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Social Thinking and Pay Inequities
Get PDFPrior work has examined how racial prejudice can lead to the acceptance of unjust pay toward women and minorities. Other work has found that people who highly believe in a just world (BJW) often accept the outcome of events and situations despite differences in outcomes for certain individuals or groups. This study examined whether BJW and social dominance orientation (SDO) contribute to the acceptance of pay discrimination toward African Americans. Participants read a description of a job applicant and an offer of employment toward that applicant. For the description, participants received explicit information that the applicant is either Black or White. Additionally, as part of the job offer, participants received explicit information that the applicant is be- ing offered 20% less, or 20% more than the median salary for their posi- tion. Assignment to applicant race and pay offered was conducted with random assignment resulting in four groups of participants (those who read of a Black applicant with higher pay, those who read of a Black ap- plicant with lower pay, those who read of a White applicant with higher pay, and those who read of a White applicant with lower pay). Afterward, participants were required to evaluate if they would advise the applicant to accept or reject the job offer, or if they themselves would accept/reject it, on Likert scales. Participants then completed two scales that correlated with differential treatment of people and groups, the social dominance orientation scale and the belief in a just world scale. The results of this study found that SDO and BJW had no effect on data, meaning social dominance orientation and belief in a just world largely did not correlate with the outcomes
Expressions and attributions of ableism for disabilities that were caused or congenital
Get PDFAbleism is a form of systemic oppression that prejudices disabled people. Ableist views perpetuate the idea that being non-disabled as the ideal and disability is a flaw or weakness to avoid. This research compared how different reasons for disabilities might lead to ableism toward auditory and cognitive disabilities. Some participants read about an individual who had cognitive disabilities (TBI) from congenital reasons, others due to illness, and then others due to a lack of caution leading to an injury resulting in TBI. Similarly, participants also read about individuals who had experienced an auditory deficit (deafness) due to these varying reasons (the reasons and order of disabilities, TBI or deafness was randomized across participants). Participants then rated the extent to which they would openly award these targets a disabilities related scholarship in an open fashion, one that was due to non-congenital reasons, or ones that were not the result of fault. Participants also completed a number of scales that had examined prejudice toward the disabled (symbolic ableism scale, SAS) or more generally (social dominance orientation, SDO). Results from the study supported the hypothesis that ableism is more strongly expressed when the disabled person might be seen as responsible for the disability as compared to when they are seen as less responsible. Some additional correlations were found for the measures of prejudice too. The results have implications for how individuals who hold ableist views might perceive the disabled and how that leads to the continuation of such beliefs. Keywords: Ableism, Prejudice, Attributio
Identifying the origins of business’ data breaches utilizing covert timing channels
Get PDFCybersecurity events and data breaches are on the rise and are very costly to businesses. Businesses rely on connectivity and information systems to conduct business, yet those same information systems can be breached and the organization\u27s data exposed. Today, there is a heavy reliance of organizations upon network connections to connect the entire organization in order to conduct business efficiently and from multiple locations. Covert timing channels are a cybersecurity attack method in which malicious actors embed privileged information into normal network traffic without authorization. Malicious actors, by carefully manipulating timing patterns in covert timing channels, can create a hidden communication channel that is difficult to detect. In the following research, a technique is proposed to detect/classify the type of privileged information leaked over a covert timing channel, using communication packets and a machine learning algorithm to train a classification model to identify the origin of a data breach
Migrant vulnerability to human trafficking: A legislative decade in review with historical and policy process analysis
Get PDFDespite the establishment of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) in 2000, the state and prevalence of human trafficking in the United States has greatly increased. While there exists more information and legislation, it still remains an under-researched and under-evaluated issue. This study looks through the enacted human trafficking federal legislation over the last decade to track whether migrant vulnerability to human trafficking has been further addressed with the evolution of the issue within the country. To provide a relevant analysis, this study will look through human trafficking legislation through the years of 2013-2023 and will focus on the main research question of whether or not migrant vulnerability to human trafficking has been explicitly addressed in federal legislation and, if so, how. It is predicted that due to the issue’s massive increase in awareness throughout law enforcement, policy making, and society as a whole, a majority of human trafficking-focused enacted legislation will explicitly recognize and address migrant victims’ protections against human trafficking within the United States
Late discovery: Student experiences with late learning disability diagnoses
No full textMy research focuses on the experiences of students who were diagnosed with a learning disability in high school or college. I conducted a qualitative study including eight interviews. Findings after the study showed that participants were never identified without seeking help independently. Additionally, living with an undiagnosed learning disability left negative impacts on participants\u27 mental health, resulting in the development of coping strategies to mask their symptoms and experiences. This research is critical as getting diagnosed with a learning disability later in life can be detrimental to a student\u27s learning experience. Struggling in school and not understanding is extremely frustrating and can result in lasting impacts on one\u27s mental health. Participants emphasized that their main concerns are not about the subject material that educators are teaching but the manner in which these educators teach. The kinds of relationships that are being built in the classroom can make or break the equitability for all learners in the classroom
Restricting the splitting types of a positive density set of places in number field extensions
No full textReal-world depression screening practices among primary care providers across patient-level and provider-level characteristics
No full textThis study examined primary care provider (PCP) alignment with guideline-based care for adolescent depression screening and identified factors associated with post-screening responses. A retrospective chart review was conducted across 17 primary care clinics. Logistical regressions were estimated across provider specialties, sociodemographic factors, and patient clinical histories. Significant differences in follow-up and identification of depression were found among patients with more severe depression presentation. Follow-up screening was also more likely to be completed among patients with private insurance and less likely to occur among Black patients. Patients with significant mental health history of a mood concern, history of being prescribed psychotropic medication, were currently on medications at the time of the screening, or had a history of an internal mental health referral had a higher predicted probability of being identified as depressed on the patient problem list
Facing the challenge: Connecting concepts to practice to improve STEM faculty professional development
No full textThe National Science Foundation-funded Eddie Bernice Johnson INCLUDES Aspire Alliance (Aspire) has made efforts to address broadening participation in STEM through multiple initiatives, including faculty professional development. Aspire, recognizing the positive outcomes related to inclusive teaching, developed the Inclusive Professional Framework (IPF), a conceptual framework that was designed to address equity in STEM. The IPF is focused on foundational awareness, knowledge, and skill development that can be applied to all areas of faculty responsibilities, and in turn ensures that faculty are engaged in not only inclusive teaching, but inclusive practices across their multiple roles with students and colleagues. The IPF was created to center a reflective process, which in turn leads to self-reflexivity. The Aspire team found operationalizing the framework in concrete ways and building faculty skills in self-reflexivity to be more challenging than they had anticipated. Through qualitative interviews, this paper highlights the challenges inherent in moving from conceptual framework to practice by examining how developers and facilitators of the framework conceptualized the IPF and how they attempted to operationalize it in their personal or professional lives. This paper also underscores the nuancing that occurs as individuals continue to make sense of a framework after it is initially published and they begin to use it in their practice–field testing the ideas and concepts in the real world. This knowledge is especially helpful to faculty developers that work in centers for teaching and learning, higher education administrators, and faculty