Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences
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Adhesion of marzipan pastes based on dry demineralized whey
Get PDFThe results of researches of rheological and adhesion characteristics of marzipan pastes with dry demineralized whey (DDW) and glycerin are given. The positive effect of dry demineralized whey and glycerin on the characteristics of model compositions of marzipan pastes has been established. The component compatibility of DDW and almonds has been confirmed. It has been experimentally established that DDW and glycerin lead to changes in the structural state of marzipan pastes, changing the quantitative values of rheological characteristics. It is confirmed that with increasing DDW concentration, the indicators of deformation and plasticity increase. The indicators of elasticity and resilience of marzipan paste decrease, which in general leads to an increase in molding ability. The surface effect on the properties of marzipan pastes with dry demineralized whey and glycerin was carried out. The technological expediency of using glycerin in the composition of marzipan pastes with DDW to increase their plasticity and pliability while maintaining high molding properties is substantiated. The rational content of glycerin is established, which allows regulating the adhesion properties within the set limits for paste-like finishing semi-finished products from marzipan masses. The rational content of DDW and glycerin in the composition of marzipan pastes while ensuring high functional and technological properties in the application of confectionery flour on the surface is substantiated. Mathematical modeling of adhesion behavior of marzipan pastes is carried out. The adhesive properties of the pastes are mathematically substantiated and their ability to have flexibility under the action of the applied shear stress is confirmed within the established limits. Its currents are considered and substantiated. A study of moisture absorption by flour confectionery when covered with marzipan paste is provided. The wetting angle is considered and the work of adhesion is determined. Based on researches the directions of use of the developed marzipan pastes in confectionery production as finishing semi-finished products for a covering and as a layer for flour confectionery products and modeling of figured products are offered.
The use of biofortification for production of selenium enriched garden pea
Get PDFBiofortification of crops with selenium is one of the possible manners on how to increase selenium intake by humans. The effect of selenium fertilization in relation to selenium enrichment of pea and following the phytotoxicity symptoms in garden pea plants was studied. Pot experiments were established with a control variant without selenium addition and four variants where selenium was applied as sodium selenate into the soil in four different concentrations (1 - 6 mg Se.kg-1) before seeding. Garden pea was grown in pots for 60 days and then plant material was dried and submitted to analysis. The total content of selenium was determined by the ZET-AAS method in the roots, above-ground parts of the plant (stems, leaves, extracted pods), and in seeds of a pea. Dean-Dixon´s test and paired t-test (α = 0.05) were used for statistical evaluation of the results. Transfer factors were calculated as a ratio between selenium content (mg.kg-1) in individual plant material and soil. Transfer indexes were calculated as a ratio between selenium content (mg.kg-1) in seeds and roots. The results showed that with the increasing addition of the Se to the soil, its contents in all parts of the plant proportionally increased. The content of the Se increased in the roots 43 to 173-fold, in the above-ground parts 79 to 372-fold, and in the seeds Se was accumulated 130 to 415 times more compared to control. Transfer factors and transport indexes were expressed. Transfer factors for pea varied from 11.05 to 19.25 in the case of Se transfer to the whole pea biomass. In the case of the Se transfer from soil to pea seeds, the highest transfer showed variant with addition 1 mg Se.kg-1 and the transfer factor gradually decreased with increasing addition of Se. Based on the amount of biomass produced, the experiments statistically confirmed the phytotoxicity of higher doses (4 and 6 mg Se.kg-1) of selenium to plants. The highest transport index values are shown variants with the Se addition 1 and 2 mg Se.kg-1 (2.03 and 1.77, respectively). In these variants, Se was used the most efficiently. Our results showed that the best biofortification results were obtained in experimental variants with the lower selenium additions (1 and 2 mg Se.kg-1)
Antimicrobial potential of different medicinal plants against food industry pathogens
Get PDFWork aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants against selected species of food industry pathogens in vitro conditions. The detection of antibacterial properties was examined by the disc diffusion method and the method of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The cultivation of microorganisms after the 24 h was performed by disc diffusion method. Petri dishes have grown at 37 °C in which the Mueller - Hinton agar and application it to the sterile paper disc impregnated with the extract. The thickness of the resulting inhibition zone was measured with a ruler after completion of the culture. After the preparation of bacteria and extracts of certain concentrations of a subsequently added to wells microplates we use the method of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) which was conducted out as the second measurement, and we took the readings absorbance spectrophotometer at 570 nm using the Glomax plate spectrophotometer. We found out, that Equisetum arvense demonstrated the largest zones of inhibition to the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The greatest antimicrobial activity achieved Equisetum arvense, Urtica dioica, and Taraxacum officinale against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica CCM 3807 and Yersinia enterocolitica CCM 5671. Equisetum arvense and Taraxacum officinale was the most effective against Escherichia coli CCM 2024 and the least effective were Tussilago farfara and Mentha piperita with using the method of minimum inhibitory concentrations
Effect of modelled stress and adaptogens on microstructural characteristics of pork from fast-growing hybrid animals
Get PDFThis research aimed to study the effect of modelled technological stress and the introduction of selenium and dihydroquercetin (DHQ) into pig diets on the microstructure of M. longissimus dorsi muscle tissue. The in vivo experiment was carried out on 36 hybrid young barrows (Large White x Landrace) x Duroc) with an initial live weight of 34 – 36 kg until they reached a weight of not less than 110 kg. The animals were divided into four groups: 1 (C-) – pigs did not receive adaptogens and were not subjected to modelled technological stress; 2 (C+) – pigs did not receive adaptogens but were subjected to stress via relocation of animals; 3 (С+Se) – pigs were subjected to stress and received 0.2 mg Se.kg-1 feed as selenium proteinate in addition to their diet; 4 (С+DHQ) – pigs were subjected to stress and received 32 mg DHQ.kg-1 feed in addition to their diet. The best results regarding the muscle tissue condition were recorded in the musle L. dorsi samples were taken from the carcasses of group 4 (С+DHQ). Analysis of variance using the Fisher–Snedecor test confirmed that addition of adaptogens led to an improvement of the pH24 value (at p = 0.05, f observed = 5.90 >fcritical = 4.17) and moisture-holding capacity (at p = 0.05, f observed = 3.04 >fcritical = 2.92). The effect of long-term addition of DHQ to pig diets (78 days) on the condition of muscle tissue was studied for the first time, which allowed us to conclude its role in the prevention of myopathic changes in the muscle fibre structure
Bryndza cheese of Slovak origin as potential resources of probiotic bacteria
Get PDFBryndza cheese includes several predominant lactic acid bacteria. The aim of our study was the antagonistic effect of lactic acid bacteria supernatant isolated from ewes´ cheese bryndza against ten Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Isolated strains of bacteria were obtained from bryndza which were produced in five different regions of Slovakia. Isolated strains of lactic acid bacteria were identified with mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper. A total of one hundred and thirty lactic bacteria include Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus hirae, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus harbinensis, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactobacillus suebicus, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis, and Pediococcus acidilactici were tested in this study against Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli CCM 3988, Klebsiella pneumoniae CCM 2318, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica CCM 3807, Shigella sonnei CCM 1373, Yersinia enterocolitica CCM 5671 and Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus thuringiensis CCM 19, Enterococcus faecalis CCM 4224, Listeria monocytogenes CCM 4699, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus CCM 2461, Streptococcus pneumonia CCM 4501 with agar diffusion method. Lactic acid bacteria showed activity 92% against Yersinia enterocolitica, 91% against Klebsiella pneumoniae, 88% against Escherichia coli, 84% against Listeria monocytogenes. The most effective bacteria against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested was Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei
The influence of chosen organic fertilizers on qualitative parameters of three Daucus carota L. varieties
Get PDFIn rational nutrition, vegetables play an important role due to their high biological and low energy value. The most widespread vegetables in our country belong to root vegetables. They are grown mainly for bulbs, corms, rhizomes, fleshy roots, and hypocotyl tubers. Root vegetables can be eaten raw or cooked. Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a basic representative of root vegetables. For the most valuable components counts beta-carotene – the major component of total carotenoids. This paper evaluates changes in total carotenoids, refractometric dry matter, and gravimetric dry matter in three varieties of carrot (Kamaran F1, Komarno F1, Romosa) grown in soil and climatic conditions ex-situ in Nitra. We have evaluated roots grown in non-fertilized soil, soil after application of manure, horticultural compost, and their combinations. The results show that the variants fertilized with compost and a mixture of compost and manure had the most considerable influence on the synthesis and content of total carotenoids as well as the content of dry matter and refractometric dry matte
Physiological state of plants and quality of plum fruits grafted on the rootstocks of various strength of growth depending on the plant nutrition mode
Get PDFThe influence of the nutrition mode on the physiological state, productivity, and quality of the plum harvest of the Stanley variety on the rootstocks of various strengths of growth was investigated. The fertilizer system included the intra-soil application of the complex organic-mineral fertilizer based on peat and non-root dressings combined with the “Novosil” phytoregulator. The nutrition mode of plum plants was studied by the method of gross content diagnostics of elements in leaves and fruits. The significant increase of nitrogen and phosphorus content, number of functional pigments, free amino acids, and protein synthesis, especially in plants on the rootstock Best, was established during the period of the intensive shoot and ovary growth. In the early summer, the increase of calcium content and decrease of secondary metabolite one was found against the background of a decline of growth activity in plum leaves on the dwarf and medium rootstocks. The statistically reliable positive correlation between nitrogen, potassium, calcium and their content in plum fruits on the rootstock VVA 1 (r = 0.68, r = 0.74, r = 0.52) and rootstock Best (r = 0.75, r = 0.84, r = 0.61) was identified against the background of the application of fertilizers during the period of stress influence of abiotic factors in July. The green pigment content was also increased. The decline of protein content in leaves in the trees on the rootstock Best and rootstock PK SK 1 was minimal. At that time maximum losses of shared water were in plants on the rootstock cherry plum seedlings and minimum ones were on the rootstock PK SK 1. In early August the gross content of nitrogen, potassium, and calcium in the leaves of shoots increased with the application of fertilizers. In early September the excess of the sum of amino acids in plum leaves was 26,6-30,8% while the one in plum fruits was 12.5 and 23.5%; 24.2 and 11.5%; 17.3 and 19.6% on the rootstock VVA 1, rootstock Best, rootstock PK SK 1 respectively. The nutrition mode optimization promoted increasing of plant productivity on the rootstock Best and fruit weight on the rootstock VVA 1, rootstock Best, and rootstock PK SK 1
Authentication of Wistar rat fats with gas chromatography mass spectometry combined by chemometrics
Get PDFIndonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, which is very concerned about halal food. The most problem that’s very concerning nowadays was that food products were contaminated by unclean meat, such as rat meat. The purpose of this study was to authenticate rat fat using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) combined with chemometrics. In this study, rat fat were heated in oven at 90 °C – 100 °C for approximately one hour until the oil came out. After that, the derivatization process was carried out to convert fat into methyl ester compounds using NaOCH3 and BF3. Methyl ester compound than injected into the GCMS instrument system. In addition to rat fat, other fat extraction were carried out, such as pigs, cows, chickens, wild boars, dogs, and goats. The combination of chemometrics Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to classify rat fat with other animal fat. Based on the results of the study showed that fatty acids in rats using GCMS produced 6 types of fatty acids, namely: myristat (0.15 ±0.09%), palmitoleate (0.73 ±0.54%), palmitate (19.08 ±3.54%), linoleate (30.14 ±16.90%), oleate (40.48 ±2.74%), and stearate (2.55 ±0.01%). Total content of rat fatty acids was 93.13%, with unsaturated fatty acids 71.35% and saturated fatty acids 21.78%. Chemometrics PCA from rat fat can be grouped with other animal fats
Assessment of the intake of selected minerals in population of premenopausal women based on specific socio-demographic indicators
Get PDFEating behavior interventions are a modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to monitor the intake of selected minerals – calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, selenium, and chromium in the diet of premenopausal women (n = 30) and to highlight the possible adverse effects of disbalanced intake of these elements. At the same time, we investigated whether socio-demographic factors and choice of food store have an impact on the intake of these substances. We assessed the intake of selected minerals using three-day nutritional protocols and subsequently processed the data. The participants were women between 40 and 50 years old, from districts of Partizánske and Prievidza, for whom menopause has not yet begun. Women provided information about their place of residence (urban or rural area), type of home they live in (family house or apartment), and the type of food store where they grocery shop. The results indicate an impact of the place of residence: higher intake of zinc (p = 0.012) and selenium (p = 0.020) were observed in the participants from the urban area. The impact of the type of home was proven on the intake of chromium (p = 0.049), copper (p = 0.048), and carbohydrates (p = 0.021) with higher intake in the apartment-dwelling group. The impact of food store choice has not been confirmed. Based on the observed values, we conclude that the observed population might be at a higher risk of skeletal disorders and osteoporosis due to deficient calcium intake and the unfavorable ratio of Ca:P; increased Zn and Se intake levels may stimulate the development of cardiovascular risk factors and may also elevate the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Genetic divergence in Tunisian castor bean genotypes based on trap markers
Get PDFIn the present study, the representatives of the genus Ricinus communis collected from 12 different parts of Tunisia were differentiated by the DNA fingerprinting patterns using 30 TRAP primers. The efficacy of the TRAP technique in this study is further supported by the obtained PIC values of the primers used in the analysis. PCR amplification of DNA using 30 primers for TRAP analysis produced 490 DNA fragments that could be scored in all 56 genotypes of Tunisian castor. The number of amplified fragments varied from 3 (TRAP 04 x arb 1, TRAP 22 x arb 3 and TRAP 23 x arb 3) to 13 (TRAP 56 x arb 2), and the amplicon size ranged from 100 to 1600 bp. Of the 490 amplified bands, 377 were polymorphic, with an average of 5.71 polymorphic bands per primer. To determine the level of polymorphism in the analysed group of Tunisian castor genotypes polymorphic information content (PIC) was calculated. The lowest values of polymorphic information content were recorded for TRAP 10 x arb 1 (0.555) and the highest PIC values were detected for TRAP 44 x arb 2 (0.961) with an average of 0.770. A dendrogram was constructed from a genetic distance matrix based on profiles of the 30 TRAP primers using the unweighted pair-group method with the arithmetic average (UPGMA). According to analysis, the collection of 56 Tunisian castor genotypes were clustered into five main clusters. Moreover, functional TRAP markers would be efficiently useful in genetic studies for castor genetic improvement