Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law (MJSL)
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العقد الاجتماعي في القانون الدستوري الإسلامي وأثره في العملية السياسية: دراسة تحليلية: THE SOCIAL CONTRACT IN ISLAMIC CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND ITS IMPACT ON THE POLITICAL PROCESS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY
No full textThe study aims to discuss the theory of social contract in Islamic constitutionalism and its impact on the political process through analyzing the relationship between the people, the ruler, and constitutional institutions. The study focuses on the value of the theory of the social contract as an Islamic constitutional foundation that creates a balance in the relationship between governing authorities and the people. The study followed a descriptive-analytical approach and arrived at several findings, including that the theory of social contract in Islamic constitutionalism is based on constitutional foundations and principles that contribute to achieving a balance in the relationship between the people and the ruler and regulating governance appropriately. It also preserves the people\u27s constitutional rights in the political process and the constitutional system that organizes the political process, in addition to surpassing the dominance of private groups over the public. The study particularly emphasized the importance of the mutual relationship between the ruler and the people, which forms the basis of the social contract between them, to achieve a balance between civil society groups, governing authorities, and the people. In conclusion, the study serves as a contribution to understanding the theory of the social contract in Islamic constitutionalism and its impact on the political process. It also provided insights into the relationship between the people, the ruler, and governing constitutional institutions.
ملخص البحث
هدفت الدراسة إلى مناقشة نظرية العقد الاجتماعي في الدستورية الإسلامية وأثرها في العملية السياسية، من خلال تحليل العلاقة بين الشعب والحاكم والمؤسسات الدستورية. ويتمحور الاهتمام في الدراسة حول قيمة نظرية العقد الاجتماعي كأساس دستوري إسلامي يخلق توازنًا في العلاقة بين االسلطات الحاكمة والشعب. وقد اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. وتوصلت إلى عدة نتائج منها: أن نظرية العقد الاجتماعي في الدستورية الإسلامية تقوم على أسس دستورية ومبادئ تسهم في تحقيق توازن العلاقة بين الشعب والحاكم، وتنظيم الحكم بشكل مناسب. كما أنها تحافظ على حقوق الشعب الدستورية في العملية السياسية، والنظام الدستوري المنظم للعملية السياسية، إضافة إلى أنها تتجاوز تفرد الجماعات الخاصة بالأمر من دون الناس. وقد تم التأكيد بشكل خاص على أهمية العلاقة المتبادلة بين الحاكم والشعب، والتي تعد أساسًا للعقد الاجتماعي بينهما، لتحقيق التوازن بين فئات المجتمع المدني والسلطات الحاكمة والشعب. وختامًا، فإن الدراسة تعد بمثابة إسهام في فهم نظرية العقد الاجتماعي في الدستورية الإسلامية وأثرها في العملية السياسية. كما أنها قدمت معطيات حول العلاقة بين الشعب والحاكم والمؤسسات الدستورية المنظمة للحكم
تحديات التنظيم القانوني لتدخل الشخص الثالث أمام المحاكم الإدارية الفلسطينية: دراسة تحليلية مقارنة: CHALLENGES OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF THIRD PARTY INTERVENTION BEFORE THE PALESTINIAN ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS: COMPARATIVE AND ANALYTICAL STUDY
No full textThis research aims to study Legal Regulation of Third Party Intervention before the Palestinian Administrative Courts. by exploring legislative gaps in Articles 30 and 31 of the Decree-Law on Palestinian Administrative Courts, No. 41 of 2020, and seeks to enhance them to ensure justice, equality, and the protection of human rights and freedoms. The research employs a descriptive, analytical, and comparative approach to analyze and compare the legislative texts concerning third-party intervention before administrative courts in Palestinian law with those in the legal systems of comparable countries. Specifically, the research addresses the topics of mandatory and voluntary intervention, including their respective requirements and procedures. The research concludes that there are several gaps and ambiguities concerning the legal regulation of third-party intervention before administrative courts, which leads to inconsistencies in judicial opinions and practices regarding this issue. Therefore, the study recommends amending this legislation to enhance matters related to third-party intervention through the review of legal systems of comparable countries and learning from their experiences. in addition to establishing clear criteria to differentiate between types of intervention and evaluating their impact on the case, thereby supporting a deep understanding of legal practices and providing a framework in Palestinian administrative law.
ملخص البحث
يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة التنظيم القانوني لتدخل الشخص الثالث أمام المحاكم الإدارية الفلسطينية، مستكشفاً الثغرات التشريعية في المادتين (30) و (31) من القرار بقانون بشأن المحاكم الإدارية الفلسطيني رقم (41) لسنة 2020، ويسعى إلى تحسينها لضمان العدالة والمساواة وحماية حقوق الانسان وحرياته، ويستخدم البحث منهجاً وصفياً تحليلياً مقارناً لتحليل ومقارنة النصوص التشريعية المتعلقة بتدخل الشخص الثالث أمام لمحاكم الإدارية في التشريع الفلسطيني مع النظم القانونية للمحاكم الإدارية في الدول المقارنة، من حيث تناول موضوعات التدخل الإلزامي والتدخل الطوعي، بما في ذلك شروطهما وإجراءاتهما، وتوصل البحث إلى وجود العديد من الثغرات والتساؤلات المتعلقة بالتنظيم القانوني لتدخل الشخص الثالث أمام المحاكم الإدارية، الأمر الذي يؤدي إلى وجود اختلافات في الآراء والممارسات القضائية بشأن هذا الموضوع، لذلك يوصي البحث بتعديل هذا التشريع لتحسين المسائل المتعلقة بتدخل الشخص الثالث من خلال مراجعة نظم دول مقارنة والتعلم من تجاربها، إلى جانب وضع معايير واضحة للتمييز بين أنواع التدخل وتقييم تأثيرها على الدعوى، دعمًا لفهم عميق للممارسات القانونية وتوفير إطار مرجعي في القانون الإداري الفلسطيني.This research aims to study Legal Regulation of Third Party Intervention before the Palestinian Administrative Courts. by exploring legislative gaps in Articles 30 and 31 of the Decree-Law on Palestinian Administrative Courts, No. 41 of 2020, and seeks to enhance them to ensure justice, equality, and the protection of human rights and freedoms. The research employs a descriptive, analytical, and comparative approach to analyze and compare the legislative texts concerning third-party intervention before administrative courts in Palestinian law with those in the legal systems of comparable countries. Specifically, the research addresses the topics of mandatory and voluntary intervention, including their respective requirements and procedures. The research concludes that there are several gaps and ambiguities concerning the legal regulation of third-party intervention before administrative courts, which leads to inconsistencies in judicial opinions and practices regarding this issue. Therefore, the study recommends amending this legislation to enhance matters related to third-party intervention through the review of legal systems of comparable countries and learning from their experiences. in addition to establishing clear criteria to differentiate between types of intervention and evaluating their impact on the case, thereby supporting a deep understanding of legal practices and providing a framework in Palestinian administrative law.
ملخص البحث
يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة التنظيم القانوني لتدخل الشخص الثالث أمام المحاكم الإدارية الفلسطينية، مستكشفاً الثغرات التشريعية في المادتين (30) و (31) من القرار بقانون بشأن المحاكم الإدارية الفلسطيني رقم (41) لسنة 2020، ويسعى إلى تحسينها لضمان العدالة والمساواة وحماية حقوق الانسان وحرياته، ويستخدم البحث منهجاً وصفياً تحليلياً مقارناً لتحليل ومقارنة النصوص التشريعية المتعلقة بتدخل الشخص الثالث أمام لمحاكم الإدارية في التشريع الفلسطيني مع النظم القانونية للمحاكم الإدارية في الدول المقارنة، من حيث تناول موضوعات التدخل الإلزامي والتدخل الطوعي، بما في ذلك شروطهما وإجراءاتهما، وتوصل البحث إلى وجود العديد من الثغرات والتساؤلات المتعلقة بالتنظيم القانوني لتدخل الشخص الثالث أمام المحاكم الإدارية، الأمر الذي يؤدي إلى وجود اختلافات في الآراء والممارسات القضائية بشأن هذا الموضوع، لذلك يوصي البحث بتعديل هذا التشريع لتحسين المسائل المتعلقة بتدخل الشخص الثالث من خلال مراجعة نظم دول مقارنة والتعلم من تجاربها، إلى جانب وضع معايير واضحة للتمييز بين أنواع التدخل وتقييم تأثيرها على الدعوى، دعمًا لفهم عميق للممارسات القانونية وتوفير إطار مرجعي في القانون الإداري الفلسطيني
REVISITING THE GOLD AND SILVER NISAB FOR ZAKAT: A NUMISMATIC STUDY OF PROPHETIC ERA DINAR AND DIRHAM WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
Full text linkIn the pivotal second year of Hijrah, a series of momentous events unfolded in Madinah, marking significant transformations within the Muslim community. Central to this period was the divine ordinance of zakat, mandating Muslims to allocate 2.5% of wealth, exceeding the nisab threshold, towards charitable deeds. Historically, this threshold was defined by the weight of 20 gold dinars or 200 silver dirhams, echoing a time predating the metric system\u27s introduction in the late 18th century. This study investigates historical numismatic evidence to scrutinize established weights of dinars and dirhams from the Nabawi era, contrasting traditional values with those determined by contemporary numismatists — approximately 4.25 grams for dinars and 2.975 grams for dirhams, reflecting a 10:7 weight relationship not evident during the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) lifetime nor during the era of his great-grandfather, Hashim ibn ‘Abd Manaf (464-497 CE). The finding reveals discrepancies stemming from the Umayyad Caliph ‘Abd al-Malik’s monetary reforms in the 7th century, which significantly lowered the standard weights of these currencies. By critically examining historical narratives alongside modern numismatic findings, this study proposes an alternative, empirically substantiated taqribi (approximate) definition for the dinar and dirham. This reevaluation not only challenges longstanding fiscal conventions but also aligns with Shaykh Yusuf al-Qaradawi’s assertion on the necessity of redefining zakat thresholds for contemporary application. Findings advocate for a revision back to the nisab’s original standards, thereby honoring directives against altering the Muslim ummah’s monetary foundations, as evidenced by teachings. Through analytical journey, aspiration is to restore authentic nisab values for gold and silver, offering a recalibrated framework for Islamic economic practices
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SYARIAH AND CIVIL LAW IN THE MALAYSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM: DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE POSSIBILITIES
No full textMay I begin by expressing my deepest appreciation for the honour and privilege accorded to me by the Organizing Committee of Tuanku Najihah Syariah and Law Lecture & Kolej Universiti Islam Malaysia for inviting me to deliver the Inaugural Tuanku Najihah Syariah and Law Lecture. It is Indeed an honour, which is greatly augmented by the gracious presence of Her Majesty, the Chancellor of the Islamic University College of Malaysia, who had earlier on officiated the launching ceremony of this Lecture
GUARDIAN\u27S RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE WELFARE OF CHILDREN IN MARRIAGE: A STUDY ACCORDING TO ISLAMIC LAW
Full text linkIn Islam, guardianship is a fundamental pillar of marriage, particularly in cases involving children, highlighting the guardian\u27s critical role in ensuring the child\u27s welfare is fully protected before the marriage is solemnised. This responsibility is essential in preventing potential child abuse arising from the guardian\u27s failure to safeguard the child\u27s rights adequately. This article seeks to elucidate the Islamic legal concept of guardianship in marriage and the guardian\u27s duty to ensure the well-being of children born within the marital union. The analysis extends to key aspects of child welfare that require careful consideration before entering marriage. The research methodology follows a content analysis approach, thoroughly examining textual and contextual elements within Islamic legal sources, scholarly writings, and relevant documents. The research is based on two primary theoretical frameworks, namely Maqasid al-Shari’ah, which provides a comprehensive understanding of how guardianship aligns with the broader objectives of Shari’ah, and Fiqh, which offers a detailed exploration of specific legal rulings across various schools of thought. The findings highlight that, despite the guardian\u27s inherent discretion in facilitating a marriage, Islamic law obliges the guardian to prioritise and take responsibility for the child\u27s welfare. This obligation stems from the understanding that, by overseeing the marriage, the guardian is also accountable for protecting the child from harm throughout the marital period. This study contributes to the scholarly discourse on Islamic family law, providing insights into the theoretical foundations and practical implications of guardianship and child welfare within Islamic marriages
القواعد الناظمة لشركة المضاربة بين النظرية والتطبيق القضائي: دراسة مقارنة بين القانونين الفلسطيني والأردني: THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE SPECULATIVE PARTNERSHIP IN THEORY AND PRACTICE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PALESTINIAN AND JORDANIAN LAW
No full textSpeculative contract is one of the common contracts in practical reality, where a person who owns cash capital or other assets resorts to a merchant and delivers this capital to him for development and investment, and the reason for this contract is either that the owner of capital does not know trade and seeks to achieve profit and investment, or that he wants to increase his income without exerting effort, and we are here before a type of companies but this company has a special nature that does not comply with the rules stipulated in Decree-Law No. 42 of 2021 regarding companies, but rather complies with civil law rules. The research aimed to know the position of the judiciary from the multiple problems raised by the provisions of this contract from its validity, adaptation, distinction from other contracts and termination, and the researcher followed to reach the desired goal an analytical and comparative approach between Palestinian and Jordanian law, and concluded that there are basic controls that must be adhered to by contractors when concluding a speculative contract otherwise invalidity or corruption or conversion of contract into work or lease contract will result, as well as taking into account specific controls when terminating otherwise bearing responsibility for damage by arbitrary termination.
الملخص
إن عقد المضاربة من العقود الشائعة في الواقع العملي، حيث يلجأ شخص يملك رأس مال نقدي أو غيره من الاثمان إلى تاجر ويسلمه رأس المال هذا من أجل تنميته واستثماره، والسبب في قيام هذا العقد إما ان يكون عدم معرفة صاحب رأس المال بالتجارة ويسعى الى تحقيق الربح والاستثمار، أو أنه يريد أن يزيد مداخيله دون أن يبذل مجهود، ونكون هنا أمام نوع من أنواع الشركات ولكن هذه الشركة ذات طبيعة خاصة لا تخضع للقواعد المنصوص عليها في قرار بقانون المتعلق بالشركات 42 لسنة 2021، وانما تخضع لقواعد القانون المدني. وقد هدف البحث الى معرفة موقف القضاء من الإشكاليات المتعددة التي تثيرها أحكام هذا العقد من صحة إبرامه وتكييفه وتمييزه عن غيره من العقود وإنهاءه، وقد اتبع الباحث للوصول إلى الهدف المنشود المنهج التحليلي والمقارن بين القانونين الفلسطيني والأردني، وانتهى البحث إلى ان هناك ضوابط أساسية يجب على المتعاقدين الالتزام بها عند ابرام عقد المضاربة والا ترتب على عدم مراعاتها البطلان أو الفساد أو تحول العقد إلى عقد عمل أو إيجار، كما يجب مراعاة ضوابط محددة عند الانهاء وإلا تحمل المتعسف في الانهاء المسؤولية عن الضرر
PENGGUNAAN SARUNG TELUR MENTADAK DALAM PERUBATAN TRADISIONAL CINA MENURUT PERSPEKTIF FIQH KEPENGGUNAAN: THE USE OF MANTIDIS OOTHECA IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE ACCORDING TO THE FIQH CONSUMERISM PERSPECTIVE
Full text linkConsumer jurisprudence is a branch of the broad jurisprudential debate covering the utilization and use of all natural resources and their contents. Traditional Chinese Medicine as an alternative medicine uses natural resources as a source of medicine. The Mantidis Ootheca in Traditional Chinese Medicine is a substance that comes out through a special accessory gland on the abdomen of the mantis mother and then produces a foamy and hardened structure like polystyrene. It is believed to have various benefits including treating cloudy urine, kidney health, helping in treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and others. However, there is an issue involving the status of the Mantidis Ootheca from the perspective of Islamic law since the egg case is produced from the liquid that comes out through the mantis stomach. The focus of this paper was to clarify the Islamic legislation regarding the use of Mantidis Ootheca in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products from the standpoint of the consumer jurisprudence discussion. The researcher utilized a qualitative method by referring to books of fiqh and usul fiqh to find out the law of using Mantidis Ootheca in products and the liquid flowing from its stomach in medicine. This study emphasize on analyzing the application of rukhsah and istihalah in medicine in unraveling the problem of treatment using Mantidis Ootheca. Standards from halal authorities such as the Department Standards of Malaysia are also reviewed for pharmaceutical manufacturing rules including the requirement of safety assessment. Meanwhile, the researcher also consulted scientific studies to know the benefits, uses and side effects of Mantidis Ootheca in the medical field. According to the study\u27s findings, the use Mantidis Ootheca in medicine is not halal since they are tainted with impurities (najāsah). The egg case that come from mantis are considered disgusting, according to scholars, and should not be eaten. Still, its use in pharmaceuticals needs to be evaluated from the perspective of medical jurisprudence by looking at its level of need in the field. Until now, its use is not reached to an emergency demand as there are still alternative treatments for the related diseases. Frequently it has been consumed as a health supplement rather than the primary component in medications. It also does not meet the safety standards determined by the jurists and according to the MS 2424: 2019 ruling based on current research showing that there is no comprehensive report on toxicity aspects and adverse side effects to users. The study of the pharmaceutical industry should continue to be pioneered by Muslims to ensure the use of halal ingredients in medicine.
Abstrak
Fiqh kepenggunaan merupakan suatu cabang daripada perbahasan ilmu fiqh yang luas meliputi pemanfaatan dan penggunaan segala sumber alam dan seisinya. Perubatan Tradisional Cina sebagai suatu perubatan alternatif banyak mengambil sumber alam semula jadi sebagai sumber perubatan. Sarung telur mentadak atau Mantidis Ootheca dalam Perubatan Tradisional Cina ialah suatu bahan yang keluar melalui kelenjar aksesori khas pada perut ibu mantis seterusnya menghasilkan sebuah struktur berbuih dan mengeras seperti polisterin. Ianya dipercayai mempunyai pelbagai khasiat antaranya merawat air kencing yang keruh, kesihatan ginjal, membantu dalam merawat Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) dan lain-lain. Namun, timbul isu melibatkan status sarung telur tersebut dari perspektif hukum Islam memandangkan sarung telur itu terhasil daripada cecair yang keluar melalui perut serangga. Kertas ini ditulis bertujuan menjelaskan hukum penggunaan sarung telur mentadak dalam perubatan menurut perspektif perbahasan fiqh kepenggunaan. Pengkaji menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan menjadikan kitab-kitab fiqh, usul fiqh dan fatwa-fatwa di Malaysia sebagai rujukan bagi mengetahui hukum penggunaan mentadak dan cecair yang keluar dari perut mentadak dalam perubatan. Kajian ini juga menumpukan analisis terhadap aplikasi konsep darurat dan istihalah dalam perubatan dalam merungkai permasalahan rawatan menggunakan sarung telur mentadak. Piawaian badan halal berautoriti seperti Jabatan Standard Malaysia turut diteliti untuk mengetahui peraturan dalam penghasilan produk farmaseutikal termasuk aspek penilaian keselamatan yang perlu dipatuhi. Selain itu, pengkaji turut merujuk kajian-kajian saintifik untuk mengetahui khasiat, kegunaan serta kesan sampingan telur mentadak dalam bidang perubatan. Hasil kajian mendapati penggunaan telur mentadak adalah tidak halal kerana mengandungi unsur najis. Telur yang keluar daripada serangga dianggap suatu yang menjijikkan menurut pandangan ulama serta tidak boleh dimakan. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaannya dalam perubatan perlu dinilai dari perspektif fiqh perubatan dengan melihat tahap keperluannya dalam bidang tersebut. Sehingga kini, penggunaannya tidak mencapai tahap darurat kerana masih terdapat rawatan alternatif bagi penyakit-penyakit yang berkaitan. Malah penggunaan Mantidis Ootheca dalam farmaseutikal hanya melibatkan unsur tambahan yang membantu aspek kesihatan dan bukannya sebagai ramuan utama dalam penghasilan sesuatu ubat-ubatan. Ia juga tidak menepati piawaian keselamatan yang digariskan oleh fuqaha dan ketetapan MS 2424:2019 berdasarkan kajian semasa yang menunjukkan tiada laporan yang tuntas mengenai aspek toksikologi dan kesan sampingan berbahaya kepada pengguna. Kajian terhadap industri farmaseutikal ini sewajarnya terus dipelopori oleh umat Islam bagi memastikan penggunaan bahan yang halal dalam perubatan
أسلوب التعامل مع الخلافات الفقهية: مراجعة كتاب الموافقات للإمام الشاطبي. دار الكتب العلمية، ٢٠٠٥، ٥٨٠ صفحة، ISBN: ٢-٧٤٥١-١٥٣٠-٨، (غلاف صلب): THE APPROACH TO DEALING WITH JURISPRUDENTIAL DISAGREEMENTS: A REVIEW OF THE BOOK AL-MUWĀFAQĀT BY IMAM AL-SHĀṬIBĪ. DAR AL-KUTUB AL-ILMIYYAH, 2005, 580 PP., ISBN: 2-7451-1530-8, (HARD COVER)
No full textThe manifestations of differences in Islamic jurisprudential branches have been evident since the early Islamic period, emerging in the ijtihād (independent reasoning) of the Companions after the Prophet\u27s (PBUH) death and continuing in subsequent eras. Initially, ijtihād was not a cause of conflict and division, but a means to define concepts that lead to the truth. However, over time the differences devolved into sectarian fanaticism and blind adherence to opinions, leading to discord within the Muslim community. This study examines the efforts of Imam al-Shātibī in reconciling the viewpoints of jurists and legal theorists on issues amenable to convergence and unity, and his proposed approach to dealing with madhhab (school of thought) differences, through an analysis of his seminal work "al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Sharīcah". This study employs an inductive-analytical approach, tracing and analyzing the relevant content in al-Shātibī\u27s al-Muwāfaqāt, as well as a comparative method to contrast Imam al-Shatibi\u27s views with those of others, in order to highlight his contributions and limitations, and validate the findings. The study concludes that Imam al-Shatibi\u27s efforts in this regard were focused on affirming the principle of "consideration of disagreement" (murācāt al-khilāf). This work is found to be beneficial and deserving of further scholarly attention to address the reprehensible differences in the Muslim world. Finally, this research provides a valuable contribution to the international scholarship on Islamic jurisprudence and legal theory, by shedding light on a critical and timely issue of sectarian divisions, and highlighting the constructive approach proposed by a prominent Islamic scholar, Imam al-Shatibi, to address this challenge.
الملخص
في الحقيقة أنَّ مظاهر الخلافات في الفروع الفقهيَّة قد ظهرت بوضوح منذ بداية العهد الأوَّل، وتبيّن ذلك في اجتهادات الصَّحابة بعد وفاة النبي -صلّى الله عليه وسلّم-، ثمّ ما تلاه من العصور. وفي بداية الأمر، لم يكن حدوث الاجتهاد سببًا في النِّزاع والفرقة، ولكن كان وسيلة إلى تحديد مفاهيم الأشياء، بل للوصول إلى الحقِّ. ولكن بمرور الزمن تحوّل الخلاف إلى التَّعصب المذهبي وقبول الرَّأي بلا حجة ممَّا أدَّى إلى النِّزاع بين الأمَّة. هذه الدِّراسة عن جهود الإمام الشَّاطبي – رحمة الله عليه - في تقريب وجهة نظر الفقهاء والأصوليين في المسائل التي تقبل التَّقارب والاتِّحاد، ومحاولة الإتيان بأسلوب التعامل مع الخلافات المذهبية، وذلك عبر قراءة كتابه النَّفيس "الموافقات في أصول الشَّريعة"، حيث تميَّزت طريقة الشَّاطبي الأصوليَّة في معالجة هذا الموضوع من خلال اقتراح قواعد مقاصدية في ذلك. واعتمدت الدِّراسة على المنهج الاستقرائي والتَّحليلي، وذلك بتتبُّع ما أورده الإمام الشاطبي في كتابه الموافقات وجمع المعلومات ذات العلاقة بالموضوع وتحليلها، كما استخدمت المنهج المقارن لمقارنة آراء الإمام بغيره، لإبراز ما للإمام وما عليه، وللتأكُّد من سلامة نتائج التَّنـزيل والتَّطبيق. وتوصّلت الدِّراسة إلى أنَّ جهود الإمام الشَّاطبي في هذا الصّدد منصبة على تأكيد الإمام قاعدة مراعاة الخلاف. وأخيرًا خلُصت الدِّراسة إلى أنَّ هذا العمل نافع وينبغي أن توجه تجاهه أقلام العلماء والباحثين للقضاء على الاختلاف المذموم في العالم الإسلامي.The manifestations of differences in Islamic jurisprudential branches have been evident since the early Islamic period, emerging in the ijtihād (independent reasoning) of the Companions after the Prophet\u27s (PBUH) death and continuing in subsequent eras. Initially, ijtihād was not a cause of conflict and division, but a means to define concepts that lead to the truth. However, over time the differences devolved into sectarian fanaticism and blind adherence to opinions, leading to discord within the Muslim community. This study examines the efforts of Imam al-Shātibī in reconciling the viewpoints of jurists and legal theorists on issues amenable to convergence and unity, and his proposed approach to dealing with madhhab (school of thought) differences, through an analysis of his seminal work "al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Sharīcah". This study employs an inductive-analytical approach, tracing and analyzing the relevant content in al-Shātibī\u27s al-Muwāfaqāt, as well as a comparative method to contrast Imam al-Shatibi\u27s views with those of others, in order to highlight his contributions and limitations, and validate the findings. The study concludes that Imam al-Shatibi\u27s efforts in this regard were focused on affirming the principle of "consideration of disagreement" (murācāt al-khilāf). This work is found to be beneficial and deserving of further scholarly attention to address the reprehensible differences in the Muslim world. Finally, this research provides a valuable contribution to the international scholarship on Islamic jurisprudence and legal theory, by shedding light on a critical and timely issue of sectarian divisions, and highlighting the constructive approach proposed by a prominent Islamic scholar, Imam al-Shatibi, to address this challenge.
الملخص
في الحقيقة أنَّ مظاهر الخلافات في الفروع الفقهيَّة قد ظهرت بوضوح منذ بداية العهد الأوَّل، وتبيّن ذلك في اجتهادات الصَّحابة بعد وفاة النبي -صلّى الله عليه وسلّم-، ثمّ ما تلاه من العصور. وفي بداية الأمر، لم يكن حدوث الاجتهاد سببًا في النِّزاع والفرقة، ولكن كان وسيلة إلى تحديد مفاهيم الأشياء، بل للوصول إلى الحقِّ. ولكن بمرور الزمن تحوّل الخلاف إلى التَّعصب المذهبي وقبول الرَّأي بلا حجة ممَّا أدَّى إلى النِّزاع بين الأمَّة. هذه الدِّراسة عن جهود الإمام الشَّاطبي – رحمة الله عليه - في تقريب وجهة نظر الفقهاء والأصوليين في المسائل التي تقبل التَّقارب والاتِّحاد، ومحاولة الإتيان بأسلوب التعامل مع الخلافات المذهبية، وذلك عبر قراءة كتابه النَّفيس "الموافقات في أصول الشَّريعة"، حيث تميَّزت طريقة الشَّاطبي الأصوليَّة في معالجة هذا الموضوع من خلال اقتراح قواعد مقاصدية في ذلك. واعتمدت الدِّراسة على المنهج الاستقرائي والتَّحليلي، وذلك بتتبُّع ما أورده الإمام الشاطبي في كتابه الموافقات وجمع المعلومات ذات العلاقة بالموضوع وتحليلها، كما استخدمت المنهج المقارن لمقارنة آراء الإمام بغيره، لإبراز ما للإمام وما عليه، وللتأكُّد من سلامة نتائج التَّنـزيل والتَّطبيق. وتوصّلت الدِّراسة إلى أنَّ جهود الإمام الشَّاطبي في هذا الصّدد منصبة على تأكيد الإمام قاعدة مراعاة الخلاف. وأخيرًا خلُصت الدِّراسة إلى أنَّ هذا العمل نافع وينبغي أن توجه تجاهه أقلام العلماء والباحثين للقضاء على الاختلاف المذموم في العالم الإسلامي
LAND AS THE SOUL OF THE NATION: IMPLICATIONS OF THE TRANSITION OF LAND STATUS IN THE TALANG MAMAK CUSTOMARY LAW COMMUNITY
Full text linkThe land reflects the identity and spirit of the nation that are ingrained in the life of the Talang Mamak indigenous community, in addition to serving as an economic resource. Change in land status has several implications for their relationship with the land and its management. The purpose of this study is to examine the position of land for the Talang Mamak indigenous people. In addition, it analyses the implications of changing the status of land from customary forest to national park forest. This qualitative study employs the sociological law research approach by looking into the legal facts of the indigenous society of Talang Mamak in light of their relationship, ownership, and management of land. The main finding of this study is that the value of that land, due to its significant meaning and position, cannot be isolated from the Talang Mamak indigenous people. Nevertheless, the change in land status has created gaps and limited rights in forest management, highlighting several implications for the identity of the Talang Mamak indigenous people
THE IMPACT OF COLONIALISM AND NATIONALISM ON THE MARGINALIZATION OF ISLAMIC LAW IN THE MUSLIM WORLD
Full text linkIslamic law was once the mainstream legal system in the world, but due to various reasons, especially Western colonialism and nationalism, it has in fact declined. Therefore, the purpose of this article is focused to conduct a longitudinal analysis of impact on Islamic law during the colonialist and then nationalist periods. The study was conducted by way of content analysis as well as through the application of inductive and deductive methodologies. The conclusion drawn is that the decline of Islamic law is hindered by the infiltration of Western secularist laws and the internal obstacles from Muslim nation-states, nevertheless Islamic law has never stopped moving forward. There are two main reasons for this is, first, because Western laws are in fact an experiential product developed by Western countries in a specific historical context and which only represents the ideology of Western societies and their citizens. Second, although the nationalist elites of Muslim nation-states have seriously reflected on Western laws in the process of development, combined with the guided willingness of the general public, Islamic law has been deliberately marginalized. In fact, due to the destructive influence of colonial forces as well as the nationalization by Muslims themselves, the function of Islamic law in all aspects of life has been weakened, and then the crisis brought to the Muslim world by this is unprecedented