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Growth responses of silver fir (Abies alba) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) to climatic factors along the Carpathians
Full text linkŠtudija je sestavljena iz treh vsebinsko dopolnjujočih sklopov in daje vpogled v najnovejše odzive bele jelke in navadne bukve na okoljske dejavnike ter vključuje napovedi odziva na podnebne spremembe in prispeva pri oblikovanju gozdnogojitvenih usmeritev za gospodarjenje v prihodnje. Vzdolž gorskega masiva Karpatov od smo izbrali osem lokacij v odraslih, optimalno razvitih gospodarskih jelovo-bukovih sestojih in pragozdnih rezervatih nad 800 m nad morjem. Izmerili smo asimilacijski odziv mladja v treh zaporednih rastnih obdobjih in odvzeli izvrtke 15 dominantnih jelk in bukev na izbranih lokacijah za dendrokronološko in lesno-anatomsko analizo. Največjo asimilacijsko učinkovitost jelke smo izmerili v svetlobnih razmerah pod zastorom matičnega sestoja, pri bukvi pa na odprtem. Tako bukev kot jelka kažeta večjo debelinsko rast z več padavinami v juliju in manjšo rast z večjimi povprečnimi in največjimi temperaturami v juniju tekočega leta. Pri jelki smo potrdili statistično značilno pozitivno korelacijo med debelinsko rastjo in temperaturo pozimi, bukev pa negativno korelacijo med debelinsko rastjo in temperaturo poleti. Severna rastišča postajajo za rast obeh vrst ugodnejša, zlasti za jelko. Pri jelki smo potrdili statistično negativno korelacijo med relativno prevodno površino in gostoto celic, povprečno površino celic in gostoto celic ter srednjo debelino tangencialnih celičnih sten in relativno prevodno površino. Izmerjene lastnosti trahej pri bukvi so v korelaciji s širino branik. Bukev in jelka se odzivata na podnebne parametre na izbranih lokacijah različno, pri čemer je jelka bolj odporna na sušo kot bukev.The study consisting of three complementary parts provides insights into the updated responses of silver fir and European beech, predicting the response to climate change with basis for silvicultural guidelines for future management. Along the Carpathian Mountains eight permanent plots were established in optimally developed, managed and old-growth beech and fir forests above 800m ASL. The assimilation responses of young trees were measured in three consecutive growing seasons15 dominant fir and 15 beech trees were double cored at every selected location for dendrochronological and wood-anatomical analysis. The maximum assimilation efficiency of fir was confirmed under the mature canopy light conditions and for beech in the open. Both beech and fir show better radial growth with higher precipitation in July and slower growth with higher average and maximum temperatures in June of the current year. Fir shows a positive correlation between radial growth and temperature in winter, while beech shows a negative correlation between radial growth and temperature in summer. Northern sites are becoming increasingly favourable for the growth of both species, especially fir. For fir, there is a negative correlation between the relative conductive surface and the cell density, the average cell surface area and the cell density, and the mean thickness of tangential cell walls and the relative conductive surface. Measured tracheal properties in beech show correlations with tree ring width. Beech and fir respond differently to climatic parameters at the selected sites, with fir being more drought tolerant than beech
Skew Laurent series ring over a Dedekind domain
Full text linkWe show that the formal skew Laurent series ring over a commutative Dedekind domain ▫▫ with an automorphism is a noncommutative Dedekind domain. If acts trivially on the ideal class group of , then , the Grothendieck group of , is isomorphic to . Furthermore, we determine the Krull dimension, the global dimension, the general linear rank, and the stable rank of
Digital PCR genotyping of pepino mosaic virus
No full textPepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is a plant pathogen causing significant economic losses in tomato production. Sensitive, reliable, and robust detection methods are crucial for containing the spread of PepMV and reducing its damaging effects. Digital PCR (dPCR) presents several advantages to conventional real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), including absolute quantification ability, robust quantitative multiplexing capabilities, and straightforward result analysis. Furthermore, dPCR is especially suitable for analysis of complex samples due to its remarkable tolerance to PCR inhibitors, which makes it a promising method for plant virus genotyping. In this chapter, we present two protocols for PepMV genotyping and quantification using one-step reverse transcription digital PCR (RT-dPCR). The first protocol outlines four simplex assays, while the second describes two duplex assays for precise and comprehensive genotyping of PepMV variants
On the direct numerical computation of Hopf bifurcations to assess the dynamic stability of fluid-conveying cantilevered pipes
Full text linkIn the structural analysis of fluid-conveying pipes, dynamic instabilities can occur at specific values of the flow velocity, depending on the geometry as well as the material parameters of the pipe and the interior fluid. These critical points fall into the broader category of Hopf bifurcations. Typical numerical models of this problem employ a one-dimensional weighted residual method, leading to a velocity-dependent eigenvalue problem. The solutions form eigencurves, and the critical points are characterized by eigenvalues with vanishing real parts. In this paper, we show that critical points can be computed directly as solutions to a single three-parameter eigenvalue problem. In addition, we employ a recently developed method for computing individual eigencurves, based on the concept of exponential residual relaxation. For the discretization of the weak form, we use a finite element method with a particular version of -continuous high-order spectral elements, suited for fourth-order differential equations, and we discuss the differences compared to the more commonly used weighted residual method based on the basis functions of a linear Euler-Bernoulli beam. Four numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the implemented algorithms. For verification, we provide a detailed derivation of analytical solutions for special cases
