Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law (MJSL)
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نسب ولد اللعان وميراثه : دراسة مقارنة بين الشّريعة الإسلامية والقانون الماليزي: CHILD’S LINEAGE OF AL-LI’AN (OATH OF CONDEMNATION) AND HIS INHERITANCE RIGHTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ISLAMIC AND MALAYSIAN LAW
No full textAbstract in Arabic:
إن نسب ولد اللّعان وميراثه من أبيه الذي نفاه ولاعن على نفيه، يعدّ من المسائل التي لها اعتبارها في الشّريعة والقانون، وذلك لتعدّي الأثر المترتّب على نفي نسبه من أبيه، إلى حرمانه من الميراث من هذا الأب وأسرته، وقد أقرّت بعض المحاكم تحليل البصمة الوراثية عند نفي نسب الولد، وهنا تكمن مشكلة البحث، وذلك فيما إذا نفى الأب الابن وأقرّت نسبه البصمة الوراثية. هدفت هذه الدّراسة إلى التّعريف بولد اللّعان من النّاحية الشّرعية والقانونية، ثم بأهمية تحليل البصمة الوراثية كدليل يعمل به عند تضارب الأقوال بين الزّوج والزّوجة، وقد اعتمدت الدّراسة في هذا البحث على المنهج الاستقرائي وذلك من خلال تتبّع آراء الفقهاء وأدلتهم، والنّظر في سبب الخلاف بينهم، كما اعتمدت على المنهج التّحليلي المقارن في مناقشة آراء الفقهاء وأدلتهم وتحليلها، مع مقارنة هذه الأحكام بما يجري عليه العمل في القانون الماليزي، وقد خلصت هذا الدّراسة إلى نتائج مهمّة منها: أن الولد يبقى على نسب أبيه ما لم ينفه ويلاعن عليه، وأنّ فصل القول عند نفي نسب الولد أو إثباته يرجع إلى تحليل البصمة الوراثية، وأن ولد اللّعان لا ينتفي نسبه وميراثه إلا إذا وافق تحليل البصمة الوراثية قول الزّوج الملاعن.
Abstract in English:
The lineage of al-li`an child and his inheritance from his father, who denied him and performed oath of condemnation (al-mula’anah) is considered one of the crucial issues in the Sharia and the law. This is because of the serious effects of denying his lineage from his father, which leads to depriving the child of the inheritance of the father and his family. Some courts accepted the analysis of the DNA when denying the child\u27s lineage. Based on this fact, the issue has raised, especially when there is a conflict between the father’s denial of his son and the court’s finding based on DNA result. Which one is to be accepted if the father denied while the court confirmed his child’s lineage? This study aimed at introducing al-li`an child from Sharia and legal points of view, and the importance of analyzing the genetic footprint (DNA) as a guide to be used when there is a conflict between husband and wife in their opinions. The research methods used in this study are the inductive approach by tracking the views and evidence of the Islamic jurists and examining the reasons for the disagreement among them. In comparison, the analytical and comparative methods are used to discuss and analyze the opinions of the jurists and their evidence and compare these provisions with what is being practiced in Malaysian law. This study has reached some important results among others: the child of al-li`an remains a legitimate child as long as the father did not deny his lineage. The final decision on denying or confirming child’s lineage is based on the analysis of the genetic fingerprint (DNA result). Therefore, the lineage of al-li’an child and his inheritance right remains valid or undeniable unless the analysis result of the genetic fingerprint conforms with the statement of the father who denied his child lineage through al-li`an (oath of condemnation).
The lineage of the li`an child and his inheritance from his father, who denied and cursed him, is considered an important question in the Sharia and the law. This is because of the transgression of the effect of denying his lineage from his father, to depriving him of the inheritance from this father and his family. Some courts have approved the analysis of the DNA when denying the child\u27s lineage. Herein lies the research problem. This is the case if the father denies the son and his genealogy is confirmed. This study aimed at introducing the li`an child from a Sharia and legal point of view. Then, the importance of analyzing the genetic footprint as a guide to be used when conflicting sayings between husband and wife. The study relied on this research on the inductive approach by tracking the opinions and evidence of the jurists, examining the reason for the disagreement between them. It also relied on the analytical and comparative approach in discussing and analyzing the opinions of jurists, their evidence, comparing these provisions with what is being done in Malaysian law. This study concluded with important results, including that the father of li`an remains in the lineage of his father unless he denies it, that the separation of words when denying or proving the child\u27s lineage is due to the analysis of the genetic fingerprint, that the li’an child does not negate his lineage and inheritance unless the analysis of the genetic fingerprint agrees with the statement of the Li`an
A REVIEW OF CLINICAL LEGAL EDUCATION’S (CLE) EXPERIENCE IN UNIVERSITI SAINS ISLAM MALAYSIA
Get PDFVarious research has given valuable insights into the positive role of Clinical Legal Education (CLE). However, there is a dearth of empirical data reviewing the set-up of CLE in public law schools in Malaysia and assessing its role as a teaching and learning strategy in legal education. This paper summarises the development and structure of the Faculty of Syariah and Law\u27s Legal Clinic pilot initiative at the Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). It assesses the impacts of the initiative on students\u27 learning experience. The assessment involved a content analysis of written feedback given by a batch of pioneer students selected to join the FSU Legal Clinics pilot project in 2019. The findings indicated that the students believe exposure to the legal clinic increases their comprehension of the law\u27s application and provides awareness of the professional skills and values involved in the legal profession. The sample is small, and the findings are preliminary. However, it is hoped that the results will inform legal curriculum developers of the benefits that law students derived from their clinical experience and provide a basis for further research into formally including clinical legal education in the FSU legal curriculum. This paper also advocates that although setting up, planning and organising activities for a successful legal clinic involved a great deal of preparation, it would benefit students and be integral to teaching and learning strategy in legal education in FSU USIM
A REVIEW ON DECISION PROTOCOL AND FATWA IN MALAYSIA DISCUSSING ISSUE OF WITHHOLDING AND WITHDRAWAL OF LIFE-SUSTAINING TREATMENT IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
No full textWithholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments is one of the hot topics discussing in intensive care unit as most of the death occurs as a result of it. This point of transition from active intervention to the palliation process required a crucial decision-making process. The decision conveys information to families to be well prepared beforehand especially during the process of withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. Once the final decision to withdraw the treatment has been made, procedure of cessation of care, treatment withdrawal and nature of follow-up support will be informed to the family members. This article aims to explore the relationship between decision in withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment based on Malaysian intensive care unit protocol and the related fatwa in Malaysia. The methodology chosen for this study is content analysis of the relevant published literatures. This study reveals the decision for withholding and withdrawal life sustaining treatment in intensive care unit has correlation between the protocol and related fatwa in Malaysia
REFUGEES IN MALAYSIA: PROTECTION FRAMEWORK, CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS
Get PDFThe arrivals and protracted presence of asylum seekers and refugees in Malaysia have been met with policies largely shaped by humanitarian approaches leading to inconsistent responses and impasse in achieving durable solutions to refugee dilemmas. This qualitative study using the method of desk review of materials such as books, journals and newspaper articles identifies the human rights protection framework for asylum seekers and refugees and the problematic implications and challenges for both refugees and the host country, Malaysia, due to the absence of a formal refugee protection framework at the national level. Despite gaps in and outdated nature of the 1951 Refugee Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, it calls for refugee legal protections to be based on a legal and governance framework rather than non-binding aspirations and ad hoc approaches. The latter has proved adverse to both the interests of the host state and refugee communities. The findings indicate that the impacts on denial and violation of the rights and protections of refugees across political, social and economic terrains are accompanied by risks to Malaysia’s public security and interests. The study concludes with several early recommendations on the need to firstly recognise the legal status of refugees in Malaysia and the urgency to design an adequate protection and governance framework complemented with a system of shared responsibility to protect and manage refugees who have been in protracted limbo for an average of 20 years, if not more, without durable solutions to their plight
تحديات شرط الواقف في استخدام الوقف لمواجهة الجائحة العالمية كوفيد-19: CHALLENGES OF CONDITION OF WAQIF IN USING WAQF AS A RELIEF TOOL TO FIGHT AGAINST THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
No full textAbstract in English:
Waqf (Islamic Endowment) has played a vital role in solving the social problems throughout the history. This paper aims at discussing the role of waqf in tackling the current global pandemic i.e., COVID -19. The paper discusses the possibility of using waqf as a mechanism for mitigating the negative effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the strong connection between waqf and the stipulated conditions by the waqif (donor), the paper analyses the views of the past and contemporary jurists on the extent of the permissibility of overriding the conditions of the donor (shart al-waqif) by the waqf management. This paper adopts qualitative methodology, and the textual analysis is being used by reviewing the literature and previous studies related to the issue. The paper reaches some conclusions, the most important of which are: the confirmation of the vital role of waqf in alleviating the severity of COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, waqf management is permitted to breach the conditions of the waqif if the need is warranted and the objective of waqf is being considered. To avoid the challenges of shart al-waqif (conditions of the waqif), the paper proposes the establishment of waqf, which will be looking after the interest and affairs of the victims of crises “waqf for azamat”. Besides, the paper recommends to the researchers and waqf managements reviewing of the structure of the Crises-Waqf.
Abstract in Arabic:
مشروع الوقف الإسلامي من الوسائل المهمة في تحقيق التنمية الاجتماعية وله دور عظيم في المشكلات التي تواجه المجتمع. الهدف من هذه الدراسة الوقوف على الأدوار يمكن أن يلعبه الوقف الإسلامي في مواجهة فيروس كورونا ما يسمى ب" كوفيد-19 " . تمت مناقشة مدى جواز توظيف الوقف الإسلامي كوسيلة لتقليل الآثار السلبية التي نجمت من هذا الفيروس. ولا شك أن للوقف الإسلامي علاقة وطيدة بشرط الواقفين لذلك حاولت الدراسة الوقوف على آراء الفقهاء قديما وحديثا، ومن ثم تحليلها لمعرفة مدى إمكانية خروج المؤسسات الوقفية عن شرط الواقفين. تم توظيف منهج البحث النوعي التحليلي من خلال مراجعة الأدبيات والدراسات السابقة المتعلقة بهذه المسألة. توصلت هذه الدراسة إلى جملة من النتائج، من أهمها: أن للوقف الإسلامي دوراً كبيرا في التنمية الاجتماعية ويمكن استخدامه في مواجهة فيروس كورونا- كوفيد-19، كما أظهرت نتائج البحث أنه يجوز لناظر الوقف أو المؤسسات الوقفية الخروج من شرط الواقفين إذا دعت الحاجة إلى ذلك، مع مراعاة مصلحة الوقف. وخروجاً من مشكلة شرط الواقف، تقترح هذه الدراسة للمؤسسات الوقفية إنشاء وقف إسلامي يهتم برعاية شؤون المتضررين من الأزمات "وقف الأزمات"، كما توصي الورقة المؤسّسات الوقفية والباحثين بالعمل في إنشاء "وقف الأزمات"
THE EVOLUTION OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN MALAYSIA AND NORTH KOREA
Get PDFThis paper aims to analyse the aftermath of Kim Jong Nam’s assassination on the diplomatic relations between Malaysia and North Korea along with the historical evolution of diplomatic relations between both countries since Malaysia’s independence. Little is known about the nature of diplomatic relations between Malaysia and North Korea, especially when public perceptions dictate that both countries barely share any similarities. In appreciating the implications of the murder case from the perspective of international law, an analysis is carried out on the history of diplomatic relations between Putrajaya and Pyongyang. A further study is conducted on the factors which attract Malaysia and North Korea to forge and strengthen their diplomatic relations. Malaysia’s inclusive foreign policy is highlighted via her participation in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in 1970 which promotes peaceful engagement with all countries regardless of their political allegiance, including the Communist-led regime in North Korea. The task of preserving regional safety and bolstering economic prosperity are top on Putrajaya’s priority list. With the volume of bilateral trade between Malaysia and North Korea is steadily increasing and Pyongyang’s continuous provocations of her Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), peaceful engagements with the aim of repairing the damaged diplomatic relations is the best option for both countries. This study concludes that although the relationship between the two nations is severed, it is crucial for Malaysia to consider reviving and enhancing bilateral relations with North Korea, hence benefiting Putrajaya in outlining Malaysia’s future foreign policy
مبدأ المساواة في الإسلام دراسة تحليلية في مفاهيم التًميز والتًمييز: THE PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY IN ISLAM IS AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE CONCEPTS OF DIFFERENTIATION AND RACISM
Get PDFهدفت الدراسة إلى بيان مبدأ المساواة في الإسلام من خلال عدة أطر مهمة، والتي تمثل المفاهيم المعرفية والعملية لمبدأ المساوة بين البشر، ومن خلال تلك المفاهيم، نستطيع أن نتوصل إلى حقائق مهمة تتبين أن المساواة الإنسانية ليست بالضرورة أن تعني أن يتساوى الناس في كل أمورهم الحياتية الاجتماعية والسياسية والاقتصادية وما شابه ذلك، -وهو ما تعنيه الدراسة بإمكانية التمايز في هذه الجوانب- وإنما يقصد بمبدأ المساواة في الإسلام أن الناس سواسية في الحقوق والواجبات، وهو ما يمكن أن نسميه وجوب المساواة وامتناع التّمييز العنصري خاصة في هذا الجانب المحوري "الحقوق والواجبات". وهذا هو المنظور الإسلامي لمبدأ المساواة في هذا الجانب الحيوي. كما أن الإسلام أتاح وحث على التنافس والتفاضل بين الناس في شتى المجالات الحياتية العلمية والعملية، ولذلك فالناس متفاضلون في المنازل حسب الجهود التي يبذلونها في تطوير ذواتهم، وتقديم المنافع لمجتمعاتهم، وهذا التفاضل لا يمس عنصر المساواة في الحقوق والواجبات في المنظور الإسلامي، ولا يؤدي إلى التّمييز العنصري.
الجدير ذكره في هذا الصدد أن هناك إشكالية في ازدواج المعايير المعاصرة لفهم حقيقة وفلسفة المساواة الإنسانية، ولذلك فإن مبدأ المساواة يطرح ضمن معايير بعضها غير قابل للتطبيق، وقد تٌسبب تلك المعايير انفصامًا في المجتمعات، ومن ضمن تلك المعايير الغير واعية بمبدأ المساواة، المساواة بين البشر بشكل مطلق دون النظر إلى عوامل التمايز والتفاضل بينهم، وهناك من يخلط بين عامل التمايز والتفاضل وعامل التّمييز العنصري، وهذه إشكاليات استدعت دراسة هذا الموضوع بشكل يمكن من خلاله إظهار مبدأ المساواة في الشريعة الإسلامية ضمن معاييره المنضبطة. وسوف تتبع الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي للتتبع النصوص التشريعية ذات العلاقة، وتحليلها بما يتلاءم مع موضوع الدراسة للوصول إلى النتائج المطلوبة.Abstract in Arabic
هدفت الدراسة إلى بيان مبدأ المساواة في الإسلام من خلال عدة أطر مهمة، والتي تمثل المفاهيم المعرفية والعملية لمبدأ المساوة بين البشر، ومن خلال تلك المفاهيم، نستطيع أن نتوصل إلى حقائق مهمة تتبين أن المساواة الإنسانية ليست بالضرورة أن تعني أن يتساوى الناس في كل أمورهم الحياتية الاجتماعية والسياسية والاقتصادية - وهو ما تعنيه الدراسة بإمكانية التمايز في هذه الجوانب- وإنما يقصد بمبدأ المساواة في الإسلام أن الناس سواسية في الحقوق والواجبات، وهو ما يمكن أن نسميه وجوب المساواة وامتناع التّمييز العنصري خاصة في هذا الجانب المحوري "الحقوق والواجبات". وهناك إشكالية في ازدواج المعايير المعاصرة لفهم حقيقة وفلسفة المساواة الإنسانية، ولذلك فإن مبدأ المساواة يطرح ضمن معايير بعضها غير قابل للتطبيق، وقد تٌسبب تلك المعايير انفصامًا في المجتمعات، ومن ضمن تلك المعايير الغير واعية بمبدأ المساواة، المساواة بين البشر بشكل مطلق دون النظر إلى عوامل التمايز والتفاضل بينهم، وهناك من يخلط بين عامل التمايز والتفاضل وعامل التّمييز العنصري، وهذه إشكاليات استدعت دراسة هذا الموضوع بشكل يمكن من خلاله إظهار مبدأ المساواة في الشريعة الإسلامية ضمن معاييره المنضبطة. وسوف تتبع الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي للتتبع النصوص التشريعية ذات العلاقة، وتحليلها بما يتلاءم مع موضوع الدراسة. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج من أهمها: أن المساواة لا تتعارض مع التميّز، وأن التميّز لا يعني التمييز، وأن الإسلام بمبادئه وقيمه الحضارية يؤسس للمساواة بين الناس على أساس الوحدة الإنسانية، وأن الوحدة القيمية والحضارية هي قيم للتمييز وليست للتمييز.
Abstract in English
The study aimed to clarify the principle of equality in Islam through several important frameworks, which represent the cognitive and practical concepts of the principle of equality between human beings, and through these concepts, we can reach important facts that show that human equality does not necessarily mean that people are equal in all their life matters. Social, political, economic, and the like -which is what the study means about the possibility of differentiation in these aspects- but by the principle of equality in Islam he means that people are equal in rights and duties, which we can call the obligation of equality and the abstention of racial discrimination, especially in this pivotal aspect, "rights and duties". This is the Islamic perspective on the principle of equality in this vital aspect. Likewise, Islam has allowed and encouraged competition and differentiation among people in various fields of scientific and practical life. Therefore, people are different at home according to the efforts they exert in developing themselves and providing benefits to their societies. This differentiation does not affect the element of equality in rights and duties in the Islamic perspective, and it does not lead to racism. It should be noted that there is a problem with double standards in the contemporary understanding of the truth and philosophy of equality among human beings. Therefore the principle of equality is presented within the criteria, some of which are not applicable. These standards may cause division in societies, for example, there are those who call for equality between human beings Absolutely without looking at the differential factors between them. There are those who confuse differential with racism. The study will follow the descriptive and analytical method for reading the relevant legislative texts and analysing them in proportion to the subject of the study. The study found results which: that equality does not contradict with excellence, and that differentiation does not mean racism, and that Islam, with its principles and cultural values, establishes equality among people based on human unity, and that the value and cultural unity are values of differentiation and not racism
CASHWAQF AND FINANCING ISLAMIC SCHOOLS
Get PDFThe present study provides a general overview of the concept of Waqf, and an in-depth discussion of how cash Waqf can fund, educational institutions such as Islamic schools, their maintenance, teachers and students in need. It discusses jurists’ opinions regarding the legal ruling of cash Waqf and points out predominant opinions relating to the issue at hand. The study also expounds proposed practical models for cash Waqf to fund Islamic schools. The study uses descriptive, inductive and analytical methods. Based on the discussions, the study concludes that if cash Waqf is implemented in a proper way, it can play a significant and effective role in funding Islamic schools
AGIHAN FARAID MELALUI KAEDAH AL-RADD (PULANGAN SEMULA) SEBAGAI MEKANISME KEBAJIKAN WARIS DAN AMALAN DI MALAYSIA: FARAID DISTRIBUTION THROUGH AL-RADD METHOD (REINSTATEMENT) AS A WELFARE MECHANISM FOR HEIRS AND ITS PRACTICE IN MALAYSIA
Get PDFKemelut pengurusan harta keluarga yang melibatkan harta pusaka semakin merumitkan saban hari sehingga memberi kesan kepada kebajikan waris. Pensyariatan hukum faraid yang meletakkan matlamat akhir iaitu memberi hak kepada yang berhak seharusnya dilihat secara menyeluruh dalam menyelesaikan kemelut ini. Kaedah al-radd (pulangan semula) merupakan sebahagian hukum faraid yang menumpukan kepada strategi untuk menghabiskan lebihan pusaka dengan menyerahkan semula kepada waris si mati yang ada terutama waris ashāb al-furūd. Justeru itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kedudukan al-radd sebagai satu kaedah agihan dalam hukum faraid. Tumpuan akan diberikan kepada pandangan ilmuan faraid berkaitan kaedah ini dan bentuk pengiraannya untuk menjaga kebajikan waris. Selain daripada itu, perbincangan akan menghuraikan sejauhmana penerimaan kaedah ini untuk diterima pakai di Malaysia. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penulisan ini adalah berbentuk kualitatif iaitu berdasarkan pengumpulan data yang memfokuskan metode kepustakaan. Analisis data memfokuskan nas-nas syarak dan huraian ilmuan fiqh berkaitan kaedah al-radd. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat perselisihan pandangan mazhab fiqh dalam agihan faraid menggunakan kaedah al-radd. Keterikatan untuk menjadikan mazhab Syafie sebagai rujukan utama di Malaysia merupakan sebahagian kekangan untuk melaksanakan kaedah ini dan seterusnya menyebabkan kebajikan waris ashāb al-furūd tidak dapat dicapai.Kemelut pengurusan harta keluarga yang melibatkan harta pusaka semakin merumitkan saban hari sehingga memberi kesan kepada kebajikan waris. Pensyariatan hukum faraid yang meletakkan matlamat akhir iaitu memberi hak kepada yang berhak seharusnya dilihat secara menyeluruh dalam menyelesaikan kemelut ini. Kaedah al-radd (pulangan semula) merupakan sebahagian hukum faraid yang menumpukan kepada strategi untuk menghabiskan lebihan pusaka dengan menyerahkan semula kepada waris si mati yang ada terutama waris ashāb al-furūd. Justeru itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kedudukan al-radd sebagai satu kaedah agihan dalam hukum faraid. Tumpuan akan diberikan kepada pandangan ilmuan faraid berkaitan kaedah ini dan bentuk pengiraannya untuk menjaga kebajikan waris. Selain daripada itu, perbincangan akan menghuraikan sejauhmana penerimaan kaedah ini untuk diterima pakai di Malaysia. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penulisan ini adalah berbentuk kualitatif iaitu berdasarkan pengumpulan data yang memfokuskan metode kepustakaan. Analisis data memfokuskan nas-nas syarak dan huraian ilmuan fiqh berkaitan kaedah al-radd. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat perselisihan pandangan mazhab fiqh dalam agihan faraid menggunakan kaedah al-radd. Keterikatan untuk menjadikan mazhab Syafie sebagai rujukan utama di Malaysia merupakan sebahagian kekangan untuk melaksanakan kaedah ini dan seterusnya menyebabkan kebajikan waris ashāb al-furūd tidak dapat dicapai.  
PROTECTION AGAINST PRE-EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION IN MALAYSIA
Get PDFThe principles of equal rights and non-discrimination as well as the right to equality before the law and equal protection of the law are fundamental human rights principles enshrined under Article 55 of United Nations Charter and Article 7 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The UDHR, international human rights standards and state practise consistently view employment and the right to work to include pre-employment. Therefore, rights during pre-employment would also fall within the scope of right to work regime. It is important to stress that the employer must not make employment decisions based on personal characteristics such as gender, race, nationality, ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or any unrelated issues to inherent job requirements. Employer must base the employment relationship on the principle of equal opportunity and fair treatment and will not discriminate with respect to all aspects of the employment relationship, including recruitment and hiring, compensation (including wages and benefits), working conditions and terms of employment, access to training, promotion, termination of employment or retirement, and discipline. This paper will analyse the international laws, laws of other jurisdictions and Malaysian laws on protection against pre-employment discrimination. Recommendations would be accorded to ensure that Malaysia guarantee equal rights among jobseekers