Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law (MJSL)
Not a member yet
321 research outputs found
Sort by
THE LEGAL CAPACITY (AL-AHLIYYAH) OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FROM AN ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENTIAL PERSPECTIVE
Full text linkCapacity is the legal right and empowerment of a legal person to individual responsibility. A legal person has the right to social, economic, and political duties and responsibilities in the society to sue and be sued in the law court. However, the issue of artificial persons has been gaining attention in recent times, especially its legal capacity. This paper examines the legal capacity of Artificial Intelligence from Islamic jurisprudential perspective. For instance, legal and juristic issues remain around the legal capacity of humanoids like Sophia Robot which was granted the first full citizenship in Saudi Arabia. Does that citizenship translate to full rights and responsibility like a normal human? The study uses a qualitative method to employ the doctrinal approach of analyzing Islamic jurisprudential opinions on the legal personality of an artificial person. Although there are Islamic thresholds on minors and other interdicted persons, however, the study explores the extent of interpolating classical Islamic rulings of the legal capacity of certain corporations, entities, and interdicted persons on the artificial intelligence robot. The study found that an artificial intelligence robot does not have the complete traits to be considered for natural legal capacity. However, AI has the trait of artificial personality that is justified in Islamic jurisprudence. The vicarious tortious liability can be interpolated on the artificial personality of AI to ensure the protection of the public interest. Therefore, this study lays the groundwork for further studies in understanding how Islamic law can address the rights, responsibilities, and ethical considerations surrounding the use of AI, thereby facilitating the development of comprehensive, and religiously sensitive regulatory frameworks
THE ROLE OF THE RELIGIOUS SCHOLARS OF FAQIH ALI DATO’ MAHARAJA’S DESCENT IN UPHOLDING SHARIA IMPLEMENTATION IN TERENGGANU
Full text linkFaqih Ali Dato’ Maharaja is a well-known figure among local historians, particularly among those who study prominent religious scholars in Southeast Asia. His descendants contributed significantly to promoting the sustainability of Islamic teaching in Terengganu. Islam was upheld as the principle of Terengganu\u27s sovereignty, forming the basis of its constitutional system, thus legitimizing the position of Sharia as the law of the land. This was manifested on the Inscribed Stone dated 4 Rejab 702H. Nevertheless, the role of the descendants of Faqih Ali have not been a focal point in academic writing. The paucity of literature and elucidation within this domain serves as the basis for this study. This article aims to investigate the role of prominent religious scholars of Faqih Ali Dato’ Maharaja\u27s descent in upholding the implementation of Sharia in the Terengganu Sultanate until the Independence Day of Tanah Melayu in 1957. This study is qualitative in nature and employs historical research methods. Data were obtained from archival documents, government publications, field research, and secondary sources. Findings show that the preservation of the Sharia legacy in Terengganu since the discovery of the Inscribed Stone was influenced significantly by the substantial contributions of religious scholars who were also the administrators of Faqih Ali Dato’ Maharaja’s descent, evidenced by the legislation of Itqanul Muluk bi Ta\u27dil al-Suluk in 1911 and its extension, the Terengganu State Constitution. Hence, the practice of Sharia before 1957, was not confined to personal affairs as understood by many; by virtue of the Federal Constitution, the public affairs of Sharia are now entrusted to public authorities at the federal level unless those matters are retained in the state administration
THE RISE OF ISLAMIC FINANCE IN KYRGYZSTAN: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS
Full text linkThis study examines the burgeoning field of Islamic banking within the Kyrgyz Republic, where Islamic financial institutions have globally amassed assets exceeding $300 billion across 75 countries. Focusing on the theoretical and practical aspects of introducing and expanding Islamic banking in Kyrgyzstan, particularly through the case of Eco-Islamicbank OJSC, the research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the sector\u27s current state, challenges, and future potential. Employing a variety of methodologies including system analysis and comparative methods, and drawing on the works of both international and local scholars in Islamic finance, the study outlines practical recommendations for the sector\u27s development. The analysis reveals Eco-Islamicbank\u27s relative stability as a positive indicator of the sector\u27s viability. It underscores the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic\u27s commitment to fostering Islamic banking as a means to diversify financial services and enhance sector competition. The research highlights the strategic importance of Islamic banking for the Kyrgyz Republic, suggesting its capacity to attract Islamic investments and recommending the expansion of international relations and partnerships with global Islamic financial entities. This contributes to the international scholarship on Islamic banking, illustrating its significance and potential impact on the Kyrgyz economy and beyond.
CAN ISLAMIC CROWDFUNDING UNLOCK NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR ISLAMIC BANKING IN MALAYSIA?
Full text linkIn recent times, digital crowdfunding has become a popular financial platform for funding thanks to financial technology and globalization through the internet. These platforms have become a viable financing alternative for so-called unbankable groups, including micro and semi-medium enterprises (SMEs). It is argued that crowdfunding can become a practical alternative to the role of banks as financial intermediaries. This study therefore analyses the potential prospects of Islamic crowdfunding in Malaysia as a complement to the Islamic banking sector. Through a qualitative design, this study utilises semi-structured interviews with experts and practitioners in the field of Islamic banking and crowdfunding. The data were then analysed thematically. Although the future relationship between Islamic crowdfunding and the Islamic banking sector is not clear, this study argues that Islamic crowdfunding will not be a substitute for the Islamic banking sector, but rather could be a complement to Islamic banks. In this regard, it makes sense to build a strategic partnership and co-operate with each other to provide benefits to both sides. Future research is recommended to further advance the exploration of Islamic crowdfunding, as there is still much to improve and this new industry faces issues and challenges of potential significance. At the same time, both institutions can enter into a strategic partnership and work together to achieve benefits for both sides. Even though the result of this research does not reflect the whole country, it contributes to a better practise of both Islamic crowdfunding and Islamic banking
المقاصد التشريعية والأخلاقية من آيات الأطعمة: دراسة تحليلية مقاصدية: LEGISLATIVE AND ETHICAL PURPOSES OF VERSES RELATED TO FOOD: A PURPOSIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY
No full textThe research aims to highlight the legislative and ethical purposes that have been overlooked in the verses related to food. Scholars have focused their attention on discussing the rulings and etiquettes related to food, neglecting the extraction of legislative and ethical purposes embedded in these verses. This has had a significant negative impact on the interaction of Muslims with the verses concerning food in their religious and economic aspects. It has also facilitated the European Union in issuing its first approval from the health authority for the consumption of insects as an alternative food to halal food. This situation has led to this research being conducted to derive legislative and ethical purposes from the verses about food. The study aims to help Muslims and Westerners have a deeper understanding of the objectives and purposes behind these legislations, emphasizing the balance between legislative and ethical purposes in accordance with the principles and rules of Islamic law. The research employed an analytical approach to derive the purposes from a jurisprudential perspective. Several results were identified, the most significant of which is that highlighting the legislative and ethical purposes in the verses about food demonstrates the merit of preserving human life, unlike secular laws. The elements of generality, necessity, abandonment, coercion, and specificity in the verses about food are form some of the most important precepts. Ethical purposes complement legislative purposes in the verses about food, as to separate the rulings from ethics is to divest from the all-embracing context of the provisions of the Sharia. Ethical purposes take precedence over legislative purposes in terms of action and attention, as they represent a general purpose in Islamic law.
ملخص البحث
يهدف البحث إلى إبراز المقاصد التشريعية والأخلاقية التي غابتْ عن آيات الأطعمة، فقد تركز اهتمام العلماء حول مناقشة الأحكام والآداب المتعلقة بالأطعمة وأغفلوا تَثوير المقاصد التشريعية والأخلاقية، التي تحملها هذه الآيات. مما أدى إلى تأثير سلبي كبير على تفاعل المسلمين مع آيات الاطعمة في جوانب حياتهم الدينية، والاقتصادية، كما سهَّل أيضا للاتحاد الأوربي بإصدار أول موافقه من الهيئة الصحية باستهلاك الحشرات كغذاء بديل للطيبات الحلال. وهذا ما جعل الباحث يعمل جاهدا على استنباط المقاصد التشريعية والأخلاقية من آيات الأطعمة؛ لتساهما في مساعدة المسلمين والغربيين بفهمٍ أعمق حول الأهداف والغايات من وراء هذه التشريعات، ويبرز التوازن بين المقاصد التشريعية والأخلاقية بما يتوافق مع ضوابط وقواعد الشريعة الإسلامية. وقد اتَّبع الباحث المنهج التحليلي لاستنباط المقاصد من منظور أصولي. وقد توصل الباحث إلى عدة نتائج أهمها إثارة المقاصد التشريعية والأخلاقية في آيات الأطعمة أظهرتا جمال الذوق التشريعي في الحفاظ على الحياة الإنسانية بخلاف القوانين الوضعية. جانب العموم ووجوب الترك، والاضطرار، والتقيد والتفصيل في آيات الأطعمة تعتبر من أهم الأركان الرئيسية لاستنتاج المقاصد.The research aims to highlight the legislative and ethical purposes that have been overlooked in the verses related to food. Scholars have focused their attention on discussing the rulings and etiquettes related to food, neglecting the extraction of legislative and ethical purposes embedded in these verses. This has had a significant negative impact on the interaction of Muslims with the verses concerning food in their religious and economic aspects. It has also facilitated the European Union in issuing its first approval from the health authority for the consumption of insects as an alternative food to halal food. This situation has led to this research being conducted to derive legislative and ethical purposes from the verses about food. The study aims to help Muslims and Westerners have a deeper understanding of the objectives and purposes behind these legislations, emphasizing the balance between legislative and ethical purposes in accordance with the principles and rules of Islamic law. The research employed an analytical approach to derive the purposes from a jurisprudential perspective. Several results were identified, the most significant of which is that highlighting the legislative and ethical purposes in the verses about food demonstrates the merit of preserving human life, unlike secular laws. The elements of generality, necessity, abandonment, coercion, and specificity in the verses about food are form some of the most important precepts. Ethical purposes complement legislative purposes in the verses about food, as to separate the rulings from ethics is to divest from the all-embracing context of the provisions of the Sharia. Ethical purposes take precedence over legislative purposes in terms of action and attention, as they represent a general purpose in Islamic law.
ملخص البحث
يهدف البحث إلى إبراز المقاصد التشريعية والأخلاقية التي غابتْ عن آيات الأطعمة، فقد تركز اهتمام العلماء حول مناقشة الأحكام والآداب المتعلقة بالأطعمة وأغفلوا تَثوير المقاصد التشريعية والأخلاقية، التي تحملها هذه الآيات. مما أدى إلى تأثير سلبي كبير على تفاعل المسلمين مع آيات الاطعمة في جوانب حياتهم الدينية، والاقتصادية، كما سهَّل أيضا للاتحاد الأوربي بإصدار أول موافقه من الهيئة الصحية باستهلاك الحشرات كغذاء بديل للطيبات الحلال. وهذا ما جعل الباحث يعمل جاهدا على استنباط المقاصد التشريعية والأخلاقية من آيات الأطعمة؛ لتساهما في مساعدة المسلمين والغربيين بفهمٍ أعمق حول الأهداف والغايات من وراء هذه التشريعات، ويبرز التوازن بين المقاصد التشريعية والأخلاقية بما يتوافق مع ضوابط وقواعد الشريعة الإسلامية. وقد اتَّبع الباحث المنهج التحليلي لاستنباط المقاصد من منظور أصولي. وقد توصل الباحث إلى عدة نتائج أهمها إثارة المقاصد التشريعية والأخلاقية في آيات الأطعمة أظهرتا جمال الذوق التشريعي في الحفاظ على الحياة الإنسانية بخلاف القوانين الوضعية. جانب العموم ووجوب الترك، والاضطرار، والتقيد والتفصيل في آيات الأطعمة تعتبر من أهم الأركان الرئيسية لاستنتاج المقاصد
NAMA HARAM TAPI PRODUK HALAL: PANDANGAN DARI PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG MALAYSIA DAN HUKUM ISLAM: HARAM NAME FOR HALAL PRODUCT: A VIEW FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MALAYSIAN LAW AND ISLAMIC LAW
Full text linkThe nomenclature of a subject matter represents the inherent characteristics and attributes of an item. In the context of the food sector, there exists a strong correlation between the name and commercial impact of a particular product. The choice of the name of a product names is significant for purposes of branding and marketing. Nevertheless, some parties combine illegal and permissible elements in the process of choosing product names, such as “hotdog”, “beer”, and others. The combination of brand names for halal products has become a subject of contention among Muslim scholars and customers, due to the ambiguity surrounding their halal status. This study examines the legal and Islamic implications of associating a halal product with a name that imputes prohibited elements from the perspective of the evidences found in al-Quran and hadith and the country\u27s halal regulatory framework and the Shariah as a whole. Library research and content analysis are employed as methodologies to obtain relevant information on the subject matter of this research. The results of this study indicate that the definition of halal, as outlined in the halal legislation of this country is limited and is only restricted to food ingredients, products and services. Further, there exists a loophole in the powers conferred upon the relevant agencies to ascertain the suitability of the nomenclature to be in accordance with the principles of the Shariah, thereby ensuring adherence to the concept of halalan tayyiban in its entirety for each halal product.
Abstrak
Nama melambangkan identiti sesuatu benda. Dalam industri makanan, hal ini sangat berkait rapat dengan pengaruh komersial bagi satu-satu produk. Berikutan itu, pemilihan nama produk penting bagi tujuan penjenamaan dan pemasaran. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat pihak yang menggandingkan unsur-unsur haram dan halal dalam pemilihan nama produk seperti Hotdog, Beer dan sebagainya. Penggabungan nama seperti ini bagi produk halal menjadi pertikaian dalam kalangan ulama dan pengguna kerana mendatangkan kekeliruan terhadap status halalnya. Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian ini membahas status penamaan sesuatu produk halal yang digandingkan dengan nama yang mempunyai unsur haram dari perspektif kerangka nas al-Quran dan hadis, perundangan halal negara dan hukum Islam. Kajian kepustakaan dan analisis dokumen digunakan untuk mendapatkan maklumat kajian. Hasil kajian mendapati konsep halal yang ditakrifkan di bawah kerangka perundangan halal negara sangat terhad dan hanya terpakai kepada kandungan makanan, barangan atau perkhidmatan sahaja. Malahan terdapat juga kelompongan terhadap kuasa agensi yang berkaitan dalam memastikan penggunaan nama yang bersesuaian yang selari dengan prinsip syariah dalam menjamin pematuhan konsep halalan tayyiban secara kolektif bagi satu-satu produk halal
العقود الذكيّة وآفاق تطبيقها في المصرفية الاجتماعية: رؤية فقهية مقاصدية: SMART CONTRACTS AND THEIR APPLICATION PROSPECTS IN SOCIAL BANKING: A MAQASID JURISPRUDENTIAL PERSPECTIVE
No full textThis research paper aims to explore aspects of smart contract technology in Islamic finance, focusing on its legitimacy, objectives, and potential applications in Islamic social finance. This study relies on comparative qualitative analysis methodology and revolves around discussing the nature of smart contracts, the challenges related to their formulation and implementation, regulatory frameworks, and the cryptocurrencies used within them. The study presents proposed models for utilizing smart contracts in Islamic social finance and uses comparisons between different experiences to provide in-depth insights.This article also presents proposed models for leveraging smart contracts in Islamic social finance, using a comparative qualitative analysis approach. The study underscores the significance of integrating new innovations to maintain leadership in finance, as Islamic finance seeks to integrate its principles with Sharia-compliant systems and develop products that combine technological excellence with Sharia compliance. This study provides important findings and valuable recommendations for integrating smart contracts into Islamic social finance, contributing to enhancing innovations and developing advanced financial tools that effectively meet market needs while complying with Sharia principles.
ملخص البحث
هذه الورقة البحثية تهدف إلى استكشاف جوانب تقنية العقود الذكية في المالية الإسلامية، مركزة على شرعيتها، وأهدافها، واستخداماتها المحتملة في التمويل الاجتماعي الإسلامي. يتمحور منهج الدراسة حول مناقشة طبيعة العقود الذكية، والمشكلات المتعلقة بصياغتها وتنفيذها، والأطر التنظيمية لها، والعملات المشفرة المستخدمة ضمنها. كما يقدم الورق نماذج مقترحة للاستفادة من العقود الذكية في التمويل الاجتماعي الإسلامي، باستخدام منهج تحليلي نوعي مقارن. وتبرز أهمية الدراسة في الحاجة الملحة إلى اعتماد الابتكارات الجديدة للحفاظ على الريادة في المالية، حيث تسعى المالية الإسلامية لدمج مبادئها مع الأنظمة المتوافقة مع الشريعة وتطوير منتجات تجمع بين التميز التكنولوجي والامتثال الشرعي. الدراسة تأتي بنتائج مهمة وتوصيات قيمة لدمج العقود الذكية في التمويل الاجتماعي الإسلامي، مما يسهم في تعزيز الابتكارات وتطوير أدوات مالية متقدمة تلبي احتياجات السوق بشكل أكثر فعالية وامتثالًا للشريعة.This research paper aims to explore aspects of smart contract technology in Islamic finance, focusing on its legitimacy, objectives, and potential applications in Islamic social finance. This study relies on comparative qualitative analysis methodology and revolves around discussing the nature of smart contracts, the challenges related to their formulation and implementation, regulatory frameworks, and the cryptocurrencies used within them. The study presents proposed models for utilizing smart contracts in Islamic social finance and uses comparisons between different experiences to provide in-depth insights.This article also presents proposed models for leveraging smart contracts in Islamic social finance, using a comparative qualitative analysis approach. The study underscores the significance of integrating new innovations to maintain leadership in finance, as Islamic finance seeks to integrate its principles with Sharia-compliant systems and develop products that combine technological excellence with Sharia compliance. This study provides important findings and valuable recommendations for integrating smart contracts into Islamic social finance, contributing to enhancing innovations and developing advanced financial tools that effectively meet market needs while complying with Sharia principles.
ملخص البحث
هذه الورقة البحثية تهدف إلى استكشاف جوانب تقنية العقود الذكية في المالية الإسلامية، مركزة على شرعيتها، وأهدافها، واستخداماتها المحتملة في التمويل الاجتماعي الإسلامي. يتمحور منهج الدراسة حول مناقشة طبيعة العقود الذكية، والمشكلات المتعلقة بصياغتها وتنفيذها، والأطر التنظيمية لها، والعملات المشفرة المستخدمة ضمنها. كما يقدم الورق نماذج مقترحة للاستفادة من العقود الذكية في التمويل الاجتماعي الإسلامي، باستخدام منهج تحليلي نوعي مقارن. وتبرز أهمية الدراسة في الحاجة الملحة إلى اعتماد الابتكارات الجديدة للحفاظ على الريادة في المالية، حيث تسعى المالية الإسلامية لدمج مبادئها مع الأنظمة المتوافقة مع الشريعة وتطوير منتجات تجمع بين التميز التكنولوجي والامتثال الشرعي. الدراسة تأتي بنتائج مهمة وتوصيات قيمة لدمج العقود الذكية في التمويل الاجتماعي الإسلامي، مما يسهم في تعزيز الابتكارات وتطوير أدوات مالية متقدمة تلبي احتياجات السوق بشكل أكثر فعالية وامتثالًا للشريعة
PRESERVING PATIENT AUTONOMY AT THE END OF LIFE: A LEGAL APPRAISAL OF THE POSITION OF ADVANCED MEDICAL DIRECTIVES IN MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA
Full text linkRespect for patient autonomy is a bioethical principle that has become increasingly imperative, particularly in the 21st century. However, in many Asian countries, medical paternalism to a larger degree remains prevalent in the healthcare setting. While a doctor is ethically and legally bound to respect a patient\u27s values and wishes in administering treatment, the duty to do so is more complex in end-of-life care, where the patient is unable to partake in the decision-making process. Accordingly, it has been argued that advanced medical directives (AMDs) could ensure that the patient\u27s right to make autonomous decisions is preserved and will not be defeated by any future incapacity. It also serves to extenuate the ethical dilemma faced by doctors in determining the course of treatment according to the incompetent patient\u27s wishes. In turn, this facilitates healthcare providers to manage the distribution of scarce medical resources effectively. The need for AMDs is seen to be increasingly pressing in ageing countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia, where end-of-life care has yet to be integrated into mainstream healthcare services. This paper seeks to discuss the viability of integrating AMDs into the Malaysian and Indonesian regulatory frameworks on health care, by employing the qualitative method of content analysis of both primary and secondary sources of the two countries. Findings show that statutory reform is both recommended and necessary to ensure better management of medical resources, as well as to promote the delivery of a more inclusive and compassionate healthcare system
DIGITAL ETHICS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN SAUDI ARABIA AND UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Full text linkArtificial intelligence (AI) poses a serious challenge for data protection and ethics. Whereas ethics is based on the moral and religious understanding of good and evil, adherence to religious norms is vital for many nations. In Islam, privacy is a fundamental value that is deeply rooted in the principles of Shariah law and focuses on the dignity of the individual, personal boundaries and moral behaviour. Therefore, the use of AI technologies by Islamic nations raises concerns about the compatibility of these traditional privacy norms with ethical frameworks for AI. To ensure that the field of AI is not only innovative but also morally and religiously acceptable, an optimal balance between ethical governance and technological advancement must be maintained. This study examines the approaches of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates in integrating Islamic ethics and privacy rules into their ethical frameworks for AI. The study utilised qualitative methods, including descriptive and content analyses, combined with a comparative approach from data collected through documentary method. The transition from Islamic ethics to digital Islamic ethics experienced the significant influence of Islamic business ethics, which places a strong emphasis on justice, accountability and human dignity. Future studies on digital Islamic ethics need to follow the pace of technological advancement and identify the future ethical risks and gaps. The Islamic concept of privacy is unique. It differs from the Western legal approach in that it emphasises the importance of adherence to Shariah teachings and provides a strict and clear explanation for desirable behaviour in doubtful and ambiguous cases. The digital age requires the evolution of the Islamic concept of privacy to address the ethical and legal challenges posed by technological advances. The ethical frameworks for AI adopted by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates illustrate the integration of cultural and ethical values with technological innovation. The governments attach great importance to harmonising security and privacy with Islamic principles. Both countries demonstrate how universal ethical rules for AI can be adapted to national circumstances. A customised ethical framework will therefore not only promote innovation and technological progress, but also ensure that these are in line with national ethical standards, cultural and religious values and societal needs
UNVEILING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PROPOSING HIBAH AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO NAFKAH SECURITY FOR WIDOWS
Full text linkIn recent years, there has been increasing interest in the study and promotion of hibah (gifts) as one of the alternatives in Islamic estate planning. This paper aims to shed light on the instrument of hibah as an alternative payment for nafkah (alimony) to the wife as security for maintaining the widow’s claim to the husband’s property after the husband\u27s death. This study adopts a doctrinal approach as it requires an examination of the legislation relating to hibah and nafkah based on several legal provisions from the various statutes in Malaysia. This approach is important to clarify the current and existing legal provisions relating to hibah and nafkah from the various statutes as a specific hibah and nafkah law has not yet been enacted in Malaysia. Finally, this study is also based on library-based research where the data were collected from primary and secondary sources. Overall, this study provides valuable information on the existing legal provisions on hibah and nafkah in Malaysia and makes some important recommendations to safeguard the rights of women in property distribution, especially widows. It takes into account that Islam encourages the practise of systematic estate planning to ensure the rights of heirs to the deceased’s assets. The findings of this study will raise awareness of the need for proper wealth planning by the hibah for women, which will ultimately benefit widows after the death of their husbands