoids). The results showed that ´Danica´ and ´Chocolate´ varieties have reached the highest amount of essential oils. Most of the chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids content reached commonly used Mentha x piperita, but there wasn´t found significant difference when compared with ´Danica´ and ´Chocolate´. The effect of varietal variability on the content of qualitative characteristics in the case of essential oils, chlorophyll a and b was confirmed according to used statistical analyse (p <0.05). The varietal variability of tested mint forms and varieties on carotenoids content was not confirmed
Proteomic study of pig’s spleen
Get PDFThis work is devoted to pig spleen proteome study. Spleens were taken from Duroc pigs (females, 145 - 160 days old) and typical two-dimensional electrophoregrams were obtained. On proteomic maps after visualization and image analysis there were detected 600 fractions, including organ-specific proteins - 3 62 fractions. Among the identified constitutive fractions, the highest expression was observed (Vol spots more than 3.0E + 07) four protein spots S1, S9, S12 and S21, which are supposedly Annexin A1 (MW 38.76 kDa), Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (MW 57.75 kDa) Pro-cathepsin H CD59 (MW 37.45 kDa) and glycoprotein (MW 13.79 kDa), respectively. Obtained electrophoregrams analysis using information resources made it possible to identify different active compounds in spleen with various functions, mainly immunoregulatory - glycoprotein CD59 (Mm 13.79 kDa) and ATP-dependent RNA helicase (Mm 107.58 kDa); the intensely expressed LIM-domain of the actin-binding protein (Mm 83.99 kDa). The results obtained are a prospect for immunomodulating biologic development based on animal raw materials for farm animals
Capital taxation efficiency of agricultural businesses in the Slovak Republic
Get PDFEffective tax rates are presented by indicators of the actual corporate tax burden, which take into account the impact of all the elements listed in the legislation. The submitted contribution explores the issue of effective taxation through effective average tax rates (EATRs) focusing on agricultural production enterprises. The analysis assessed the effect of changing the statutory tax rate (and other taxes and factors) on changing the effective average rate of capital. Taxation efficiency was monitored for selected intangible and tangible assets for 2004 and 2018. Analysis indicated a depreciation tax shield that tracked the amount of tax savings on capital investment as well as the economic rent of the project with taxation. The analysis showed that a 3% increase in the statutory rate over the reference period increased the effective average corporate rates for intangible assets by 13.35%, tangible assets by 14.25% and inventories by 16.63%. The highest annual tax saving was achieved in 2018 for tangible assets of € 4,647.50, with a four-year return
Dynamics of changes in total carotenoids and antioixdant activity in fruits of selected varieties of Cucurbita moschata Duch. during storage
Get PDFCucurbita moschata Duch. is a vegetable, native to the Central America and the northern parts of South America, not very well known in Slovak republic. It is a seasonal crop which is appreciated for its nutrimental and bioactive components providing human health benefits and its option of relatively long period of storage. The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of changes of total carotenoids content and antioxidant activity in the pulp of the fruit of Cucurbita moschata Duch. after the harvest and during the storage, as well as the effect of the variety on total carotenoids content and antioxidant activity. The experiment was realised in 2018 in the experimental fields of the Botanical Garden of Slovak University of Agriculture (SUA) in Nitra. Six different varieties of Cucurbita moschata Duch. – Liscia, Matilda, Orange, Serpentine, UG 205 F1 and Waltham were examined. The harvest was was held in the second week of September 2018. The storage took place in the hall of Departmet of Vegetable. The analysis were realised after the harvest (day 0), after the storage (day 60 and day 120). Total carotenoids content after the harvest ranged from 3.80 to 8.42 mg.100g-1 FM. In the DM the content ranged from 49.66 to 91.32 mg.100g-1 .The period of 60 days of storage had positive influence on total carotenoids content in FM, as we have recorded an increase of TCC in the case of all observed varieties. After the period of 120 days of storage we have recorded both increase and decrease, depending on the variety. The increase of the total carotenoids content during the whole period of storage was by 15%. The values of the antioxidant activity after the harvest ranged from 2.76% to 10.31%. After the 60 days of storage, we have recorded both increase in ̔ Liscia, Serpentine, Waltham ̓ and decrease in the ̔ Matilda, Orange, UG 205 F1 ̓ variety. During the following 60 days of storage significant differences were found for all the varieties in all observed variants (storage period), except for the ̔ Matilda ̓ variety. Antioxidant activity significantly decreased after 60 days of storage (by 15%), but it was followed by statstically significant increase (by 25%) after 120 days of storage. The increase of the antioxidant activity during the whole period of storage was by 6.5%, but this change was not statistically significant. The variety of Cucurbita moschata Duch. had stastically proven effect both on the total carotenoids content and the antioxidant actvity
Key factors affecting consumption of meat and meat products from perspective of Slovak consumers
Get PDFNowadays, meat and meat products are considered as a part of the daily diet of most people. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with meat and meat products and their consumption according to individual types of meat. Based on the above, the paper is focused on the issue of consumption of individual types of meat in the Slovak Republic and the identification of key factors affecting the consumption of meat and meat products from Slovak consumers' point of view. Secondary and primary data is used to fulfil the aim of the paper. Secondary data is obtained from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, on the basis of which the development of consumption of individual types of meat is predicted by 2020. It can be stated that poultry and pork meat and meat products consumption is constantly increasing and there is a slight change in beef and fish meat and meat products consumption, which is currently at a very low level. In the context of the above, a questionnaire survey is realised and based on its results it could be concluded that the price is a main reason for the inadequate consumption of different types of meat. However, consumers consume meat and meat products mainly because of taste, which can be considered as an aspect of irrationality in the diet of Slovak consumers. Furthermore, a number of factors affecting the purchase and consumption of meat and meat products have been identified. The results show rational and irrational aspects in the decision making of Slovak consumers. The most important factor is the quality of meat and meat products, which consumers perceive differently, mainly on the basis of their own personality and other aspects of meat quality (price, origin, freshness, and sensory characteristics of meat). Other important factors are the perception of composition, freshness, price and country of origin
The impact of inappropriate food advertising on consumer behavior
Get PDFThe impact of food advertising on consumer behavior is a matter of concern to psychologists, marketers, economists and the general public alike. It is well known that the consumer is not rational, and all the time does not carefully evaluate all available alternatives before purchase. There exist many stimuli influencing consumer behavior, which refers to the study of buying tendencies of consumers. There are several stages a consumer goes through before he finally picks up products available in the market. Various factors, be it cultural, social, personal or psychological, influence the buying decision of individuals. Submitted paper deals with the impact of inappropriate advertising on consumer behavior, namely the purchase of food. Related research was conducted at Department of Marketing and Trade, FEM SUA in Nitra, based on a questionnaire survey with a sample of 702 respondents from the Slovak Republic. We have used two research methods: Chi Square contingency test and Kolmogorov - Smirnov test. Obtained results proved that 38% of respondents have a personal experience with inappropriate food advertising and most respondents considered inappropriate food advertising as a deceptive, misleading and manipulative one. It was confirmed that the perception of inappropriate food advertising is not dependent on the age of the respondents and respondents do not avoid buying food previously seen in inappropriate advertising. They take into consideration more important characteristics and features of the food products such as quality, price, taste etc