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Global health at crossroads
Full text linkThe world is currently facing an unprecedented convergence of crises that threaten the core pillars of public health, scientific integrity, and social stability. These challenges are profoundly interconnected and have the potential to exacerbate global inequalities, jeopardize health security, and undermine the progress achieved through decades of international collaboration. Our viewpoint declaration, developed by 366 healthcare workers and scientists from 119 countries across six continents, highlights the urgent need for global solidarity and collective action to address these interconnected global health challenges. As healthcare workers and scientists, we must prioritize the protection of scientific integrity, combat political interference, and restore public trust in the scientific process. This will require a commitment to transparency, ethical responsibility, and evidence-based decision-making that can stand strong in the face of political and social adversity. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the critical importance of resilient healthcare systems, emphasizing that preparedness, capacity building and coherent leadership and coordination are essential for future global health crises. In addition, our call for a One Health approach, acknowledging the intricate relationship between human, animal, and environmental health, has never been more pressing, especially as zoonotic diseases and antimicrobial resistance spread across borders. As we confront ongoing wars, environmental destruction, and global persistent health inequalities, it is only through unity, solidarity, collaboration, and innovation that we hope to build a healthier, more equitable world. Together, we must ensure that science and medicine remain a force for good, capable of addressing both the immediate and long-term needs and challenges facing our shared future
The role of urban and peri-urban forests in improving sustainability at the urban–rural interface
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An infinite family of simple graphs underlying chiral, orientable reflexible and non-orientable rotary maps
Full text linkIn this paper, we provide the first known infinite family of simple graphs, each of which is the skeleton of a chiral map, a skeleton of a reflexible map on an orientable surface, as well as a skeleton of a reflexible map on a non-orientable surface. This family consists of all lexicographic products , where , with an integer not divisible by . This answers a question posed by Wilson in 2002
Severe traumatic brain injury in early adulthood and cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Full text linkRecent research has increasingly recognized a potential link between severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) decades ago and the later development of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Although the precise mechanisms linking these two pathologies are incompletely understood, there is a hypothesis that TBI may disrupt amyloid β (Aβ) turnover, with its resultant progressive accumulation within the walls of cerebral vessels. We present the case of a woman with biopsy-confirmed CAA and a history of severe TBI in her early adulthood, who suffered three recurrent intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) in the right occipital region, during the course of 1 month. Two of the ICHs necessitated neurosurgical evacuation, and the patient showed a fairly good recovery. This case further extends our previously reported series on the relationship between preceding childhood TBI and the development of CAA. TBI increases amyloid precursor protein production enhancing Aβ levels and promoting chronic blood–brain barrier dysfunction, impairing Aβ clearance. The glymphatic system and intramural periarterial drainage pathways may be compromised following TBI. Additionally, the inflammatory response to TBI promotes vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, which may further exacerbate Aβ accumulation. A repeated ICH may be associated with a much worse clinical outcome, necessitating prolonged meticulous observation after the first bout of an ICH in these patients. Further research is needed to clarify TBI\u27s role in CAA progression
Revisiting -distance (independent) domination in trees and in bipartite graphs
Full text linkThe -distance -packing domination number of is the minimum size of a set of vertices of which is both a -distance dominating set and a -packing. In 1994, Beineke and Henning conjectured that if and is a tree of order , then . They supported the conjecture by proving it for . In this paper, it is proved that holds for any bipartite graph of order , and any . Trees for which holds are characterized. It is also proved that if has leaves, then (provided that ), and (provided that ). The latter result extends Favaron\u27s theorem from 1992 asserting that . In both cases, trees that attain the equality are characterized and relevant conclusions for the -distance domination number of trees derived
The role of regulatory T cells and their therapeutic potential in hypertensive disease of pregnancy
Full text linkAbstract: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including preeclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH), are major causes of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. This review elucidates the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the immunological aspects of HDP and explores their therapeutic potential. Tregs, which play a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis, are crucial in pregnancy to prevent immune-mediated rejection of the foetus. The review highlights that Tregs contribute to immunological adaptation in normal pregnancy, ensuring foetal acceptance. In contrast, HDP is associated with Treg dysfunction, which is marked by decreased numbers and impaired regulatory capacity, leading to inadequate immune tolerance and abnormal placental development. This dysfunction is particularly evident in PE, inwhich Tregs fail to adequatelymodulate the maternal immune response against foetal antigens, contributing to the pathophysiology of the disorder. Therapeutic interventions aiming to modulate Treg activity represent a promising avenue for HDP management. Studies in animal models and limited clinical trials suggest that enhancing Treg functionality could mitigate HDP symptoms and improve pregnancy outcomes. However, given the multifactorial nature of HDP and the intricate regulatory mechanisms of Tregs, the review explores the complexities of translating in vitro and animal model findings into effective clinical therapies. In conclusion, while the precise role of Tregs in HDP is still being unravelled, their central role in immune regulation during pregnancy is indisputable. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which Tregs contribute to HDP and to develop targeted therapies that can safely and effectively harness their regulatory potential for treating hypertensive diseases of pregnancy
