Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences
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The effect of chayote leaves (Sechium edule)’s flavonoid fraction on the reduction of the serum uric acid levels through the inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity
Get PDFUric acid is the final product of purine metabolism and is categorized as hyperuricemia when it reaches >6.0 mg.dL-1 for women and >7.0 mg.dL-1 for men. The chayote leaves (Sechium edule) contain a high amount of flavonoid and might be used as an alternative to reduce hyperuricemia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of chayote leaves (Sechium edule)’s flavonoid fraction on the level of uric acid and the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) in Sprague Dawley Rats. The flavonoid fraction (FF) was obtained by extracting the chayote leaves, fractionating with n-hexane, hydrolyzing with HCl, and finally re-fractionating with ethyl acetate. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were induced for hyperuricemia by potassium oxonate and broth block for 21 days, and the interventions were given orally for 14 days. The rats were divided randomly into five groups: normal control (K-), hyperuricemia control (K+), hyperuricemia with FF dose 50 mg.200g-1 body weight (P1), hyperuricemia with FF dose 100 mg.200g-1 body weight (P2) and hyperuricemia with allopurinol 1.8 mg.200g-1 body weight. Xanthine oxidase activity was measured by CheKineTM Xanthine Oxidase Assay Kit, with simple colorimetry methods. The statistical analysis for XO activity was done using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Mann Whitney. The results showed that chayote leaves (Sechium edule)’s flavonoid fraction contains apigenin, apigenin o-glucoside, and luteolin. It also has antioxidant activity with 98.45% inhibition. There was a significant reduction in xanthine oxidase activity in groups treated with FF (p <0.005). The best dose of FF affecting XO activity was 100 mg.200g-1 body weight. The combination of FF and allopurinol can be more effective in decreasing uric acid levels by inhibiting XO activity
The organoleptic quality of liquid food formula made from snail (Pila ampullacea), tempeh, and moringa leaves
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the organoleptic quality of liquid food formula made from snail (Pila ampullacea), tempeh, and moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves. The study was conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It involved 25 moderately trained panelists and also 5 trained panelists, who met the criteria. The measured variable was the organoleptic quality, which included aspects of color, texture, taste, and aroma. The formula tested was a powder formula made from the snail, tempeh, and moringa leaves. The proportion of snail flour, tempeh flour, and moringa leaves flour was 50:30:20. It was found that more than 50% of panelists liked the liquid food formula based on color, texture, taste, and aroma. Independent t-test to determine the difference between the organoleptic quality of the two groups showed p = 0.710 for color, p = 0.335 for texture, p = 0.603 for taste, and p = 0.880 for aroma. In conclusion, most of the panelists liked the liquid food formula products made from snail, tempeh, and moringa leaves based on the organoleptic quality result. There was no difference between the organoleptic quality studies of the two groups in the aspect of color, texture, taste, and aroma
The improvement of insulin resistance and the antioxidant capacity in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats with whiteleg shrimp shell powder (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Get PDFAs estimated having an increased incidence of about 50% until 2040, the diabetic condition could be augmented primarily from astaxanthin contained in carotenoids. This research examines and compares the influence of WSSP and AST complement on Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) level and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) induced high-fat diet streptozotocin (HFD-STZ) in T2DM rats. WSSP 0.89gr/200gr/d (X1) and 1.77gr/200gr/d (X2) groups; and AST supplement 0.09mg/200gr/d (X3) groups were compared with both of positive (K1) and negative (K2) groups. The treatments were administered orally for 21 days to 25 Wistar rats which each group consisted of 5 rats. HOMA-IR and TAC levels were measured by ELISA and ABTs method respectively. TAC levels significantly increased in treatment groups than K1 group (p = 0.008). The increase in the TAC level of the X2 group was greater than the X1 group (p = 0.017). HOMA IR levels were significantly lower in treatment groups than K1 group (p = 0.009). X2 group had a greater decrease in HOMA IR levels compared to X1 (p = 0.016). In consequence, the research findings show a utilitarian effect of WSSP in increasing TAC and decreasing the HOMA-IR index
Assessment of the effect of bioactive nutrients and probiotic microorganisms on the parameters of lipid metabolism in the body
Get PDFThe aim of the work is a comparative study of the effect of vegetable nutrients - wheat germ oil (WGO), flour from wheat germ cake (WGC), and animal - concentrated tissue fish oil, origin on lipid metabolism indicators of students and university teachers, as well as an assessment of the probiotic factor in increasing the effectiveness of the target biologically active substances. The data obtained confirm the relation between the nutritional sufficiency of the body and the increase in lipid metabolism effectiveness and atherosclerosis risk reduction in students and teachers of an engineering university with the daily use of bioactive nutrients: WGO, WGCF, CTFO and their combinations with the biomass of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria consortium. The lipid metabolism was evaluated based on the analysis of indicators of the total cholesterol (TC) concentrations, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides (TG), atherogenic index (AI). The values of these indicators were recorded before and after daily consuming the study foods for 30 days. The data obtained were analyzed for 3 age groups: 16 – 24, 25 – 44, and 45 – 65. It was found that WGO has the most effective antiatherosclerotic effect; the decrease in the TC level was 6.4%, the increase in the HDL concentration was 13.7%, the decrease in the LDL concentration was 11.3%, the decrease in the TG concentration was 17.1%, and the AI decreased by 22.6%, respectively. With WGCF, the changes in the studied parameters were 6.0, 12.3, 13.1, 13.1, and 22.1%, respectively. Together with probiotics WGO effectiveness increased in terms of the reduced TC level (1.9%), increased HDL concentration (8.2%), decreased LDL concentration (2.5%), reduced TG concentration (5.7%), and decreased AI (6.3%) for CTFO by 9.1, 26.1, 14.7, 24.1 and 31.2%, respectively. Thus, the dynamics of lipid metabolism indices objectively testifies to the positive effect of bioactive nutrients on human health indicators
The content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Get PDFGarlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the most commonly grown vegetables and thanks to its sensory properties, it has an important place in numerous world cuisines. Garlic is also known for its health-promoting properties, which are attributed to its chemical composition. The health benefits of garlic depending on the content of biologically active compounds, which vary between cultivars and geographical areas. Seven cultivars of garlic, namely Sukoradsky, Zahorsky, Germidour, Mojmir, Karel IV., Arkus, Makoi, were analyzed in this study. This study aimed to determine the total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of garlic. Studied characteristics were analyzed by the UV-VIS spectrometry method. Total polyphenol content ranged from 430.26 to 640.04 mg GAE.kg-1 FW. Total flavonoid content ranged from 10.29 to 60.49 mg CE.kg-1 FW. Antioxidant activity measured by ABTS assay ranged from 1.098 to 1.955 mmol TE.kg-1 FW. Antioxidant activity measured by FRAP assay ranged from 0.63 to 1.467 mmol.kg-1 FW. Highest TPC, TFC, and AA were determined in the cultivar Mojmir. The lowest TPC and TFC were determined in the cultivar Zahorsky. The lowest AA was determined in the cultivar Sukoradsky. High positive correlations were determined between individual parameters
The effect of soil biostimulant Agriful on the selected quantitative and qualitative parameters of carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.)
Get PDFThe research task was focused on an important type of root vegetable – carrot (Daucus carota L.), cultivar ´Romance F1´ (family: Apiaceae). The main goal was to verify the application of soil biostimulant Agriful (based on humic and fulvic acids) and its impact on the yield potential and quality of carrot roots. Nowadays, it is the common need to intensify and increase crop production because of the growing human population and look for environmentally friendly cultivation methods. In general, biostimulants are biologically based products and their purpose is to stimulate the natural nutritional processes in cultivated crops. In the realized experiment, Agriful (treatment of 5 L/300 L water/ha) was applied twice per vegetation period by spraying over the pivot. The increase of average root weight after the application of Agriful was found, concretely about +4.47% compared to the control variant. The higher root weight after Agriful application resulted in a higher total yield of carrot about +2.84% compared to the control variant. The quality of consumable parts of carrots were evaluated based on the classification of roots into quality classes according to the valid standard for fresh carrot marketing (UNECE FFV-10). In the ´Extra class´, there was an increase in the average yield after the application of Agriful about +5.4%; The average carrot yield in ´Class I´ was decreased about -1.0% and the root ratio in the ´Class II´ decreased about -1.9%. The ratio of ´Non-standard´ carrot roots was lower about -2.5%. Based on evaluating qualitative substance content (total carotenoids, refractometric dry matter), the positive influence of the effect of Agriful application was found. The content of total carotenoids was higher about +8.7% compared to the control variant. The refractometric dry matter was higher about +4.1% compared to the control variant. The obtained results can be used in further research on biostimulants and it is possible to create clear recommendations for using Agriful for small growers. It should be useful to verify these results in another vegetation period for recommendation to large-scale producers of carrots
Comparative study of weaning pigs' muscle proteins using two-dimensional electrophoresis
Get PDFThe proteostasis system of animals, including various types of protein modification during the growth stage, leads to an almost incomprehensible number of possible forms of protein, and each can regulate numerous functions. In the presented work, the composition of muscle tissue protein from different portions of piglets was studied to understand the main muscle protein formation. Comparative analysis of weaned piglets' main muscle protein from l. dorsi, biceps femoris, and brachiocephalicus were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Changes in the staining intensity of protein fractions inherent in different muscles were revealed. As part of this work, candidate groups of pig muscle proteins have been selected. Eleven protein spots were revealed for the longest muscle of the back, and seven for the biceps; the muscles of the neck are characterized by indicators of low protein fraction volume. Among the proteins found, myosin light chains, phosphoglycerate mutase, troponins, and adenylate kinase is most likely present. The obtained results of protein identification in muscle tissues, obtained during the intensive growth period, will allow a more detailed understanding of protein regulation, function, and interactions in complex biological systems, which will subsequently be significantly important for biomonitoring health and predicting farm animals productivity
The influence of yeast extract and jasmonic acid on phenolic acids content of in vitro hairy root cultures of Orthosiphon aristatus
Get PDFPhenolic acids represent a big group of plant secondary metabolites that can be used as food additives, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Obtaining phenolic acids from the plant in vitro cultures provide an attractive alternative to produce high-value plant-derived products. The impact of yeast extract and jasmonic acid on the induction of defense responses and consequently the production of phenolic acids in vitro hairy root cultures of O. aristatus have been investigated. Treatment of O. aristatus cultures with jasmonic acid caused accumulation of 12.98 mg.g-1 DW of phenolic acids, elicitation with yeast extract resulted in the highest amount of phenolic acids, particularly in 17.99 mg.g-1 DW as compared to 4.03 mg.g-1 DW for the non-treated cultures. Individual phenolic acids showed a different response to elicitation. Particularly rosmarinic acid content on the control plot reached 2.89 mg.g-1 DW, while after the treatment with jasmonic acid is increased to 10.84 mg.g-1 DW and after yeast application, it was 14.31 mg.g-1 DW. Also, caffeic acid content increased until 0.75 and 2.01 mg.g-1 DW after application of jasmonic acid and yeast extract, while at the control plot its concentration was 0.58 mg.g-1 DW. Application of yeast extract influenced synthesis of phenolic acids in vitro cultures of O. aristatus stronger as jasmonic acid treatment
Numerical methods and image processing techniques for melissopalynological honey analysis
Get PDFPollen analysis is a method used for verification of the botanical and geographical honey origin. Currently, much effort is being made to introduce automated systems with the use of image analysis programs. The automatic analysis is impeded by the insufficient depth of field of objects when using a light microscope, however, this can be avoided by using image reconstruction from images obtained from different focal planes. In this method, testing was performed on the normal focus (NF) and extended-depth-of-focus (EDF) images. These two methods were compared and statistically evaluated. The number of pollen grains and selected morphometric characteristics were compared. For EDF images, a higher number of pollen grains was obtained for the analysis, and except for the length/width ratio, a statistically significant difference was observed in the characteristics of pollen grains between the compared NF and EDF methods
Social demographic factors influencing consumer's preferences on rice attributes in Indonesia: a multinomial logistic approach
Get PDFThis study assessed factors influencing consumer's preferences on rice attributes in Indonesia using data collected from a sample of 329 consumers in South Sumatra Province in Indonesia. This study used two variables such as independent variables and dependent variables. Independent variables as a predictor of attributes of consumer preferences include social-demographic variables. On another side, dependent variables include attributes of rice-based on the preferences of the consumer. Social demographic factors such as gender, age, number of families, occupation, education, and income are mentioned to influence consumer's preference for rice. Rice attributes such as small broken, chalky grains, higher broken, varieties, family reference, friend reference, suppliers, advertisement, foreign object, residue, packaging, brand, volume expansion, head rice, flavor, aroma soft texture, durability, and whiteness. This study employed the multinomial logistic regression analysis to examine the effects of these variables on rice preference. This study revealed that among household characteristics that influence consumers' preference for rice attributes were household income and the type of occupation of the household head