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Potential of synergist ablation to study mechanisms of skeletal muscle hypertrophy in rodent disease models
Get PDFSynergist ablation (SA) is a well-established model of mechanical overload-induced hypertrophy in rodents, commonly used toinfer skeletal muscle adaptation to resistance training in humans. Given the critical role of skeletal muscle atrophy in chronicconditions such as neuromuscular, metabolic, and cardiopulmonary disorders, SA represents a promising preclinical tool tostudy muscle hypertrophy mechanisms in pathological states. However, although extensively characterized in healthy animals,the potential applications of SA in disease models remain largely overlooked. This Mini-Review summarizes existing studiesemploying SA in rodent disease models, highlighting the diverse hypertrophic responses observed across conditions, includ-ing Duchenne muscular dystrophy, obesity, diabetes, cancer cachexia, and chronic kidney disease. Although hypertrophygains are generally attenuated in diseased animals compared to healthy controls, SA-induced overload provides valuableinsights into disease-specific regulatory mechanisms, including alterations in intracellular signaling, fiber type transitions, anddisease phenotype. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of SA as a preclinical model for resistance training in dis-ease contexts and propose its broader adoption for mechanistic investigations into skeletal muscle plasticity under pathologi-cal conditions
Carl Stumpf
No full textThe text is a posthumous tribute to Carl Stumpf. The text summarizes the main points of Stumpf ’s philosophy and psychology by tracking the main phases in his philosophical development. The text introduces the notions of phenomenology and eidology.Besedilo je postumni poklon Carlu Stumpfu. Povzema poglavitne poteze Stumpfove filozofije in psihologije, tako da prikaže temeljne faze znotraj njegovega filozofskega razvoja. Besedilo spregovori o ideji fenomenologije in eidologije
Mortaria from Križanke in the eastern suburb of Emona
Get PDFPrispevek obravnava rimskodobne keramične melnice, odkrite med arheološkimi izkopavanji leta 2018 na južnem delu kompleksa Križank v Ljubljani. Nepretrgana raba tega prostora od srednjega ali poznega avgustejskega obdobja do zatona organiziranega življenja v Emoni se kaže v enako širokem kronološkem razponu melnic. Študija je zasnovana na opazovanju operacijske sekvence izdelave posodanalizirali smo njihovo makroskopsko in mikroskopsko sestavo ter tehniko oblikovanja in jih tipokronološko ovrednotili. Opredelili smo osem tehnoloških skupin, ki jih primarno ločimo po odsotnosti ali prisotnosti glazure. Melnice brez glazure izhajajo z dveh proizvodnih območij, osrednjega ali tirenskega dela Italije in severne Italije. Dva lončarska žiga potrjujeta izdelavo v padskih delavnicah, njihove lokacije smo na podlagi izsledkov mineraloško-petrografske analize ožje zamejili. Glazirane melnice so najverjetneje prišle od drugod, a izvor ostaja negotov.The article focuses on Roman ceramic mortaria discovered during the 2018 archaeological excavations in the Križanke complex in Ljubljana. This area’s continuous use from the Middle or Late Augustan period until the decline of Emona is reflected in the wide chronological range of these vessels. The study applies the chaîne opératoire approach by analysing the macroscopic and microscopic paste composition, the forming and shaping techniques, the typology, and the chronological framework. Eight technological groups were identified, distinguished primarily by the presence or absence of a glaze. The unglazed mortaria come from two production zones: Central-Southern Italy and Northern Italy. Two potters’ stamps confirm the Po Valley as the area of origin, with the locations of their workshops being more narrowly defined through mineralogical-petrographic analysis. The glazed mortaria most likely originated elsewhere, but their exact provenance remains uncertain
Venetski napis na silosu iz Štanjela
Get PDFThe rib of a silo from Štanjel, which was found in the storage building from the 5th and 4th centuries BC, bears a partially preserved incised inscription. The series of vertical and diagonal marks on the rough surface is non-accidental enough to be recognized as an inscription in the Venetic alphabet (henceforth labeled with the siglum *Ts 4). In a sinistroverse sequence, an interpunctuated <.a.>and <e>are clearly legible at the very end, enabling a tentative reading [---].a.e (with aberrant, non-framing interpunctuation of final e). The sequence most likely represents a mark of ownership and may represent the oldest preserved Venetic inscription on pottery in Slovenia.Na rebru silosa, ki je bil najden v kletnem prostoru stavbe iz 5. in 4. st. pr. n. št. v Štanjelu, je delno ohranjen vrezan napis. V sekvenci vertikalnih in poševnih vrezov v grobo površino je mogoče prepoznati tudi take, ki niso naključni, zato ugotavljamo, da gre za napis (odslej označen s siglo *Ts 4) v venetskem alfabetu. Poteka od desne proti levi, pri čemer sta na koncu sekvence dobro vidna le interpunktuirani in . Celotno zaporedje torej utegne predstavljati zapis [---].a.e (pri čemer ni zaključen z interpunktom, kot bi bilo sicer pričakovano). Napis je najverjetneje treba interpretirati kot oznako lastništva in bi lahko predstavljal trenutno najstarejši ohranjeni napis na keramiki v Sloveniji
Between defence and delivery
Get PDFGene therapy has emerged as a transformative biomedical approach, offering new therapeutic possibilities from many so far uncurable diseases through the introduction of recombinant nucleic acids into target cells. Among non-viral delivery techniques, gene electrotransfer (GET) has become one of the frequently applied methods in clinical trials. It is based on the application of short, high-intensity electric pulses that transiently permeabilize cell membranes and enable the efficient transfer of plasmid DNA or other types of recombinant nucleic acids into various cell types. Beyond its role in gene delivery, GET can trigger complex cellular responses, as the introduced DNA interacts with intracellular DNA sensing pathways involved in innate immunity and inflammation. These responses can influence the therapeutic outcome – either by enhancing antitumour and vaccine-related immune activation or by reducing transfection efficiency when excessive inflammation or cell death occur. Our experimental findings in tumour, muscle, and skin models have shown that even non-coding plasmid DNA delivered by GET can induce local immune stimulation and tissue-specific inflammatory signaling, suggesting that the delivered DNA itself contributes to therapeutic efficacy. Conclusions The dual nature of cellular responses following plasmid DNA GET represents both an opportunity and a challenge. Controlled activation of innate immunity can be harnessed to amplify antitumour or vaccine efficacy, while excessive responses may hinder applications requiring cell survival and sustained expression. Understanding these mechanisms enables the rational optimization of GET parameters and plasmid vector design to fully exploit the adjuvant effect or reduce the off-target effect of DNA sensing after GET, based on the desired application
Podgorica: naselje iz obdobja kulture žarnih grobiščkot del podgoriško-dragomeljskega “somestja”in starejšeželeznodobno grobišče
Get PDFThe article presents the results of the archaeological investigations conducted at Podgorica. They revealed a settlement considered part of the Podgorica-Dragomelj ‘twin settlement’ that was located at a former streambed and extended across more than 2 ha. The clustered buildings in its centre and the metallurgical-casting activities moved to the periphery indicate a deliberate organisation of the living and work spaces of its inhabitants. The area was then reused in the Early Iron Age, when it served as a burial ground in the Hallstatt period.V pričujočem prispevku predstavljamo rezultate arheoloških raziskav bronastodobne naselbine pri Podgorici, obravnavane kot del tako imenovanega podgoriško-dragomeljskega “somestja”. Naselbina se je razprostirala vzdolž nekdanje rečne struge, na več kot 2 ha velikem območju. Gručasto razporejene stavbe ter na robove naselbine pomaknjena metalurško-livarska dejavnost pričajo o načrtni organiziranosti naselbine in o gospodarskih dejavnostih njenih prebivalcev. V prispevku pa so zaradi ponovne rabe prostora v starejši železni dobi predstavljeni tudi halštatskodobni grobovi
Kako medicinski genetiki interpretirajo genetske motnje v romskih skupnostih postsocialistične Madžarske
Get PDFThe article investigates the utilization of ethnic classification by human geneticists in Hungary, with a particular focus on the Roma minority. Drawing on qualitative expert-interviews, it analyzes how historically situated social imaginaries inform the production of genetic knowledge. The study explores how human genetics constructs heritable disorders as ethnic diseases, exposing the epistemological and ethical tensions inherent in translating sociocultural difference into biological terms.Avtor na primeru romske manjšine preuči uporabo etnične klasifikacije pri genetikih na Madžarskem. S kvalitativnimi intervjuji s strokovnjaki analizira, kako zgodovinsko umeščeni družbeni imaginariji oblikujejo ustvarjanje znanja o genetiki. Raziskuje tudi, kako človeška genetika konstruira dedne motnje kot etnične bolezni, pri čemer razkriva epistemološke in etične napetosti, ki so neločljivo povezane s prevajanjem družbenokulturnih razlik v biološke pojme
Raziskovalno, umetniško in pedagoško delo Franceta Marolta v odsevu zvočnih posnetkov
Get PDFThe article examines a less researched aspect of France Marolt’s work: his sound recordings on direct cut 78 rpm gramophone discs. Using the Gailtal Wedding (ziljska ohcet) recordings as a case study, it analyses the context of the recordings, presents the metadata collected and discusses the recording technique used. It places the recordings in the history of Slovenian folk music research and in Marolt’s broader work and shows the interweaving of his artistic, research and pedagogical activities.Članek obravnava manj raziskani vidik dela Franceta Marolta – njegove zvočne posnetke na direktno rezanih gramofonskih ploščah z 78 vrtljaji na minuto. Avtor v članku analizira kontekst Maroltovih posnetkov ziljske ohceti, predstavlja zbrane metapodatke in obravnava uporabljeno tehniko snemanja. Posnetke umešča v zgodovinski okvir raziskovanja ljudske glasbe na Slovenskem in v širše Maroltovo delo ter prikazuje preplet njegovih umetniških, raziskovalnih in pedagoških dejavnosti
