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Edge-transitive cubic graphs: analysis, cataloguing and enumeration
Full text linkThis paper deals with finite cubic (3-regular) graphs whose automorphism group acts transitively on the edges of the graph. Such graphs split into two broad classes, namely arc-transitive and semisymmetric cubic graphs, and then these divide respectively into 7 types (according to a classification by Djoković and Miller (1980) [17]) and 15 types (according to a classification by Goldschmidt (1980) [23]), in terms of certain group amalgams. Such graphs of small order were previously known up to orders 2048 and 768, respectively, and we have extended each of the two lists of all such graphs up to order 10000. Before describing how we did that, we carry out an analysis of the 22 amalgams, to show which of the finitely-presented groups associated with the 15 Goldschmidt amalgams can be faithfully embedded in one or more of the other 21 (as subgroups of finite index), complementing what is already known about such embeddings of the 7 Djoković-Miller groups in each other. We also give an example of a graph of each of the 22 types, and in most cases, describe the smallest such graph, and we then use regular coverings to prove that there are infinitely many examples of each type. Finally, we discuss the asymptotic enumeration of the graph orders, proving that if is the number of cubic edge-transitive graphs of type on at most vertices, then there exist positive real constants and and a positive integer such that for all
Letter to the editor, regarding “Comparative efficacy and safety of different tenecteplase doses with alteplase in acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analysis to determine the optimal dose” recently published by Waseem and colleagues
Full text linkThe role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in blunt and penetrating chest trauma
Full text linkVideo-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has emerged as a valuable tool in the management of both blunt and penetrating chest trauma. Indications for VATS include retained haemothorax, persistent pneumothorax, and diagnostic clarification of suspected intrathoracic injuries. Compared to open thoracotomy, VATS offers reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, and decreased infection rates, particularly when performed early, ideally within 72 hours of injury. In cases of blunt trauma, early VATS enables effective evacuation of clotted blood, reduces ventilator days, and minimizes complications such as empyema or fibrothorax. In penetrating trauma, VATS allows for minimally invasive inspection and management of diaphragmatic, pulmonary, and pleural injuries in haemodynamically stable patients, with early intervention showing superior outcomes. The role of VATS in rib fracture stabilization is expanding, with data supporting its feasibility and effectiveness in anatomically challenging cases, such as posterior or subscapular fractures. Thoracoscopic-assisted fixation may offer comparable or superior outcomes to open techniques, particularly when novel devices like memory alloy plates are used. While early surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) is generally favoured, recent evidence suggests that delayed SSRF does not necessarily worsen clinical outcomes, allowing prioritization of other life-threatening injuries in polytrauma scenarios. Despite promising retrospective and cohort data, there remains a lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to definitively guide timing and patient selection for VATS in trauma. Standardized protocols for integrating VATS into trauma algorithms are needed. This review synthesizes current evidence and proposes pragmatic recommendations for the timing and indications of VATS in modern thoracic trauma care
Myocardial strain imaging
Full text linkMyocardial strain imaging by echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a powerful method to diagnose cardiac disease. Strain imaging provides measures of myocardial shortening, thickening, and lengthening and can be applied to any cardiac chamber. Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography is the most widely used clinical strain parameter. Several CMR-based modalities are available and are ready to be implemented clinically. Clinical applications of strain include global longitudinal strain as a more sensitive method than ejection fraction for diagnosing mild systolic dysfunction. This applies to patients suspected of having heart failure with normal LV ejection fraction, to early systolic dysfunction in valvular disease, and when monitoring myocardial function during cancer chemotherapy. Segmental LV strain maps provide diagnostic clues in specific cardiomyopathies, when evaluating LV dyssynchrony and ischemic dysfunction. Strain imaging is a promising modality to quantify right ventricular function. Left atrial strain may be used to evaluate LV diastolic function and filling pressure
Maternal gut microbiota in gestational diabetes mellitus and fetal macrosomia
Full text linkBackground/Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with altered maternal gut microbiota and increased risk of large-for-gestational age (LGA) births. The contribution of gut microbiota to fetal overgrowth in GDM, independent of glycemic control, remains unclear. Methods: In this pilot longitudinal study, the gut microbiota of 18 women with GDM was followed from the second (2T) to the third trimester (3T). Maternal fecal samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and associations between microbial profiles and infant birth weight were examined. In addition, these associations were adjusted for pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG). Results: Maternal gut microbiota of LGA infants exhibited consistently lower microbial diversity, a reduced Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio, and enrichment of pro-inflammatory taxa including Prevotella, Sutterella, and Bilophila. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing genera such as Acinetobacter, Odoribacter, Faecalibacterium, and Lachnoclostridium were depleted. Although Bilophila was identified as a third-trimester biomarker with LEfSE approach, its association with LGA disappeared after adjusting for BMI and GWG. Conversely, Nitrospirota, Polaromonas, Acinetobacter, and Aeromonas correlated negatively with LGA even after BMI and GWG adjustment. Conclusions: These findings suggest that specific maternal microbiota signatures, together with pre-pregnancy adiposity, influence fetal overgrowth in GDM and may serve as early biomarkers or targets for preventive interventions
Mental health in adults with chronic kidney disease and obesity
No full textThis dataset contains data from a study examining mental health and quality of life in adults with early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD stages 2–4) and overweight or obesity. Data were collected from 40 patients using standardized questionnaires assessing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and quality of life, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analyses.Ta podatkovni niz vsebuje podatke iz raziskave, ki je preučevala duševno zdravje in kakovost življenja pri odraslih z zgodnjo stopnjo kronične ledvične bolezni (CKD stopnje 2–4) ter prekomerno telesno težo ali debelostjo. Podatki so bili zbrani pri 40 bolnikih z uporabo standardiziranih vprašalnikov za oceno simptomov depresije, anksioznosti in kakovosti življenja ter analizirani z deskriptivno statistiko in korelacijsko analizo
Improving the histologic detection of DSA-negative antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplants
Full text linkEmerging treatments for antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR, NEJM391(2):122-132) have increased the importance of ABMR detection when donor-specific antibody (DSA) is negative. We addressed this issue in the Trifecta-Kidney study (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT04239703) using three centralized tests in 690 kidney transplant biopsies: DSA (One Lambda Inc.), blood donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA, Prospera™ test, Natera, Inc.), and molecular biopsy assessment (MMDx). We used an “AutoBanff 2022” algorithm to model the impact of alternative DSA interpretations on the histologic diagnosis of “DSA-negative” ABMR following Banff guidelines, including agreement with dd-cfDNA and molecular ABMR. Lowering MFI cutoffs for DSA-positivity did not improve detection of DSA-negative ABMR. However, simply calling all DSA positive allowed Banff 2022 guidelines to identify 46% more ABMR cases with no measurable DSA, and per Net Reclassification Improvement increased agreement between histologic diagnoses and both dd-cfDNA (P=7.72E-7) and molecular ABMR (P=7.69E-7). New ABMR cases were as strongly positive for dd-cfDNA and molecular ABMR as those found using the conventional DSA interpretation. A validation set analysis using INTERCOMEX study data (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT#01299168) confirmed these findings, and found that the new DSA-negative ABMR cases identified by calling all DSA positive had the same risk for graft loss as those found with conventional DSA interpretation
Activation of α2B/2C adrenergic receptor ameliorates ocular surface inflammation through enhancing regulatory T cell function
Full text linkThere is an unmet need for effectively treating dry eye disease (DED), a T cell-mediated chronic, inflammatory ocular surface disorder. Given the potential of nonneuronal adrenergic system in modulating T cell response, we herein investigated the therapeutic efficacy and the underlying mechanisms of a specific alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonist (AGN-762, selective for α2B/2C receptor subtypes) in a mouse model of DED. Experimental DED was treated with the AGN-762 by oral gavage, either at disease induction or after disease establishment, and showed sustained amelioration, along with reduced expression of DED-pathogenic cytokines in ocular surface tissues, decreased corneal MHC-II+CD11b+cells and lymphoid Th17 cells, and higher function of regulatory T cells (Treg). In vitro culture of DED- derived effector T helper cells (Teff) with AGN-762 failed to suppress Th17 response, while culture of DED-Treg with AGN-762 led to enhanced suppressive function of Treg and their IL-10 production. Adoptive transfer of AGN-762-pretreated DED-Treg in syngeneic B6.Rag1-/- mice effectively suppressed DED Teff-mediated disease and Th17 response, and the effect was abolished by the neutralization of IL-10. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that α2B/2C adrenergic receptor agonism effectively ameliorates persistent corneal epitheliopathy in DED by enhancing IL-10 production from Treg and thus restoring their immunoregulatory function