Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law (MJSL)
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EXAMINING THE REFORMIST THOUGHTS OF AL-TAHIR IBN ‘ASHUR
Full text linkAl-Sheikh Muḥammad al-Tāhir ibn ‘Āshūr, who lived between 1296 AH (1879 AD) and 1393 AH (1973 AD), is considered one of the eminent intellectuals of the modern era and an influential figure among the generation of writers and scholars. He is described as the pioneer of Maqasid thought in contemporary jurisprudence and has developed in this regard the book Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah al-Islāmiyyah (The Objectives of the Islamic Shariah), as well as his famous book of Quranic exegesis al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr. To this effect, this study identifies the reformist features of al-Tāhir ibn ‘Āshūr in his books and writings that brought about a renaissance in various branches of knowledge such as Shariah, tafsīr, and education. A review of the literature suggests that al-Tāhir ibn ‘Āshūr’s reformist ideas have not received sufficient academic attention. Therefore, the study raised some questions, including: Who is Tāhir ibn ‘Āshūr? What were Tāhir ibn ‘Āshūr’s reformist viewpoints, and how did he propagate them out, most particularly in education? The study follows the descriptive approach to trace Ibn ‘Āshūr’s biography as well as the analytical approach in discussing the thought of al-Tāhir ibn ‘Āshūr on the scientific and educational level. The study concludes that Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir ibn ‘Āshūr (may Allah have mercy on him) is one of the eminent intellectuals in the Islamic world, whose innovative views and great writings came as a revolution against tradition and inertia and a revolution against intellectual inaction and civilizational stagnation
EXAMINING THE APPLICATION OF STANDARD OF PROOF IN CRIMINAL CASES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC LAW AND COMMON LAW IN MALAYSIA
Full text linkIn criminal litigation, evidence plays a very significant role in ensuring that justice is delivered. Nevertheless, justice cannot be achieved without the correct application of standard of proof. Failure to apply the correct standard of proof could result in miscarriage of justice. This paper examines the concept of standard of proof from the Islamic and common law perspectives. It also analyses the similarities and differences in the application of standard of proof under both legal systems. This study is a doctrinal research and utilises qualitative methods. The primary and secondary data are gathered using the documentation method obtained from library, legal statutes and reported cases. The gathered data are then further analysed using content analysis method. Findings of this study show that there are similarities and differences in the concept of standard of proof in criminal cases under both legal systems. In spite of the similarities, several applications under the common law should not be referred or utilised in litigating Syariah criminal cases. This paper suggests that the standard of proof under Islamic law is to be harmonised with the common law in the prosecution of criminal cases in the Syariah courts. The research conducted contributes towards the knowledge in distinguishing between the Islamic and common law principles particularly for countries that practise Islamic criminal law.
PARLIAMENTARY QUESTIONS IN THE PRACTICE OF UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE)’S FEDERAL NATIONAL COUNCIL (FNC)
Full text linkParliamentary questions are one of the most widely used and common parliamentary control instruments. The purpose of parliamentary questions in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is to hold the government accountable and reveal violations or clarify facts in the work of the executive authority. The Federal Constitution does not provide means of parliamentary control over the government, so parliamentary questions play a bigger role in the UAE than in other countries. This paper examines the practice of parliamentary questions in the Federal National Council (FNC) of the UAE. The methodology employed in this paper involves a comprehensive analysis of the practice of parliamentary questions within the context of the UAE\u27s Federal National Council (FNC). Through a qualitative approach, the study delves into the role of parliamentary questions as a tool for governmental reforms, transparency enhancement, and executive authority accountability. Utilizing both primary and secondary sources, the research examines the impact of parliamentary questions in revealing violations, elucidating facts, and addressing citizens\u27 everyday concerns. By employing a multifaceted analytical framework, this study offers valuable insights into the significance and effectiveness of parliamentary questions within the UAE\u27s political landscape. The key findings in the paper on the practice of parliamentary questions in the UAE\u27s FNC underscore the essential role of parliamentary questions in holding the government accountable and ensuring transparency. The document reveals how parliamentary questions serve as a vital tool for revealing violations, clarifying facts, and prompting governmental reforms. Overall, this paper highlights how parliamentary questions are a vital component of governance in the UAE and emphasizes their importance for ensuring accountability and transparency in government operations
EXPLORATION OF BEHAVIOURAL MOTIVES IN CONSUMPTION OF 0% ALCOHOL DRINKS BY MUSLIM YOUTHS IN INDONESIA
Full text linkThis study aims to discover the motives behind several Muslim youths in Indonesia who consume 0% alcohol drinks from popular alcohol brands even though the drink is not halal certified. This phenomenological research describes a factual reality based on the informant\u27s experience as a consumer of 0% alcohol drink. Data sources were obtained through direct and indirect interviews with 15 informants, namely Muslim youth who consume 0% alcohol with an age range of 15-25 years. The results of this study indicate that there are internal and external motives behind Muslim youths consuming 0% alcohol. Internal motives from within Muslim adolescents include curiosity and the desire to try as an alternative to drinking, as well as to relieve stress and to refresh themselves. Meanwhile, external motives or influences from outside the Muslim youth include invitations from peers and environmental influences. This research also identified that some perpetrators who drink 0% of alcoholic drinks made by popular alcohol brands have low awareness of the halal label. This study contributes to global research by revealing how Muslim youth in Indonesia, driven by curiosity and peer influence, consume 0% alcohol drinks despite the lack of halal certification. This study suggests increasing halal awareness among Muslim adolescents through education and encouraging the Indonesian Ulema Council to emphasize the importance of halal certification, particularly for 0% alcohol drinks, to guide informed consumer choices
KAJIAN STATUS KENAJISAN LARVA DAN PENGGUNAANNYA DALAM MAKANAN TERNAKAN: FATWA NEGERI PERLIS: A STUDY ON THE IMPURITY STATUS OF LARVAE AND ITS USAGE AS LIVESTOCK FEED: A PERLIS STATE FATWA
Full text linkIt has been scientifically proven that the larvae of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) are a sustainable food source. However, there are few studies from the perspective of fiqh law on the impurity status of Black Soldier Fly larvae (BSFL). According to the original legal principle, animals are allowed to eat any kind of food, whether it is halal or haram. Nevertheless, a dispute (mahal al-niza’) arises when impure food is fed to farm animals such as chickens, ducks, fish and shrimps, which eventually reach humans, especially Muslims as the final consumers. The reason for this is that livestock that is constantly fed with impure food is considered al-jallalah according to fiqh. This study uses qualitative methods and collects data through documentation and interviews. In this study, a distinction is made between the status of impurity and al-khabith (reprehensible), because not all al-khabith is impure and not all impurities are al-khabith. The researchers tend to believe that BSFL should not be categorised as impure (najs), but only falls under the category of al-khabith. This study is significant for the fatwa committees of Perlis to issue a fatwa on the status of impurity of BSFL.
Abstrak
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larva (BSFL) telah dibuktikan secara saintifik merupakan sumber nutrisi yang lestari, bagaimanapun terdapat kajian yang terhad dari perspektif hukum fiqah dari segi status kenajisan BSFL. Pada hukum asal, harus bagi binatang-binatang memakan apa jenis makanan sekalipun tidak kira halal atau haram, bagaimanapun, pertikaian (mahal al-niza’) muncul apabila diberi makanan yang berstatus najis kepada binatang ternakan seperti ayam, itik, ikan dan udang yang akhirnya manusialah, secara spesifiknya Muslim sebagai pengguna terakhir (final consumer). Hal ini kerana, binatang ternakan yang diberi makan najis secara konsisten menurut pandangan fiqh dikira sebagai haiwan al-jallalah. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dan mengumpul data-data menerusi kajian kepustakaan dan temu bual. Kajian ini mendapati ada perbezaan antara status najis dan al-khabith (menjelikkan) kerana tidak semua al-khabith itu najis dan tidak semua najis itu al-khabith. Penyelidik cenderung kepada pendapat BSFL tidak dikategorikan sebagai hukum najis tetapi ia termasuk kategori al-khabith sahaja. Kajian ini signifikan kerana menjadi asas rujukan kepada ahli jawatankuasa Negeri Perlis dalam mengeluarkan fatwa berkaitan dengan isu kenajisan BSFL
قراءة في أدلّة النّسب في ضوء مباحث التّعبّد والتّعليل: دراسة تأصيليّة تحليليّة: AN EXAMINATION OF EVIDENCE OF LINEAGE IN THE LIGHT OF THEMES OF WORSHIP AND REASONING: A CONCEPTUAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY
No full textتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على مسألة قديمة جديدة كانت محل اختلاف أقوال العلماء قديمًا، ولا يزال الخلاف يتجدد فيها كلما تجدد وتطور العلم بالإنسان ومكنوناته خاصة فيما يتعلق بالجانب الوراثي منه، فإثبات النسب وإظهاره ونفيه بالنصوص الشرعية، أو بالتجارب المخبرية محل اهتمام الفقهاء والعلماء؛ إذ به يثبت أو ينتفي مقصد أساس من مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية. ولعل من أهم الزوايا التي يتم النظر إلى هذا الموضوع من خلالها؛ النظر في نصوص الشارع المتعلقة في إثبات النسب وإظهاره ونفيه وإدراك مدى تعبديتها من تعليلها، وبالتالي إمكان القياس عليها من عدمه، وهنا تكمن أهمية هذا البحث ومشكلته، إذ إنّه لا تتوفر -بحسب اطلاع الباحثَين- دراسة مستقلة تتناول الموضوع من هذه الزاوية وتحيط به وتزيل الغبار عنه، وعليه فإنهما سيعملان على جمع شتات الموضوع وأقوال العلماء فيه من خلال منهج استقرائي ما استطاعا إلى ذلك سبيلًا، ثم يعمدا إلى ما جمعاه من أقوال ودلائل فيحللاها ويسبرا أغوارها ويؤصلا لها ويعيدا تركيبها في مشهد متناسق متكامل. وقد توصل البحث إلى أن للنسب دليل واحد يثبت به وهو دليل الفراش -على اختلاف بين العلماء في معناه، حيث بين بعضهم أنه مجرد العقد بين الرجل المرأة، بينما ذهب فريق ثان إلى أنه إمكان الدخول، أو تحققه فعلًا على رأي فريق ثالث- وما عداه من أدلة فإنما هي لإظهار النسب. أن دليل نفي النسب واحد كذلك وهو دليل اللعان. وقد ذهب الحنفية إلى تعبدية دليل إثبات النسب، بينما ذهب جمهور العلماء إلى تعليله، ثم اختلف الجمهور في هذه العلة فجعلها أكثرهم مقتصرة على الفراش الشرعي -الزواج أو التسري ويلحق بهما شبههما- بينما ذهب البعض إلى تعديتها إلى كل حالة توفرت فيها العلة ما لم يعارضها فراش شرعي ثابت. وبنفس الطريقة اختلفت آراء العلماء في أدلة إظهار النسب. وأخيرًا فقد تبين للباحثَين أن دليل نفي النسب -اللعان- تعبدي على رأي بعض العلماء، بينما هو معلل بعلة قاصرة على رأي فريق آخر، وهو في كلا الحالتين لا يمكن تعديته ولا القياس عليه.
الكلمات المفتاحية: التعبد، التعليل، إثبات، نفي، النسب.The issue of lineage in Islamic jurisprudence has long attracted scholarly attention due to its relevance across various Fiqh chapters. As human knowledge, particularly in genetics, has advanced, this interest has evolved. Today, modern techniques like DNA testing can accurately establish lineage, prompting a need to evaluate whether such methods are valid for affirming, denying, or proving lineage. This requires a review of traditional legal evidences on lineage and an exploration of whether analogy (qiyās) can be applied to these contemporary methods, making this research highly significant. One of the most important perspectives through which this topic can be examined—and which has not received sufficient research and study—is the consideration of the legal texts related to lineage and the extent to which they are devotional or subject to reasoning, and thus whether analogy can be applied to them, which is the core issue of this research. According to the researchers’ knowledge, no study has yet been conducted that exclusively addresses this topic from this particular angle, thoroughly explores it, and sheds light on its complexities. To resolve this issue and achieve the objective of this study, the researchers gathered as many scholarly opinions as they could find regarding the evidences for lineage and assessed them through the lens of ta‘abbud (devotion) and ta‘līl (rationalization) using an inductive method. They then proceeded to analyze and explore these opinions and evidences, grounding them in jurisprudential foundations. Afterward, they reconstructed their findings into a clear and well-defined framework. This led them to the conclusion that there is only one definitive proof for establishing lineage, which is the valid marriage— despite differences among scholars regarding its precise meaning. Some defined it as merely the contract between a man and a woman, others as the possibility of consummation, while a third group held that actual consummation must have occurred. Any other forms of evidence serve only to reveal lineage. The study also concluded that there is only one definitive proof for disavowing lineage, which is the dālīl al-li‘ān (the procedure of mutual cursing). The Ḥanafī school held that the proof for establishing lineage is based on ta‘abbud (devotional compliance), while the majority of scholars believed it to be based on ta‘līl (rationalization). The majority then differed regarding the rationale: most confined it to legitimate marital relations (firāsh shar‘ī), whereas some extended it to any situation where the rationale is present, as long as it is not contradicted by established legitimate marital relations. Similarly, scholars differed in their views on the evidences for revealing lineage. Finally, the researchers concluded that the proof for disavowing lineage—liʿān—is considered taʿabbudi (devotional) according to some scholars, while others view it as rationalized (muʿallal) by a limited rationale. In both cases, it cannot be extended or analogized. Based on this, the study contributes to regulating and establishing the foundations for all contemporary methods used in determining lineage. Accordingly, the researchers recommend reconsidering all issues related to lineage determination through modern methods and aligning them with the conclusions reached in this study.
ملخص
مسألة النّسب في الفقه الإسلامي مِن المسائل التي حَظيت باهتمام كبير مِن العلماء؛ نظرًا لارتباطها بالعديد مِن أبواب الفقه. وتجدد الاهتمام بها مع تطور العلوم الوراثية، خاصة مع اكتشاف الحمض النووي (DNA) وقدرته على تحديد النسب، الأمر الذي يتطلب بحثًا عن مدى اعتبار مثل هذه الوسائل المعاصرة في إثبات النسب، أو إظهاره، أو نفيه؛ وهذا بدوره يتطلب دراسة للأدلة الشرعية للنسب ومعرفة إمكانية القياس عليها مِن عدمه، وبهذا تظهر أهمية هذه الدراسة. ولعل مِن أهم الزوايا التي يُنظَر إلى هذا الموضوع مِن خلالها -والتي لم تحظَ ببحث ودراسة كافيَين- النّظر في نصوص الشارع المتعلقة بالنسب، وإدراك مدى تعبديتها من تعليلها، وبالتالي إمكان القياس عليها مِن عدمه، وهنا تَكْمُن مشكلة هذا البحث؛ إذ إنّه لا تتوفر -بحسب اطلاع الباحثَين- دراسة مستقلة تتناول الموضوع مِن هذه الزاوية وتحيط به وتزيل الغبار عنه. وعليه فقد قام الباحثان بجمع ما استطاعا الوصول إليه مِن أقوال للعلماء حول أدلة النسب، وتكييفها في ضوء مباحث التعبد والتعليل عبر منهج استقرائي، ثم عَمَدا إلى ما جمعاه مِن أقوال ودلائل وقاما بتحليلها والتأصيل لها، ثم أعادا تركيبها في صورة واضحة المعالم، مكتملة البناء؛ توصلا مِن خلالها إلى أنَّ للنسب دليل واحد يثبت به وهو دليل الفراش -على اختلاف بين العلماء في معناه-. وما عداه مِن أدلة فإنما هي لإظهار النسب. كذلك دليل نفي النسب واحد وهو دليل اللعان. وقد ذهب الحنفية إلى تعبدية دليل إثبات النسب، بينما ذهب جمهور العلماء إلى تعليله، ثم اختلف الجمهور في هذه العلة فجعلها أكثرهم مقتصرة على الفراش الشرعي، بينما ذهب البعض إلى تعديتها إلى كل حالة توفرت فيها العلة ما لم يعارضها فراش شرعي ثابت. وبنفس الطريقة اختلفت آراء العلماء في أدلة إظهار النسب. وأخيرًا فقد تَبيَّن للباحثَين أنّ دليل نفي النسب -اللعان- تعبدي على رأي بعض العلماء، بينما هو معلل بعلة قاصرة على رأي فريق آخر، وهو في كلا الحالتين لا يمكن تعديته ولا القياس عليه. وبناء على ما سبق فإنّ هذا البحث يسهم في ضبط كافة الوسائل المعاصرة المستخدمة في التعرف على النسب ويؤصل لها. وعليه فإنّ الباحثَين يوصيان بإعادة النظر في كافة المسائل المبنية على تحديد النسب مِن خلال الوسائل المعاصرة، وبنائها على ما توصل إليه هذا البحث من نتائج
KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN HAK WARISAN ANAK ANGKAT DI INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE INHERITANCE RIGHTS OF ADOPTED CHILDREN IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze and compare the inheritance rights of adopted children in Indonesia and Malaysia while integrating them with the principles of Islamic inheritance law. The primary focus of this study is to examine the statutory status of inheritance rights of adopted children in relation to their adoptive parents, considering that both countries have a majority Muslim population. An adopted child is defined as an individual whose custody, education, and care are transferred from their biological family or legal guardian to adoptive parents. Although the status of adopted children is legally recognized in Malaysia and Indonesia, issues often arise concerning their inheritance rights from their adoptive parents\u27 estates. This study employs a qualitative approach using descriptive, comparisons and doctrinal analysis to understand this position. From the perspective of Islamic law, adopted children do not have direct inheritance rights from their adoptive parents except through wasiat wajibah (compulsory bequest), which cannot exceed one-third of the total estate and hibah. Conversely, under several statues of law, the status of adopted children in certain cases is equated with that of biological children, enabling them to become heirs. The findings of this study are expected to provide guidance and legal considerations in resolving inheritance disputes, particularly those involving the inheritance rights of adopted children. In specific circumstances, adopted children may still be entitled to inheritance, provided that the bequest does not exceed one-third of the total estate, in alignment with the principles of wasiat wajibah under Islamic law.
Abstrak
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan kedudukan hak pewarisan anak angkat di Indonesia dan Malaysia serta mengintegrasikannya dengan prinsip undang-undang pewarisan dalam Islam. Fokus utama kajian ini adalah untuk meneliti status berkanun hak pewarisan anak angkat berbanding ibu bapa angkat mereka, dengan mengambil kira bahawa kedua-dua negara mempunyai majoriti penduduk beragama Islam. Anak angkat didefinisikan sebagai individu yang hak penjagaan, pendidikan, dan pemeliharaannya dipindahkan daripada keluarga asal atau penjaga sah kepada ibu bapa angkat. Walaupun status anak angkat diakui sah di sisi undang-undang di Malaysia dan Indonesia, isu sering timbul berkaitan hak pewarisan terhadap harta pusaka ibu bapa angkat mereka. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui perbandingan deskriptif dan analisis dokumen untuk memahami kedudukan tersebut. Dari perspektif undang-undang Islam, anak angkat tidak memiliki hak pewarisan secara langsung daripada ibu bapa angkat kecuali melalui pemberian wasiat wajibah, yang jumlahnya tidak boleh melebihi satu pertiga daripada keseluruhan harta pusaka dan hibah. Sebaliknya, dalam undang-undang yang diguna pakai di Malaysia dan Indonesia, kedudukan anak angkat di sesetengah kes disamakan dengan anak kandung, yang membolehkan mereka menjadi ahli waris. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan panduan dan pertimbangan undang-undang dalam menyelesaikan pertikaian berkaitan harta pusaka, khususnya dalam isu status hak pewarisan anak angkat. Dalam keadaan tertentu, anak angkat masih berhak menerima pusaka dengan syarat pemberian tersebut tidak melebihi satu pertiga daripada jumlah harta pusaka, sejajar dengan prinsip wasiat wajibah dalam undang-undang Islam
WASA’IL ITHBAT DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG KETERANGAN ISLAM: ANALISIS PERUNDANGAN TERHADAP KEABSAHAN DOKUMEN ELEKTRONIK DI MAHKAMAH SYARIAH MALAYSIA: MEANS OF PROOF IN ISLAMIC LAW OF EVIDENCE: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE ADMISSIBILITY OF ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS IN MALAYSIAN SYARIAH COURTS
Full text linkIn recent years, electronic documents have gained significant attention in legal proceedings, especially with the emergence of modern technology extensively utilized across various segments of society. Their convenient and rapid accessibility via electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, or tablets enables interested parties to obtain necessary information with ease. In Syariah courts, electronic documents serve as crucial evidence in either establishing an individual’s guilt or exonerating the innocent. Nonetheless, questions arise regarding the admissibility of such evidence under Syariah law in Malaysia and its function in trial proceedings. Therefore, this article aims to clarify the position of electronic document evidence in Malaysian Islamic evidence law by examining the concept of electronic documents as wasa’il ithbat, the relevant Islamic legal justifications (holy Quran, hadith and qawāʿid fiqhiyyah), and the statutory provisions applicable within the context of Islamic law of evidence in Malaysia. Several cases from Malaysian Syariah courts are analyzed to assess the validity of electronic evidence. The study further identifies challenges faced by Syariah legal practitioners and proposes measures to enhance the management of electronic evidence in the future. A qualitative method involving document analysis of both primary and secondary data was adopted to achieve the research objectives. Findings indicate that Malaysian Syariah courts do accept electronic documents as evidence in line with existing legal provisions and Islamic jurisprudence; however, issues concerning authenticity and reliability warrant closer attention. Accordingly, comprehensive guidelines, technological training for judges and court officers, and comparative studies with civil courts are recommended to reinforce the integrity and efficiency of electronic evidence management going forward.
Abstrak
Sejak akhir-akhir ini, dokumen dalam bentuk elektronik semakin mendapat perhatian dalam proses perundangan, khususnya dengan kemunculan teknologi moden yang digunakan secara meluas oleh setiap lapisan masyarakat. Aksesnya yang mudah dan pantas melalui peranti elektronik seperti komputer, telefon pintar, atau tablet memudahkan pihak berkaitan memperoleh maklumat yang diperlukan. Di Mahkamah Syariah, dokumen elektronik berperanan sebagai hujah penting sama ada untuk membuktikan kesalahan seseorang ataupun membebaskan individu yang tidak bersalah. Walau bagaimanapun, timbul persoalan mengenai penerimaan bentuk keterangan sebegini dalam undang-undang Syariah di Malaysia dan bagaimana ia berfungsi dalam prosiding perbicaraan. Oleh itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kedudukan keterangan dokumen elektronik dalam undang-undang keterangan Islam di Malaysia dengan memahami konsep dokumen elektronik sebagai wasa’il ithbat, dalil pensyariatannya, serta peruntukan undang-undang yang berkaitan dalam konteks undang-undang keterangan Islam di Malaysia. Beberapa kes di Mahkamah Syariah Malaysia juga turut dianalisis untuk menilai keabsahan bukti secara elektronik. Kajian ini juga mengenal pasti cabaran yang dihadapi oleh pengamal undang-undang Syariah dan seterusnya mencadangkan langkah penambahbaikan bagi memantapkan pengurusan keterangan elektronik pada masa akan datang. Pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen terhadap data primer dan sekunder digunakan bagi mencapai objektif kajian ini. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan Mahkamah Syariah Malaysia menerima dokumen elektronik sebagai keterangan selaras dengan peruntukan undang-undang sedia ada dan dalil syarak, namun isu berkaitan ketulenan dan kebolehpercayaan memerlukan perhatian khusus. Justeru, garis panduan terperinci, latihan teknologi kepada hakim dan pegawai mahkamah, serta kajian perbandingan dengan mahkamah sivil dicadangkan bagi meningkatkan integriti dan kecekapan pengurusan keterangan elektronik pada masa akan datang
مزايا الاستثمار الإسلامي وأثرها في التنمية المستدامة: THE ADVANTAGES OF ISLAMIC INVESTMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
No full textIn contemporary economic discourse, there exists a pivotal inquiry into the salient characteristics of the Islamic investment industry, which has manifested a noteworthy ascendancy on both Islamic and global fronts in recent years. This study scrutinizes the advantageous aspects of the Islamic investment industry in the present reality, delineating the contributing factors underpinning its proliferation. The findings underscore the divine origins of Islamic investment, grounded in the Qur\u27an and the Sunnah, operating within the realm of virtuous deeds and ethical conduct, eschewing prohibitions. Central to its ethos is a commitment to justice, participation, solidarity, cooperation, and the safeguarding of the rights of both the affluent and the indigent. Moreover, Islamic investment distinguishes itself from other man-made systems by intricately linking the economy to a set of moral values inherent in financial transactions, including unwavering commitment to truthfulness, honesty, loyalty, and the avoidance of fraudulent practices, monopolies, usury, and injustice. The study reveals that Islamic investment is adaptable and amenable to development, aligning with contemporary contracts that adhere to Sharia principles. Emphatically, it is instrumental in establishing socially responsible and productive projects that stimulate economic activity, generating incomes, augmenting real demand for goods and services, and bolstering savings rates. Consequently, this engenders a positive feedback loop, propelling investment rates and sustaining the cyclical momentum of the economy and production. Crucially, Islamic investment steadfastly avoids engagement in projects that could induce environmental pollution or harm to others, underscoring its commitment to sustainable and ethical practices. This comprehensive analysis contributes valuable insights to the burgeoning academic discourse on the dynamic and principled underpinnings of the Islamic investment industry.
ملخص البحث
يدور تساؤل بين علماء الاقتصاد اليوم حول معرفة أهم مميزات صناعة الاستثمار الإسلامي في واقعنا المعاصر والتي كان لها عظيم الأثر في ازديادها نموها على المستوي الإسلامي والعالمي على نحو مطرد في السنوات الأخيرة، فجاءت هذه الدراسة لبيان مميزات هذه الصناعة من خلال المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يعتمد على دراسة ظاهرة مزايا صناعة الاستثمار الإسلامي ورصدها في الواقع المعاصرة مع بيان كافة الأسباب التي ساهمت في حدوث هذه الظاهرة ونموها. وخلصت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج أهمها: أن الاستثمار الإسلامي رباني المصدر يعتمد على الكتاب والسنة، ويكون في مجال الطيبات، واجتناب المحرمات، ويقوم على إقرار مبدأ العدالة، والمشاركة، والتكافل والتعاون ومراعاة حقوق الأغنياء والفقراء، والاعتماد على عنصر الأخلاق والقيم في تمييز الاستثمار الإسلامي عن غيره من النظم الوضعية وذلك برط الاقتصاد بمجموعة من القيم الأخلاقية التي ترتبط بالمعاملات المالية مثل الالتزام بالصدق والأمانة والوفاء واجتناب الغش والتدليس والاحتكار والربا، والظلم ونحو ذلك. وأثبتت الدراسة أن الاستثمار الإسلامي قابل للتطور والموائمة مع جميع العقود المستجدة التي لا تتعارض مع مبادئ الشريعة كما يعمل على تأسيس مشروعات اجتماعية وإنتاجية تعمل على دوران عجلة الاقتصاد حيث تعمل هذه المشروعات على تتحقق الدخول وبالتالي ويزيد الطلب الحقيقي على السلع والخدمات وتزيد معدلات الادخار فمعدلات الاستثمار، وهكذا تدور عجلة الاقتصاد والإنتاج. وفي ذات الوقت يجتنب الاستثمار الإسلامي كل مشروع من شأنه يعمل على التلوث البيئي ويؤدي إلى الإضرار بالآخرين.
In contemporary economic discourse, there exists a pivotal inquiry into the salient characteristics of the Islamic investment industry, which has manifested a noteworthy ascendancy on both Islamic and global fronts in recent years. This study scrutinizes the advantageous aspects of the Islamic investment industry in the present reality, delineating the contributing factors underpinning its proliferation. The findings underscore the divine origins of Islamic investment, grounded in the Qur\u27an and the Sunnah, operating within the realm of virtuous deeds and ethical conduct, eschewing prohibitions. Central to its ethos is a commitment to justice, participation, solidarity, cooperation, and the safeguarding of the rights of both the affluent and the indigent. Moreover, Islamic investment distinguishes itself from other man-made systems by intricately linking the economy to a set of moral values inherent in financial transactions, including unwavering commitment to truthfulness, honesty, loyalty, and the avoidance of fraudulent practices, monopolies, usury, and injustice. The study reveals that Islamic investment is adaptable and amenable to development, aligning with contemporary contracts that adhere to Sharia principles. Emphatically, it is instrumental in establishing socially responsible and productive projects that stimulate economic activity, generating incomes, augmenting real demand for goods and services, and bolstering savings rates. Consequently, this engenders a positive feedback loop, propelling investment rates and sustaining the cyclical momentum of the economy and production. Crucially, Islamic investment steadfastly avoids engagement in projects that could induce environmental pollution or harm to others, underscoring its commitment to sustainable and ethical practices. This comprehensive analysis contributes valuable insights to the burgeoning academic discourse on the dynamic and principled underpinnings of the Islamic investment industry.
ملخص البحث
يدور تساؤل بين علماء الاقتصاد اليوم حول معرفة أهم مميزات صناعة الاستثمار الإسلامي في واقعنا المعاصر والتي كان لها عظيم الأثر في ازديادها نموها على المستوي الإسلامي والعالمي على نحو مطرد في السنوات الأخيرة، فجاءت هذه الدراسة لبيان مميزات هذه الصناعة من خلال المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يعتمد على دراسة ظاهرة مزايا صناعة الاستثمار الإسلامي ورصدها في الواقع المعاصرة مع بيان كافة الأسباب التي ساهمت في حدوث هذه الظاهرة ونموها. وخلصت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج أهمها: أن الاستثمار الإسلامي رباني المصدر يعتمد على الكتاب والسنة، ويكون في مجال الطيبات، واجتناب المحرمات، ويقوم على إقرار مبدأ العدالة، والمشاركة، والتكافل والتعاون ومراعاة حقوق الأغنياء والفقراء، والاعتماد على عنصر الأخلاق والقيم في تمييز الاستثمار الإسلامي عن غيره من النظم الوضعية وذلك برط الاقتصاد بمجموعة من القيم الأخلاقية التي ترتبط بالمعاملات المالية مثل الالتزام بالصدق والأمانة والوفاء واجتناب الغش والتدليس والاحتكار والربا، والظلم ونحو ذلك. وأثبتت الدراسة أن الاستثمار الإسلامي قابل للتطور والموائمة مع جميع العقود المستجدة التي لا تتعارض مع مبادئ الشريعة كما يعمل على تأسيس مشروعات اجتماعية وإنتاجية تعمل على دوران عجلة الاقتصاد حيث تعمل هذه المشروعات على تتحقق الدخول وبالتالي ويزيد الطلب الحقيقي على السلع والخدمات وتزيد معدلات الادخار فمعدلات الاستثمار، وهكذا تدور عجلة الاقتصاد والإنتاج. وفي ذات الوقت يجتنب الاستثمار الإسلامي كل مشروع من شأنه يعمل على التلوث البيئي ويؤدي إلى الإضرار بالآخرين.
NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS AS A WAY TO PROTECT GLOBAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
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Blockchain technology is increasingly being recognized worldwide as a cornerstone of security and stability in the digital realm. The Internet, often viewed as a seemingly chaotic, unpredictable, and insecure environment, is experiencing a significant paradigm shift thanks to disruptive innovations such as blockchains, which provide a robust mechanism to ensure the integrity of the global information flow. While the original purpose of this technology was to facilitate cryptocurrencies, its applications have since broadened, permeating law, business, and more recently, sectors like art and gaming. In this context, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are on the cusp of becoming a mainstream asset class. These unique digital assets, intricately tied to Intellectual Property, present an unexplored avenue for legal and business applications. This paper assesses the potential uses of NFTs for to protect global IP. The study further suggests an analogous interpretation of existing norms that regulate the connection with NFTs and local regulations, thus laying the groundwork for an initial self-regulatory framework. In conclusion, NFTs are poised to revolutionize IP protection globally. However, from a legal perspective, it also represents the necessity to develop a regulated self-regulatory system to frame such technology. As part of future research, we propose the creation of legal standards to accept and introduce NFTs as part of the IP protection laws.