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Herbicide management alters fungal biomass and community composition in Great Lakes coastal wetlands
Get PDFWetlands provide many ecosystem services, and invasive species and their management can alter these services. Plant responses to wetland management actions are typically monitored, but less is known about how soils respond. Phragmites australis, an invasive wetland plant, can alter soil conditions, potentially impacting soil microbial structure and function. We sampled soil communities in Great Lakes coastal wetlands in southeastern Michigan dominated by Phragmites and sites that had been previously invaded by Phragmites then treated with herbicide from 2011-2017, to understand how herbicide management alters soil fungal communities. We assessed microbial and fungal biomass, fungal community composition, greenhouse gas emissions, soil physiological profiles, and decomposition rates. Fungicide treatments of the substrate induced respiration assays had significantly lower microbial biomass carbon (p = 0.027), indicating that fungi were a detectable component of the soil microbial community. Further, sites undergoing herbicide management had significantly higher fungal class diversity (p = 0.042). Cluster analysis highlighted distinct differences in microbial communities at the ordinal taxonomic level between herbicide-managed and Phragmites-invaded sites. We found no significant differences in any of the functional variables between herbicide-managed and Phragmites-invaded sites. These findings suggest that changes in fungal community composition occur following herbicide management, but it is not clear to what extent managed soils recover to a pre-invaded condition or to what extent and over what time scales microbial functions are impacted
Cedrick Charles, Oral History Interview, 2024
Get PDFCedrick Charles is an undergraduate student at Eastern Michigan University who has been very active in campus life, as he is involved in many student organizations and has participated in Student Government serving as the Speaker of the Senate (2021-2022), and Vice President (2022-2023). In this interview, Charles recounts his experience growing up in a large immigrant family, as his parents and extended family immigrated to South Florida from Haiti in the 1990s, and what immigration means to him. Charles discusses what led him to come to Eastern Michigan University, why he is pursuing a degree in economics and political science, and how he became involved in campus organizations and Student Government. Charles also explains how he became involved in resettling the 12 Afghan families into on-campus housing in 2022 as a result of his role in Student Government, recruiting volunteers to assist in the move in process, and discussions he had with personnel from Jewish Family Services of Washtenaw County to ensure the process went smoothly.https://commons.emich.edu/oral_histories/1169/thumbnail.jp
Bilingual families\u27 perspectives on augmentative and alternative communication devices
Get PDFObjective: The purpose of this study is to collect the perspectives of bilingual parents of AAC users regarding devices and services, thus advocating for better AAC support for bilingual users and their families. Simultaneously, this study will aim to inform speech-language pathologists and guide their practice when working with bilingual AAC users and their families. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted to collect participants\u27 perspectives in a virtual interview format over a 30-minute to 1-hour Zoom call. A flyer of the study’s details was circulated over social media to recruit participants, who were screened over email and a 15- to 30-minute Zoom call and signed the informed consent form before the interview. This study had eight participants (P1, P2, P3, etc.). Results: The following themes were found in this study: Embracing Uncertainty, Problem-Solving, Positive Transformation, Gender Roles in AAC Device Use, Balancing Two Languages, and The Role of Friendship in AAC Awareness. Discussion: This study reveals that all the participants experienced positive changes in their children’s language development, as well as found ways to maintain their native language within the household. Despite the challenges the participants faced when implementing AAC, they have shown a determination to use their devices consistently. This study also reveals that bilingual systems should be more equitable and user-friendly, as well as the tendency for mothers to bear more responsibility for AAC usage
Tony Catros, Oral History Interview, 2024
Get PDFTony Catros, nicknamed Cassius by his fraternity brothers, served as an active member of the fraternity from 1963 until 1967. Catros relates his grandparents\u27 immigration to the United States and his graduation from Redford Union High School before applying at EMU on a whim with friend Gary Griswold. Catros describes the differences between the Arms and other fraternities, his employment with Ypsilanti State Hospital while an Arm, and the importance of winning the All-Sports Trophy. He describes the reputation of Arm of Honor prior to his membership, and the initiation period that was part of all pledges\u27 lives. He describes Arm of Honor outings to Silver Lake and other places around the Southeast Michigan region. Catros explains the ways that household chores were done in the Arm house, and the relationship between the Arms and their sweetheart of a house mother. Catros describes the close-knit relationships bewteen the Arms even to this day, and relates many of the experiences involving Arms beyond his time as an active member.https://commons.emich.edu/oral_histories/1196/thumbnail.jp
Perceived benefits of a STEM intervention program and engineering self-efficacy: A multi-method investigatio
No full textThis study explored how students in an intervention program for underrepresented populations pursuing engineering in a U.S. university perceived the program\u27s benefits and the relationships of those perceptions with participants\u27 engineering self-efficacy in their first year of undergraduate study. Data came from a multi-method, longitudinal study of the U-ENGIN program situated in a highly selective research university in the U.S. Midwest. Participants included 147 U-ENGIN students and 78 College of Engineering comparison group members for a total sample size of 225 over a time period of four years. Results are reported for Students of Color, White students, and a comparison group of students that did not participate in the intervention program. In this study, Students of Color refers to African Americans, American Indians or Native Americans, Asian Americans or Pacific Islanders, Latinx, and any non-White race specified by the respondents. Findings indicate the program contributed to increased engineering self-efficacy for Students of Color, while support networks cultivated through the program and exposure to engineering prerequisites prepared them for their academic experience. The study provides insight into how elements of a STEM intervention program can contribute to the self-efficacy of underrepresented students and potentially impact student success
Informal employment and corruption: Differences across gender and industry
No full textThis paper adds to the literature studying the substitution and complementarity between corruption and the shadow economy by focusing on the differential effects of various informal employment categories, by gender (informal employment by men vs. women) and across industries (informal employment in the agriculture vs. non-agriculture sectors). Using cross-national data, we find evidence of complementarity between corruption and informal employment, after accounting for possible simultaneity. This complementarity holds across different informal employment categories, with some quantitative differences. These findings have policy relevance for the coordination of anti-corruption and anti-underground-economy policies, and whether such policies should be sector specific
Electronic properties of atomic layer deposited HfO2 thin films on InGaAs compared to HfO2/GaAs semiconductors
No full textThis paper demonstrates how the treatment of III-V semiconductor surface affects the number of defects and ensures the conformal growth of the high-k dielectric thin film. We present the electrical properties of an HfO2/InGaAs-based MOS capacitor, in which growth temperatures and surface treatments of the substrate are two key factors that contribute to the uniformity and composition of the HfO2 thin films. A remarkable asymmetry observed in capacitance versus voltage measurements was linked to the interface defects and charge redistribution, as confirmed from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The GaAs substrates that were etched with only NH4OH showed a large frequency dispersion and a higher surface roughness; however, the HfO2 thin films grown on GaAs pre-treated with both NH4OH etching and (NH4)2S passivation steps produced a desirable surface and superior electronic properties
Tom Stulberg, Interview, 2024
Get PDFThroughout 2024, the city of Ann Arbor celebrated its 200th anniversary with community events, festivals, and art displays that highlighted its rich culture and history. To cap off the celebrations, in December 2024 the EMU Center for Oral History Research invited community members to Skyline High School to share what makes Ann Arbor special. In this interview, Tom Stulberg talks about being mayor of Lower Town, discovering and correcting local history, and his favorite things to do.https://commons.emich.edu/oral_histories/1205/thumbnail.jp