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The platelet antibodies testing in the diagnostics of immune thrombocytopenia
Full text linkImunska trombocitopenija je avtoimunska bolezen, za katero sta značilna povečana razgradnja in zmanjšano nastajanje trombocitov, ob padcu njihovega števila pa še zvečana nagnjenost h krvavitvi. Nastanek bolezni je povezan s tvorbo avto-protiteles proti trombocitom in megakariocitom, a tudi s celično posredovano imunostjo. Za bolezen so značilne krvavitve v kožo in sluznice, ki se kažejo kot hematomi, purpure, petehije ter druge krvavitve. Ker je za ustrezno zdravljenje nujno hitro postaviti pravilno diagnozo, običajno pa ni na voljo specifičnega laboratorijskega označevalca, uporabimo navadno postopek izključevanja drugih možnih vzrokov za izolirano trombocitopenijo. V pomoč pri diagnosticiranju nam je lahko tudi laboratorijska določitev trombocitnih avtoprotiteles v krvi bolnika, za katero je na voljo že kar nekaj metod. Članek obravnava imunohematološke metode za določanje in specifikacijo trombocitnih avtoprotiteles in klinično pomembnost teh preiskav.An autoimmune disorder - immune thrombocytopenia - is characterized by low platelet counts and increased bleeding tendency. The development of autoantibodies against megakaryocytes and platelets, together with cell-mediated immu-nity, are linked to the disease’s development. Clinically, immune thrombocytopenia is typified by bleeding into the skin and the mucous membranes, which can appear as purpura, petechiae, haematomas, bleeding from mucosal membranes, and other types of haemorrhage. Since a timely and precise diagnosis is necessary for appropriate treatment, and since there is currently no specific diagnostic laboratory test marker, the diagnosis is frequently established by excluding other possible causes for isolated thrombocytopenia. The laboratory measurement of platelet autoantibodies in the patient’s blood can be a useful aid in the diagnostics of immune thrombocytopenia, for which numerous techniques exist. The man-uscript covers immunohaematological techniques for identifying and characterizing platelet autoantibodies as well as the practical applications of these assays
Linearni temperaturni raztezek volumenske keramike ▫▫ bulk ceramic
Full text linkWe report the linear thermal expansion coefficient of lead-free ferroelectric ceramic barium zirconate titanate - barium calcium titanate 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT-BCT). The material was prepared by solid-state synthesis and consolidated by sintering at 1450 °C. BZT-BCT crystallizes in the perovskite phase. The microstructure of the ceramic with about 95 % relative density consists of about 10 mm-sized grains. The contact dilatometry of the ceramic specimen reveals the change of slope of the linear thermal expansion curve at 84 °C. This is in good agreement with the peak of the dielectric permittivity versus temperature at about 85 °C indicating the transition from the low-temperature polar ferroelectric phase to a high-temperature nonpolar phase or Curie temperature. The thermal expansion coefficients of the polar tetragonal and nonpolar cubic phases of BZT-BCT are 7.69×10-6 K-1 (40°C – 80°C) and 12.39×10-6 K-1 (100°C – 600°C), respectively. The thermal expansion data are among the material data needed in the design of thin- and thick-film structures for energy-harvesting and energy-storage applications
deadtrees.earth — An open-access and interactive database for centimeter-scale aerial imagery to uncover global tree mortality dynamics
Full text linkExcessive tree mortality is a global concern and remains poorly understood as it is a complex phenomenon. We lack global and temporally continuous coverage on tree mortality data. Ground-based observations on tree mortality, e.g., derived from national inventories, are very sparse, and may not be standardized or spatially explicit. Earth observation data, combined with supervised machine learning, offer a promising approach to map overstory tree mortality in a consistent manner over space and time. However, global-scale machine learning requires broad training data covering a wide range of environmental settings and forest types. Low altitude observation platforms (e.g., drones or airplanes) provide a cost-effective source of training data by capturing high-resolution orthophotos of overstory tree mortality events at centimeter-scale resolution. Here, we introduce deadtrees.earth, an open-access platform hosting more than two thousand centimeter-resolution orthophotos, covering more than 1,000,000 ha, of which more than 58,000 ha are manually annotated with live/dead tree classifications. This community-sourced and rigorously curated dataset can serve as a comprehensive reference dataset to uncover tree mortality patterns from local to global scales using space-based Earth observation data and machine learning models. This will provide the basis to attribute tree mortality patterns to environmental changes or project tree mortality dynamics to the future. The open nature of deadtrees.earth, together with its curation of high-quality, spatially representative, and ecologically diverse data will continuously increase our capacity to uncover and understand tree mortality dynamics
"Bella Vida" - studio sull\u27origine, lo sviluppo e la dissoluzione della ballata popolare di Bella Vida
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Assessment of congestion using ultrasound in patients with heart failure – what should we know?
Full text linkOcena kongestije pri bolnikih s srčnim popuščanjem v klinični praksi najpogosteje temelji na anamnezi, kliničnem pregle-du in rentgenogramu prsnih organov. Klinični simptomi in znaki kongestije oz. znaki zastoja na rentgenogramu se pokaže-jo šele pri zmerni ali hudi kongestiji, kar lahko vodi do zamude pri postavitvi diagnoze in ustreznem zdravljenju bolnikov s srčnim popuščanjem. Ultrazvočna (UZ) ocena pljučne in sistemske venske kongestije omogoča natančnejše in zgodnejše prepoznavanje kongestije ter boljše prilagajanje zdravljenja z diuretiki, zato gre za zelo pomembno oceno tveganja za na-poved izida zdravljenja bolnikov s srčnim popuščanjem. Za klinično uporabo se ocenjuje z UZ sistemska venska kongestija v spodnji votli veni, notranji jugularni veni, jetrni veni, portalni veni in interlobarni ledvični veni, medtem ko z UZ pljuč ocenimo kongestijo pljuč. Zaradi enostavnosti izvedbe in interpretiranja je UZ ocena kongestije dostopna tako začetnikom kot tudi tistim, ki niso vešči UZ srca. Odpira možnost uporabe metode širokemu krogu zdravnikov, ki se srečujejo z bolniki s srčnim popuščanjem. Članek predstavi posamezne UZ metode za oceno sistemske venske in pljučne kongestije, njihove prednosti in slabosti ter pojasnjuje interpretiranje pridobljenih vrednosti.In clinical practice, the assessment of congestion in patients with heart failure is most often based on history, clinical examination, and chest X-ray. Clinical symptoms and signs of congestion or signs of congestion on the radiograph appear only in moderate or severe congestion, which can lead to a delay in the diagnosis and appropriate treatment of patients with heart failure. Ultrasound assessment of pulmonary and systemic venous congestion enables more accurate and early identification of congestion, enables better adjustment of diuretic therapy, and represents an important risk assessment for predicting the treatment outcome in patients with heart failure. For clinical use, ultrasound evaluates systemic venous congestion in the inferior vena cava, internal jugular, hepatic, portal, and interlobar renal veins. In contrast, pulmonary congestion is evaluated with lung ultrasound. Due to the ease of implementation and interpretation, the ultrasound assessment of congestion is accessible to both beginners and those who are not skilled in ultrasound examination of the heart and opens the possibility of using the method to a wide range of doctors who encounter patients with heart failure. In the article, we present individual ultrasound methods for assessing systemic venous and pulmonary congestion, their advantages and disadvantages, and explain the interpretation of the obtained values
