Osaka Sangyo University Repository / 大阪産業大学リポジトリ
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Developing Workplace Efficiency at Nursing Homes for the Elderly
Get PDFIn recent years, aging populations have become a common problem in societies throughout the world. Japan, facing the aging problem 50 years earlier than China, has established a relatively complete pension insurance policy system, which has achieved fruitful results in practice. Compared with Japan, the aging crisis facing China before its full economic prosperity is realized may be more severe. Today, Japan may serve as a “mirror” for China to solve its pension problem tomorrow. In view of the serious problem of an aging population and the shortage of old-age personnel, how to use modern science and technology to improve work efficiency in order to find out how to deal with population aging countermeasures are analyzed and studied. For this reason, the author investigates ten different types and scales of nursing homes in Japan and China. The main contents of the investigation include the working environment of nursing homes, the perfection of a personnel management system, the existence of a research and training system for improving ability, the introduction of a nursing home management system and the introduction of AI technology to improve work efficiency, etc. The purpose here is to clarify common problems and put forward suggestions on how to improve work efficiency in nursing homes.近年、人口高齢化は全世界が直面する共通の問題となっている。日本は、中国より50年早く高齢化の問題に直面しており、比較的完全な年金保険制度を確立している。中国が日本に遅れて直面する今後の高齢化の危機は、これまでの一人っ子政策の影響も考えられることから、さらに深刻な問題になるかもしれない。筆者は2014年に東京の老人介護施設で３ヶ月間介護の研修を受けた経験があるが、日本の優れた介護技術は中国の「鑑」になると感じた。
その経験から、日中両国の人口高齢化の問題の知識を深め、老人介護業務の効率化を考えるようになった。その後、日中両国で20ヶ所の老人介護施設を調査した。これらの調査によって、介護施設の職場環境、人事管理システムの完成度、能力を向上させるための研究訓練システムの存在、介護管理システムの導入、および作業効率を向上させるAI技術の導入など、現場の状況に関する知見を得ることができた。それらの知見に基づき、本論文では老人介護施設の作業効率を改善し、効率性を高めることで、事業者の持続可能性を高める方法を提示したいと考える。departmental bulletin pape
Can the Promotion of Home Health Care Reduce Total Medical Expenses? ―Survey Research and the Framework for Cost Comparison―
Get PDFHere prior research on medical expenses of home medical care was investigated to provide a comparative framework for total medical cost of inpatient medical care and home medical care in order to verify whether it is possible to truly reduce national medical expenses by changing hospital medical care to home care. To estimate medical expenses for home health care, data on medical fee pricing and data on the number of patients receiving medical care at home are required. Since in a previous paper the method of estimating the number of patients in home medical care was shown, here it will be referred to and analyzed.departmental bulletin pape
Comparing Areas Subject to the“Central Urban Area Revitalization Basic Plan” and the Scope of Baru Ibento; A Case Study of Hyogo Prefecture
Get PDFRevitalization of centeral urban areas is an urgent issue. In recent years, as a means to revitalize urban centers, baru ibento（ bar event）, festive events focused on food and beverage establishments, have attracted attention. In the Kinki region, these bar events are actively sponsered and hosted. In Hyogo prefecture, eight cities have formulated the basic plans for revitalizing their central urban areas. This number is the largest in the Kinki region. Therefore, this paper compares the implementation of baru ibento with the basic plans for the city centers of these municipalities （referred to as Chushin shigaichi ka’seika kihon keikaku） of Hyogo Prefecture. As a result, during the planning period in the cities of Himeji, Akashi, Itami and Kawanishi, the area and the scope of the bar event coincided. In these four cities, the bar events have benn held regularily.
On the other hand, different responses were found in the cities of Kobe, Amagasaki, and Takarazuka, where the period of planning had ended. Tanba City is still in the planning period and a baru ibento has yet to be held.中心市街地の活性化は喫緊の課題となっている。近年，中心市街地の活性化策として，バルイベントが注目されている。近畿圏ではバルイベントが盛んに行われている。兵庫県には中心市街地活性化基本計画の策定市が８市あり，近畿圏では最も多い。本稿では，兵庫県を研究対象地域として，その計画に基づく中心市街地区域とバルイベントの実施範囲を比較した。その結果，計画期間中の姫路市，明石市，伊丹市，川西市では，中心市街地区域とバルイベントの実施範囲が一致していた。また，これらの４市では，バルイベントが継続的に開催されていた。一方，計画期間が終了している神戸市，尼崎市，宝塚市では異なる対応がみられた。なお，丹波市では，未だにバルイベントは実施されていない。departmental bulletin pape
Factor Analysis of High Unemployment Rate of University Graduates in China
Get PDFSince the implementation of the policy of reform and opening-up in 1988 in China, the market economy has seen rapid growth. With the development of society and economy, the employment system has been transformed from one of government allocation to one of free choice, while with the development of the market economy, the problem of unemployment has worsened year by year.
Statistics on the unemployment rate in China are published by various organizations and government agencies. Among these, the data released by the government the “registered urban unemployment rate” is the most authoritative, and is collected and calculated jointly by the National Statistics Bureau and Department of Social Security. Since 2008, the unemployment rate in China has been kept between 4% and 4.3%.
However, despite an unchanging unemployment rate, the unemployment rate for highly educated college graduates in China is increasing over the years. Especially with the reform of higher education in 2000, there was increasing enrollment in universities and colleges, with the number of graduates rising each year. For various reasons, many were unable to secure employment smoothly after graduation, so the unemployment rate among these graduates has risen.
In this paper, the main goal is to determine the employment reasons of these graduates on the basis of investigating and illustrating the current unemployment status and features of these graduates in China, and to then put forward suitable solutions for the improvement of employment.departmental bulletin pape
The Establishment and Development of Home Medical Care in the Public Medical Fee System of Japan
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to clarify the establishment and development of home medical care in the public medical fee system of Japan in an attempt to verify whether switching to hospital care from home medical care can really reduce national medical expenses. Specifically, we will clarify, on a time line, how home medical care has been incorporated and positioned in the public medical fee system. In the literature to date, Ito （2008） is the only study found that has traced and clarified the inclusion of home medical care in the public medical fee system. The significance of this paper is to provide further discussion of what has transpired in the development of home medical care since 2008 and Ito’s study.国は，地域医療構想において，在宅医療を推進しようとしている。その動きの中で繰り返し主張されるのは，「国民医療費の上昇を抑制する方法として，入院医療を在宅医療に切り替える」ことである。「在宅医療が入院医療よりも安上がりになる」と考えているのである。本当にそうだろうか。筆者は，在宅医療の国民医療費削減効果を検証するため，齋藤（2017），齋藤（2018），齋藤（2019）を著した。これまで明らかになったのは，在宅医療は必要であるし，推進していくことが重要であるものの，在宅医療の推進が国民医療費の削減となるかどうかは不透明なことである。
本稿の目的は，入院医療を在宅医療に切り替えることで，本当に国民医療費が削減できるのかどうか検証する第一歩として，診療報酬制度における在宅医療の形成と展開を明らかにする。具体的には，診療報酬制度に，在宅医療がどのように盛り込まれ，位置づけられてきたかを，時系列で明らかにしていく。これまでの診療報酬制度における在宅医療の形成と展開を追跡し明らかにしたものは，伊藤（2008）以外は，管見の限り存在しない。
本稿の意義は，伊藤（2008）が明らかにしていない2008年以降の在宅医療の形成と展開を
も明らかにし，その特徴を明らかにすることである。
本論文の構成は次の通りである。
「１．在宅医療の登場の背景」では，在宅医療が登場してきた２つの背景を明らかにする。「２．診療報酬制度における在宅医療」では，診療報酬制度における在宅医療の変遷を明らかにする。「３．診療報酬制度における在宅医療の特徴」では，在宅医療がその対象者（患者）と診療項目を増やしてきた一方で，近年は点数の算定が複雑になりつつあることを明らかにする。departmental bulletin pape
