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Individualism, economic freedom, and the development of the shadow economy
No full textTo better understand the relationship between formal institutions, culture, and the size of the shadow economy, this paper considers the impact of pro-market institutions and cultures of individualism, and their interplay, on the size of the shadow economy. Using panel data for 64 countries from 1995 to 2017, the results show that economically free countries that value individualism over collectivism are, on average, associated with smaller shadow economies. Furthermore, the findings reveal that individualistic cultures amplify the effect of formal market-supporting institutions in reducing the size of the shadow economy, and vice versa. In terms of policy guidance, the results of this study suggest that policies would benefit from accounting for culture in promoting pro-market institutions to combat the shadow economy or in transitioning shadow participants to the formal sector
Randomized controlled trial comparing simulation modalities in first year nursing students
No full textBackground: This study explored differences in knowledge, skill, and confidence, of first -year baccalaureate nursing students (N = 104) who completed either a low-fidelity simulation (control group, n = 46) or a web-based virtual reality (WebVR) simulation (experimental group, n = 56) related to the nursing concept of airway management. Methods: A randomized controlled trial, mixed methods, pre -test post -test design was used in this study. Results: Both groups had an increase in mean scores, on both outcome measures. Participants in the control group had significantly greater differences ( p \u3c .05) on the knowledge and skills survey and the confidence survey compared to the experimental group. Qualitative findings revealed students from both groups perceived gains in improving assessment and communication skills, and future practice would be impacted by better prioritization abilities. While students perceived the WebVR to be useful, they did not feel it was easy to use which resulted in feeling stressed. Conclusion: Low-fidelity simulation might be more beneficial than WebVR simulations with first -year nursing students
What gets measured well is managed well: Determining a hierarchy of interdependencies of environmental elements for effective environmental performance
No full textClimate effects of greenhouse gas emissions, land use, water use, energy use, and waste are a universal concern. With disparate reporting firms and a lack of universal measures of corporate sustainability, environmental sustainability for businesses is an afterthought, with minimal consequences for inaccurate reporting, or green washing and brown washing. This research explores four widely used reporting measures to first derive 12 universally applicable elements from five sustainability themes of emissions, land, water, energy, and waste. Using expert inputs and existing literature, the identified elements are subjected to interpretive structural modeling (ISM) to develop a framework of interdependencies among the elements and their influence on emissions. The framework identifies crucial elements, beyond carbon emissions, that have greater potential to reduce the climate impact of economic activity. Although aware of energy use implications, businesses have long ignored the indirect but catastrophic effects of non-hazardous waste, the second level element, on climate change
Promoting proactive helping behaviour: The role of positive psychological capital and emotional self-control
No full textPurpose Customers\u27 proactive helping behaviours involving personal initiative taking may present an effective solution for assisting other customers in avoiding harmful brands. Accordingly, this study aims to propose a model explaining the role of positive psychological capital (self-efficacy and optimism) in influencing customers\u27 proactive helping behaviours involving personal initiative taking. The study additionally provides greater clarity regarding the moderating effect of emotional self-control within the suggested model.Design/methodology/approach Survey data were collected from 256 respondents in South Africa, who reported on their perceptions and the degree to which they engage in proactive helping behaviours to assist other customers in avoiding harmful brands. Hypotheses were tested using regression analysis.Findings General self-efficacy and social optimism influence customers\u27 proactive helping behaviours. Emotional self-control moderates the indirect effect of general self-efficacy on customers\u27 proactive helping behaviours through social optimism.Research limitations/implications Greater insight is obtained into the interplay between factors representing a positive psychological state and self-control of negative emotions and these factors\u27 effect on customers\u27 proactive helping behaviours involving personal initiative taking.Originality/value The research extends knowledge of proactive helping behaviours involving personal initiative taking to assist other customers in avoiding harmful brands and subsequently provides a baseline for further research in this regards. Practically, the research is useful to social agents of society concerned with promoting responsible purchasing practices
EPTS: Efficient and privacy-preserving outsourced task scheduling in vehicular crowdsourcing
No full textFeasibility and acceptability of a pediatric primary care physician training for anxiety screening and evidence-based intervention
No full textAnxiety is one of the most prevalent psychological conditions in the pediatric population, and its associated impairments often persist into adulthood. Pediatricians are in a unique position to screen, briefly intervene, and facilitate treatment to prevent long-term impacts. However, they often do not have adequate training to do so. The current study addressed this gap by providing a brief online educational workshop aimed to promote: (1) screening for anxiety and (2) follow-up with appropriate evidence-based interventions. Fifty-three providers participated, and 38 completed surveys pre- and post-training. Findings indicate acceptability of the training to providers, improved knowledge related to anxiety, and increased readiness to manage anxiety during a medical visit. This study supports the utility of a brief, online training on screening and provision of evidence-based treatment for anxiety in pediatric primary care
Longitudinal caregiver-reported motor development in infants born at term and preterm
No full textAim To examine the extent to which estimates of a latent trait or underlying construct of motor ability differ in infants born at term and preterm, based on caregiver ratings of the motor domain of PediaTrac v3.0.Method The sample consisted of 571 caregiver-infant dyads (331 born at term, 240 born preterm), 48% female, with 51.7% of caregivers identifying as an ethnic minority. Latent trait of motor ability was estimated based on item response theory modeling. Gestational group differences (term and preterm birth) were examined at the newborn/term-equivalent, 2-, 4-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month time points.Results Caregiver ratings of latent trait of motor ability were reliably modeled across the range of abilities at each time point. While the group born preterm exhibited significantly more advanced motor abilities at the term-equivalent time point, by 6 months the group born at term was more advanced. Biological sex difference main and interaction effects were not significant.Interpretation Caregivers provided reliable, longitudinal estimates of motor ability in infancy, reflecting important differences in the motor development of infants born at term and preterm. The findings suggest that significant motor development occurs in infants born preterm from birth to the term-equivalent time point and provide a foundation to examine motor growth trajectories as potential predictors in the early identification of neurodevelopmental conditions and needs
Changing Librarian Roles in the Emerging Digital and Open Education Landscape: An Environmental Scan Research Study
Get PDFKate Mehuron and Dennis O\u27Grady, Oral History Interview, 2024
Get PDFKate Mehuron, professor of History and Philosophy and the Department of Women\u27s and Gender Studies, and Dennis O\u27Grady, professor with the Departments of Communication, Media, and Theater Arts and Women\u27s and Gender Studies, were both instrumental in the planning and implementation of the EMU LGBT Resource Center. Acting as a vital connection between faculty, students, and administration, Mehuron and O\u27Grady describe working with other faculty like Kathleen Russell to win support for the center. They also describe some of the pushback to the center amongst EMU faculty.https://commons.emich.edu/oral_histories/1218/thumbnail.jp
